The greenhouse index of sustainable development for metallurgical processes of production in aspect of green power

The accounting of greenhouse gases (GHG) according to plans of the Russian Federation becomes obligatory since 2016 for the enterprises with issue of GHG not less than 150 thousand tons of CO2, since 2017 – from 50 thousand tons of CO2. Introduction of a carbon tax (15 dollars/t of CO2) is planned. Voluntary inventory of GHG of the enterprises and territories which in the long term apply is carried out to be called clever. According to University of Cambridge (USA) about 45% depreciation of joint-stock portfolios in the world markets, the expected climate change connected with are expected. Parameter for an assessment of the clever city with the developed metallurgy and need of decrease in greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere – the indicator of a sustainable development considering emission of carbon dioxide, prime cost of steel and its power consumption is offered. Its values for tandems blast furnace (BF) + oxygen converter (OC), BF, Corex, Romelt, Midrex, Hyl-3 everyone with arc furnace (AF) are defined. The modern "clever" cities are not only environmentally friendly cities, but also the cities in which it is developed industrial, including, metallurgical production. At the same time the problem of emission of the GHG exerting a great influence on an ecological situation is of great importance. The submitted report just is also devoted to the choice of technologies with the minimum emission of GHG. The accounting of GHG according to plans of the Russian Federation becomes obligatory since 2016 for the enterprises with issue of GHG not less than 150 thousand tons of CO2, since 2017 from 50 thousand tons of CO2. Introduction of a carbon tax is planned, the preliminary cost of 1 ton of CO2 is designated in 15 dollars. Voluntary inventory of GHG of the enterprises and territories which in the long term can apply for recognition by clever is carried out. According to University of Cambridge (USA) about 45% depreciation of joint-stock portfolios in the world markets, the expected climate change connected with are expected. a Corresponding author: annalapteva@mail.ru , (2016) DOI: 10.1051/ E S Web of Conferences e sconf /2016 ICSC 2016 3 6 3 0603010 03010 © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Green technologies and sustainable development is the principles at which development becomes steadier, and resources are used more rationally. They assume decrease in negative impact on environment – is the main line of green technologies. This development is "proceeding" ("self-sufficient"), that is such which doesn't contradict further existence of mankind and its development in the former direction. In this plan it is known that the emission of GHG which is directly connected with power component, can make negative impact on a condition of climate. To UrFU the break-through technique of the accounting of GHG so far on the example of the enterprises the supplementing a technique of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is mastered [1]. It is based on use of indicators of physical and chemical processes and gave more exact results when calculating GHG at the level of units (AF, OC, etc.) and the subsequent decrease in issue of CO2 at energy efficiency increase. Further this technique can be adapted for color metallurgy and chemical industry. Such approach is very important for transformation to the clever cities industrial and monotowns, such as Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Lipetsk, Cherepovets, etc. This work is also devoted to a problem of emission of GHG – carbon dioxide – when functioning one of the most power-intensive branches of the industry – ferrous metallurgy. There is a problem of formalization of definition of green technologies. For these purposes index of sustainable development – the indicators allowing to judge a state or change of an economic, social or ecological variable serve. The index of sustainable development determined by a formula is offered: KE = α1∙y1 + α2∙y2 + α3∙y3 (1) where α1 + α2 + α3 = 1 – weight coefficients; y1 – relative through emission of carbon dioxide; y2 – relative prime cost of the product received in some processes; y3 – relative through power consumption of this product. Relative through emission of carbon dioxide is defined as y1 = Ii/Imax (2) where Ii – specific through emission of technological process or a carbon trace, kg on t of production; Imax = 3000 – the greatest possible through emission of carbon dioxide in the considered processes, kg/t of production. Relative prime cost of a product is determined by a formula y2 = PCI/PCmax (3) where PCI – prime cost of a product in i process, ruble on t of product; PCmax = 30,000 – the maximum prime cost of a product, ruble on t of product. Relative through power consumption of a product is determined by a formula y3 = TFNi/TFNmax (4) where TFNi – specific power consumption of a product in technological fuel numbers, kg of equivalent fuel on t of production; TFNmax = 1,500 kg of equivalent fuel/t of production – the maximum power consumption of production. The offered index of sustainable development characterizes processes from the following points of view: emissions of greenhouse gas, expenses of work and materials, consumption of energy resources. Such indicator can be used for an assessment of various processes. In this article it is applied to an assessment of processes of production of cast iron and steel. In these processes the main formed greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide as other emitted gases (methane, carbon oxide, hydrogen) are a part of the secondary energy , (2016) DOI: 10.1051/ E S Web of Conferences e sconf /2016 ICSC 2016 3 6 3 0603010 03010

