Quantification of Household Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Mumbai: A Scope 1, 2, and 3 Analysis

Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Mumbai, India

Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are one of the major causes of climate change. These GHG emissions are generated by a number of sources, ranging from simple electricity usage to product and service production and recycling used by consumers. This paper calculates the GHG emissions of an average household in Mumbai, India, using the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. This categorizes the emissions into 3 scopes: Scope 1 (direct emissions), Scope 2 (indirect emissions), and Scope 3 (value chain emissions). This paper adapts this protocol to a household scale and calculates the monthly CO₂ equivalent emissions through a thorough survey, activity data, emission factors, and complex calculations. This paper introduces a holistic yet innovative approach to the calculation of monthly GHG emissions while following the globally accepted standards defined by the GHG protocol. The data-driven findings enable the detection of prominent sources of emissions, offer practical suggestions, and develop sustainable models for living in urban areas to combat climate change.