Navigating Food Security In Land-Limited Areas: The Case Of Yogyakarta’s Energy and Protein Supply

Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: okiwijaya@umy.ac.id

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of food availability in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) during 2020–2022, focusing on the balance between energy and protein under land constraints. Data were obtained from the Food Balance Sheet (Neraca Bahan Makanan) and analyzed descriptively and comparatively against the National Food and Nutrition Workshop (WNPG X, 2012) recommendations. The results reveal that although energy availability remained stable at 3,731–3,735 kcal per capita per day (155% of the national standard), protein availability declined from 108.4 grams to 101.5 grams per capita per day over the same period. This trend reflects a state of nutritional fragility—caloric stability without nutritional balance. The high dependence on cereals and limited diversification of protein sources highlight structural challenges caused by farmland conversion, rising animal food prices, and policy bias toward staple crops. The findings emphasize that food security in land-limited regions requires a paradigm shift from food quantity to food quality, through the protection of productive farmland, the development of local protein supply chains, and strengthened nutrition education for communities.