The modern "clever" cities are not only environmentally friendly cities, but also the cities in which it is developed industrial, including, metallurgical production.At the same time the problem of emission of the GHG exerting a great influence on an ecological situation is of great importance.The submitted report just is also devoted to the choice of technologies with the minimum emission of GHG.
The accounting of GHG according to plans of the Russian Federation becomes obligatory since 2016 for the enterprises with issue of GHG not less than 150 thousand tons of CO2, since 2017 from 50 thousand tons of CO2.Introduction of a carbon tax is planned, the preliminary cost of 1 ton of CO2 is designated in 15 dollars.Voluntary inventory of GHG of the enterprises and territories which in the long term can apply for recognition by clever is carried out.According to University of Cambridge (USA) about 45% depreciation of joint-stock portfolios in the world markets, the expected climate change connected with are expected.
Green technologies and sustainable development is the principles at which development becomes steadier, and resources are used more rationally.They assume decrease in negative impact on environmentis the main line of green technologies.This development is "proceeding" ("self-sufficient"), that is such which doesn't contradict further existence of mankind and its development in the former direction.In this plan it is known that the emission of GHG which is directly connected with power component, can make negative impact on a condition of climate.To UrFU the break-through technique of the accounting of GHG so far on the example of the enterprises the supplementing a technique of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is mastered [1].It is based on use of indicators of physical and chemical processes and gave more exact results when calculating GHG at the level of units (AF, OC, etc.) and the subsequent decrease in issue of CO2 at energy efficiency increase.Further this technique can be adapted for color metallurgy and chemical industry.Such approach is very important for transformation to the clever cities industrial and monotowns, such as Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Lipetsk, Cherepovets, etc.
This work is also devoted to a problem of emission of GHGcarbon dioxidewhen functioning one of the most power-intensive branches of the industryferrous metallurgy.There is a problem of formalization of definition of green technologies.For these purposes index of sustainable developmentthe indicators allowing to judge a state or change of an economic, social or ecological variable serve.
The index of sustainable development determined by a formula is offered: where α1 + α2 + α3 = 1weight coefficients; y1relative through emission of carbon dioxide; y2relative prime cost of the product received in some processes; y3relative through power consumption of this product.
Relative through emission of carbon dioxide is defined as where Iispecific through emission of technological process or a carbon trace, kg on t of production; Imax = 3000the greatest possible through emission of carbon dioxide in the considered processes, kg/t of production.
Relative prime cost of a product is determined by a formula where PCIprime cost of a product in i process, ruble on t of product; PCmax = 30,000the maximum prime cost of a product, ruble on t of product.
Relative through power consumption of a product is determined by a formula where TFNispecific power consumption of a product in technological fuel numbers, kg of equivalent fuel on t of production; TFNmax = 1,500 kg of equivalent fuel/t of productionthe maximum power consumption of production.The offered index of sustainable development characterizes processes from the following points of view: emissions of greenhouse gas, expenses of work and materials, consumption of energy resources.Such indicator can be used for an assessment of various processes.In this article it is applied to an assessment of processes of production of cast iron and steel.In these processes the main formed greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide as other emitted gases (methane, carbon oxide, hydrogen) are a part of the secondary energy resources which are used in metallurgical processes as fuel, burning down to carbon dioxide and water.
The following metallurgical conversions are allocated for which index of sustainable development are calculated: BF, Corex, Romelt, Midrex, Hyl-3, OC, AF [1][2][3][4].In processes of BF, Corex, Romelt cast iron is melted.In processes of Midrex, Hyl-3 sponge iron is formed.Cast iron or sponge iron are loaded into OC or AF in which steel is melted.The following tandems of technologies are analysed: BF + OC; BF + AF; Corex + AF; Romelt + AF; Midrex + AF; Hyl-3 + AF.At the exit of all combinations of repartitions for comparability the same productcrude steel was accepted.
Prime cost of crude steel is taken from [5].Product cost in Russia in the present is characterized by considerable instability.
The technique and formulas for calculation of TFN are taken from [11][12][13][14].Calculations are carried out with the following values of coefficients: α1 = 0.3; α2 = 0.5; α3 = 0.2.The priority is given to prime cost.Results of calculations of values of the index of sustainable development are given in table 1.In table 1 technological chains are located on increase in values of the index of sustainable development.As appears from calculations, the steel melted in AF from metal scrap has the minimum value of the index of sustainable development.As we see, AF on scrap, Hyl-3 + AF, Midrex + AF, tandem BF + AF at prevalence of scrap in furnace charge of AF enters in the five of the most priority processes on this indicator.
Thus, as appears from table 1, on values of the index of sustainable development first place is won by the processes which aren't connected directly with production of cast iron.Further processes in which in a varying degree in initial furnace charge cast iron is used follow.
Results of calculations with the following values of coefficients: α1 = 0.3; α2 = 0.2; α3 = 0.5 are given in table 2. The priority is given to through power consumption.The recommended processes provide considerable decrease in greenhouse emissions within the industrial city and green power.

Table 1 .
Ranging of processes on values of the index of sustainable development KE.