Research on the Tourism Space Structure in Lingui District of Guilin Based on the Development and Utilization of Landscape Resources

The 257 scenic spots in Lingui covered 5 main categories, 14 sub-categories and 26 basic types, in which there were 33 natural scenic spots and 224 humanistic scenic spots, featured by rich resources stock, humanistic landscape resources-based, and significant space agglomeration; the quality levels are 11 high-quality scenic spots that most of them have been developed, 57 good scenic spots and 189 ordinary scenic spots that have big development potential; of the 36 scenic spots developed so far, 7 are natural, and 29 are humanistic(22 of them have been oriented by cultural relic protection sites); from initial scattered-point to intensive scattered-point to point-axis period, they showed stepped and multi-center structure situation. We found that: 1) five levels of growth pole have been formed; 2) The influence mechanism of development on tourism space is: the theme park is the greatest, the natural landscape resources is secondary and the cultural landscape resources is the least, the former-residence -type cultural relics protection sites and traditional villages have a certain influence, and the influence of high-level landscape resources is big in general. Based on the above results, we can build the tourism space structure with “one ring, one core, one sub-core, and three axes”.


Introduction
The types of landscape resources are diversified and the quantity is rich.In recent years, the pace of development and utilization has speeded up, and the tourism space structure has changed accordingly; however, there exist unclear landscape resources, as well as unclear mechanism of the influence of landscape resources development and utilization on regional tourism space structure, not conducive to construct reasonable regional tourism space structure and promote tourism development.
Some scholars have researched the tourism space.Wu Bihu, et al. (1994) used different ways to classify the national tourism space, making a useful attempt for the relevant scholars to explore the space development models of tourism in different regions [1] .Han Jie (1992) made a classified research on the northeast China's tourism space [2] .Zhang Jixian, et al. (1988) made corresponding researches on tourism development area of central and western China respectively [3] .Many scholars have conducted empirical researches on Shaanxi, Three Gorges reservoir area, Hunan, etc. from diverse perspectives.Zhao Rong(1999) researched the tourism space in Guanzhong area, and analyzed the travel destination and trip space of Xi'an residents [4] ; Ma Yaofeng (1999) discussed and analyzed the space transference mode of overseas tourists of Xi'an [5] ; Zhang Liming [6] (2000), Li Guoping et al. [7] (2001) put forward development strategies for the cause and evolution of the Three Gorges reservoir Region; Xu Chunxiao put forward the development pattern of tourism space in Hunan to guide the reasonable development of regional tourism space; Liu Weiqiang(1993) researched the tourism space of Dali [8] ; Bao Jigang (2002) researched Guilin tourist space [9] ; Tian Zhimei(2005) researched the space structure optimization of tourism of Shanxi.However, based on the perspective of "development and utilization of regional landscape resources", there are few researches on the space structure of regional tourism.
In Part 1, After supplementing the basic types of Classification，Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources from the perspective of urban and rural planning, the landscape resources in Lingui District were classified and the characteristics were analyzed and the quality level system of landscape resources was built.In Part 2, the author combed the development and utilization of landscape resources and evolution characteristics of regional tourism space structure from space, time and structure dimensions; based on this, through the comprehensive development evaluation of scenic spots, the author researched the influence mechanism of the former on the latter.In the influence mechanism of the former on the latter.In Part 3, based on the research results of Part 1 and Part 2, the author built the tourism space structure in Lingui District.

Classification and Distribution
The perspective of classification of landscape resources is diverse.Classification， Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources is a national classification standard, and it divided the landscape resources into eight main categories, 31 sub-categories and 155 basic types [11] .This paper started from the perspective of urban and rural planning, and supplemented the basic types to 166.According to this, the classification of 257 scenic spots in Lingui District was shown in Table 2.1.Data Source: collected according to Research on development, utilization and protection of landscape resources in Guilin [12] Here: The 5 main categories, 14 sub-categories and 26 basic types accounts for 62.50%, 45.16%, and 15.66% respectively.The main categories include three types of natural landscape resources (physiographic, water area , and biological ) and two types of humanistic landscape resources (site and relic, architecture and facility); the sub-categories include seven types of natural landscape resources and seven types of humanistic landscape resources; the basic types include 12 types of natural landscape resources and 14 types of humanistic landscape resources.The total quantity of landscape resources is rich, dominated by humanistic landscape resources.The 257 scenic spots include 33 natural scenic spots and 224humanistic scenic spots, accounting for 12.84% and 87.16% respectively.For humanistic landscape resources, "ancestral temple", "residential building", "architectural sketch and bridge", etc., which can reflect the local culture, are in the majority.
The space agglomeration is significant.

