The Effectiveness of Building Permit Regulation for Green Open Space at Housing Estates: Case Study of Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

. Increasing demand for settlements steamed by population growth declines the quality of the environment specifically at urban area. The existing spatial planning could not able to prevent the change of land use for settlement and other infrastructures. The Act no. 26 of 2007 on spatial planning stipulates that green open space must reach 30% of the total area, consisting of 20% public open space and 10% private open space. The existing condition of urban area at Kendal Regency reach 245,6 million m 2 with 88.145,5 m 2 green open space or 0,036% out of total area. An effort to increase green open space in urban areas taken by the Government of Kendal Regency is by promulgating a local regulation stipulating that each housing developer request a building permit is obliged to provide a green open space at least 10 percent of the total housing area. This paper reviews the effectiveness of building permit regulation, the problems encountered and the concept proposed to make the local regulation work. The area of sample taken is three urban districts out of five urban districts, the resource persons chosen are those from relevant offices (Dinas) involved at the implementation of the local regulation. The data collection techniques employed are the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, social observation and informal interview. The data gathered will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.


Introduction
Physical development as an implication of population grow this inevitable because of the need for the development growth of residential areas, industrial estates, trade and service areas, and supporting facilities such as roads, terminals, ports, airports, etc [1]. The population's need for space for shelter, activities, and activity support is following the rate of population growth in a region.
The change of land use shows an increase in human needs, especially the primary need to build houses. Currently, the provision of housing has become a potential business project [2]. The increase in housing demand is driving the emergence of housing provided by housing developers. Land use change can not be denied occurs in every inch of the city, changing the original area of the natural area into the built area. Green areas are displaced into residential areas.
Therefore, the direction of development is not only focused on the acceleration of economic growth but also on improving the quality of human life through balancing between development and the environment. Development in a region must always consider the social conditions of the population and environmental aspects known as sustainable development. In the world that more urbanized, the need for sustainable urban and residential development is important [3].
The implementation of the concept of sustainable urban development began in the early 1990s, preceded by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992, and the 15th UNCHS in Jakarta 1995, which identifies key sustainable development measures for human settlements. The Commission demonstrates that sustainable development is not only a new way of environmental protection, but a 'new concept of economic growth that ensures justice and opportunity for everyone in the world without destroying natural resources and without reducing the world's carrying capacity'. In 1996, UNCHS or UN-Habitat expanded the concept of sustainable development for urban planning. That 'Settlement planning plays an important role to ensure management and urban development achieve sustainable development goals' [4].
The concept of sustainable cities is closely linked to economic development, protection of resources and the environment, which in turn leads to achievement of acceptable minimum quality of life [5]. And there needs to be an ongoing effort to address the issue of air pollution, congestion, human populations and the availability of green open spaces. A strong, healthy and habitable city depends on a healthy environment, a strong economy and adequate employment opportunities for its citizens [6].
Housing policies should be directed towards achieving sustainable housing development goals. Tolba's statement as quoted by Choguill [5], sustainable housing can be achieved with 4 (four) criteria, that is economically feasible, socially acceptable, technically feasible and environmentally friendly.
Government efforts to accommodate sustainable settlement fulfillment are held through the development of Green Open Space. Urban green open space is one of the important elements of the habitable city [7]. In principle, green open space is intended to suppress the negative effects of urban built environments, such as decreasing the rate of water absorption, increasing air temperature and humidity, pollution, etc. [8].
Increasing demand for settlements steamed by population growth declines the quality of the environment specifically at urban area. The existing spatial planning could not able to prevent the change of land use for settlement and other infrastructures. The Act no. 26  Through the mechanism of the technical requirements of the building permit expected growth of urban green space area following the growth of housing in urban areas, Kendal. The results of Kristianova's research [9] indicated that the supply of green open space in residential areas is often defeated by social and economic interests, such as the development of housing itself (densification) and the development of facilities both commercial services (parking) and community (places of religious activity) Additional facilities previously unplanned during the housing development planning.
This article applies the combination of visualization tools with a specialized analysis method to evaluate the effectiveness of building permit regulation for green open space at housing estates in Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This paper reviews the effectiveness of building permit regulation, the problems encountered and the concept proposed to make the local regulation work. The area of sample taken is three urban districts out of five urban districts, the resource persons chosen are those from relevant offices involved at the implementation of the local regulation. The data collection techniques employed are the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, social observation and informal interview. The data gathered will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.

Study Case
Figures and tables, as originals of good quality and well The area of sample taken is three urban districts out of five urban districts in Kendal Regency, Central Java. The locus of research include: Kendal District, Kaliwungu District, and Weleri District Three districts in the research samples selected with the justification that the three districts in the corridor of the north coast of Java that in fact the urban level higher than the urban areas are in the southern region of northern coastal road. Measurement of effectiveness is done by adapting the Satries et al. [10] method with the appropriate adjustment of research materials, then the formula used as follows:

No
Housing

Source: Spatial Analysis, 2017
The calculation results of the effectiveness of each housing then recapitulated and calculated the average value. Based on Arikuntoat Satries et al., Interpretation of the result of the percentage of the average value refers to the following table .  Based on the interpretation of the effectiveness value, the value of building permit effectiveness in the fulfillment of green open spaces of housing estates area can be determined.
Based on spatial analysis it is seen that the three districts have low effectiveness value in enforcement of building permit related to the fulfillment of green open space standard in housing estates area.

Expert Choice (EC)
Expert Choice (EC) v11 issued as one of the tools to help decision makers in making decisions.

Conclusion
The conclusions that can be drawn from the above description are: 1. By calculating the priority of indicators, criteria, and variables of maturity regulation implementation above, it can be designed the initial scenario of regulation implementation strategies.
2. In accordance with the results of the study, the effectiveness of building permit regulations in the fulfillment of private green open space standards in residential areas is influenced by input implementation, especially organizational internal characteristics (institutional goals, institutional climate, violation detection system, source of budget funds, incentives and disincentives, facilities and infrastructure, and sanctions). The second factor affecting effectiveness of regulatory implementation is actors characteristics (leadership, commitment, competence, the division of roles, and rational actors).
3. The third and fourth factors affecting the effectiveness of building permit regulations in the fulfillment of private green open space standards in residential areas are part of the implementation process, ie. management characteristics (duty and authority, implementation strategy, instrument implementation, responsiveness, coordination, communication, accountability, monitoring and evaluation). The last factor affecting the effectiveness of regulatory implementation is the factor deriving from the object of the regulation itself, namely Environment Characteristics (ie. rule of law, obedience, task Alignment, alignment of goals, policy alignment, and participation)