Rating and Distribution
On the basis of the scoring criteria of evaluation illustrated in Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources, the value of elements, influence and value-influencing factors suitable for tourism or recreational development of 257 scenic spots were evaluated.The results were evaluated into five grades, as shown in Table 2.2, and its characteristics were as follows.Data source: collected according to Research on development, utilization and protection of landscape resources in Guilin [12] There are a certain number of high-quality landscape resources, more good landscape resources and the most ordinary landscape resources.There are 11 high-quality landscape resources belonging to Grade I and Grade II, 58 good scenic spots belonging to Grade III and Grade IV, accounting for 22.57%; there are a number of humanistic landscape resources, which although have historical and cultural value, got low scores in scoring items of "ornamental and recreational use value", "historical, cultural, scientific and art value", "scale, abundance and probability", "popularity and influence", "appropriate tour period or serviceable range" due to high repair costs, low entity integrity.It was rated as the fifth grade, a total of 188 scenic spots, accounting for 73.15%.
High-quality and good landscape resources are distributed in aggregation, mainly in the northern St, Wt, Wn, Lj, Lg, and the southern Hx, Lt.

Features of Development and Utilization of Landscape Resources
As of 2015, the number of developed and utilized scenic spots was 36, as shown in Table 3.1.The characteristics were as follows.
Note: four first-grade scenic spots, six second-grade scenic spots, seven third-grade scenic spots, eight fourth-grade scenic spots, 11 fifth-grade scenic spots, a total of 36 scenic spots.
Data source: collected according to Research on development, utilization and protection of landscape resources in Guilin [12] 1)Dominated by cultural relic protection units of humanistic landscape resources.
Among the developed and utilized landscape resources, the number of natural and humanistic scenic spots was seven and 29 respectively, accounting for 19.44% and 80.56%.Humanistic scenic spots are dominated by cultural relic protection units, up to 22, accounting for 73.33%; in the 23 cultural relic protection units, 22 have been developed, including one state-level unit, namely, Residence of Li Zongren in Liangjiang, and two autonomous-region-level units, namely, Shuangfeng Bridge in Nanbianshan and Liutang Mosque.The rest are municipal-level and county-level units.
2) The high-quality landscape resources have been developed almost, and good and ordinary landscape resources has huge development potential.
Among the developed and utilized landscape resources, there were 10 high-quality scenic spots, 15 good scenic spots, and 11 ordinary scenic spots, accounting for 90.91%, 26.32%, and 6.92% of the corresponding level of the total number respectively; the former has been basically developed, and for undeveloped scenic spots, there were 42 and 178 ordinary scenic spots, having huge development potential.
3)Uneven Distribution The developed and utilized landscape resources are mainly distributed in Hx, Wt, Lj, and St town.

Characteristics of Space Structural Evolution of Tourism Industry
1) The initial period of scattered-point spatial distribution 2) Intensive Period of Scattered-point Spatial Distribution (1987-2002)  Four scenic spots were developed, all belonging to humanistic landscape resources, including Xiongsen Bear & Tiger Mountain Village, Snake King Li Manor, and St Dayan Ancient Cultural Relic, Former Residence of Baichongxi in Hx.The latter two scenic spots were approved as the second batch of cultural relic protection units in 2001.The spatial distribution is intensive.
By 2015, there were 15 developed and utilized scenic spots, showing scattered-point spatial distribution overall.The extensive influence was small, and few links were existed between scenic spots, not forming direct and effective tourism industry space units.
3) The Formation Period of Point-Axis Space (2003-2015)  In this period, there were 21 newly developed scenic spots, including six natural scenic spots and 15 humanistic scenic spots.The six natural scenic spots include Butterfly Valley, Twelve Beach Drift, Lianhua Island, Liu Sanjie Tea Garden, Yijiangyuan and Hongxi Scenic Spot.In the 12 approved scenic spots of the third batch of cultural relic protection units, 11 were developed, which broke the scattered-point spatial distribution pattern, forming a multi-center balanced development model of tourism.
As shown in Figure 2.2 the tourism spatial distribution of 2015 showed the following characteristics.

① Stepped Distribution
The space development of tourism showed stepped distribution.The central and southern Hx and central and northern Wt had the most developed scenic spots, becoming the first gradient of regional tourism distribution; the central Lj, St, Lg, the northern Zy, and the southern Lt had relatively more scenic spots, becoming the second gradient; at the outskirts of the first gradient and the second gradient, including the northern Wn, Hs, the western Cd, and the southern Nb, the density of the space layout of tourism is low, becoming the third gradient.② Multi-center Developing Structure The natural landscape resources in the north are superior in conditions, forming tourism spatial distribution area of natural landscape resources; the humanistic landscape resources in the south are superior in conditions, forming tourism spatial distribution area of humanistic landscape resources; the two areas complete each other and form the magnetic double core of regional tourism.The central area enjoys the advantages of the two sides; relying on superior geographical conditions and infrastructure conditions, developing natural and humanistic resources together, forming the core area of tourism.The three areas promote and supplement each other, laying the basic space structure of regional tourism.

Influence Mechanism of Landscape Resource Development and Utilization on Tourism Space Structure
In order to clarify the competitiveness of developed and utilized scenic spots and their "contribution" to tourism space, the competitiveness evaluation index system of scenic spot needs building and the comprehensive development capacity of scenic spot needs calculating.

1) Comprehensive Index System of Tourism Space Structure
Comprehensively considering the scientificity, accessibility, objectivity, and comparability of scenic spot evaluation system, the competitiveness evaluation index system of scenic spot was built, as shown in Table 3.2.Data source: collected according to Research on development, utilization and protection of landscape resources in Guilin [12] The index weights were determined as follows.
A. Calculation of the total score of an index , T i is the total score of the i th index (i=26 in this paper), X ij is the score of the i th index obtained in the j th sample, and n is the number of samples (n=36 in this paper).B. Calculation of the total score of all indexes , N is the sum of score of all indexes, T i is the total score of the i th index (i=26), and n is the number of samples (n=36).

C. Calculation of the index weight
U i is the weight of the i th index (i=26), T i is the total score of the i th index (i=26), and N is the sum of score of all indexes.The results were shown in Table 3.2.
2) Analysis on Tourism Space Structure With relevant data of statistical department and the subjective scoring data of the tourists as the original data, this paper calculated the standardized value of each index by the standardized range and calculated the score of each scenic spot according to the index evaluation system, as shown in Table 3.3.Data source: collected according to Research on development, utilization and protection of landscape resources in Guilin [12] The scenic spots in Table 3.3 were sorted by the score and divided into 5 levels according to the score, as shown in Table 3.4.Level 1: the comprehensive evaluation value> 80.There is only one scenic spot at Level 1, that is, Roshan Lake Water Park Theme Park, which is the Level 1 growth pole of the development of tourism space.Level 2: 40< the comprehensive evaluation value < 80.There are three scenic spots at Level 2, including Liu Sanjie Tea Garden, Twelve Beach Drift, and Yijiangyuan Scenic Spot, which are the Level 2 growth pole.Level 3: 20 < the comprehensive evaluation value < 40.There are seven scenic spots at Level 3, including Former Residence of Li Zongren, Xiongsen Bear&Tiger Mountain Village, Snake King Li Manor, Huaping National Nature Reserve, Butterfly Valley, Lianhua Island Scenic Spot, and Hongxi Scenic Spot, which are the Level 3 growth pole.Level 4: 10 < the comprehensive evaluation value < 20.There are eight scenic spots at Level 4, including Dayan Ancient Cultural Relic, Former Residence of Bai Chongxi, Former Site of Provincial Normal School in Guilin, Guangxi, Hengshan Village, Yankou Village, Jiu Village, Shanwei Village, and Flying Tiger Heritage Park, which are the Level 4 growth pole with a certain attraction.Level 5: the comprehensive evaluation value <10.The scenic spots at Level 5 have weak attraction of tourists, which are the Level 5 growth pole with small contribution to the tourism. 3

) Influence Mechanism
The following conclusions can be found through analysis on Table 3.4.
① Theme park has a great influence on tourism space.For example, Roshan Lake Water Park Theme Park is Level 1 growth pole, which has been rated as National 4A Tourist Attraction after opening two years [13] .Data source: collected according to Table 3.3 ② The influence of natural landscape resources on tourism space is relatively great, while the influence of humanistic landscape resources on tourism space is relatively small.There are three scenic spots at Level 3, all of which belong to natural landscape resources; three are seven scenic spots at Level 3, of which three scenic spots belong to natural landscape resources and one belongs to humanistic landscape resource; the scenic spots at Level 4 and Level 5 belong to "site and relic" and "architecture and facilities", most of which are "temples, towers, bridges, and other buildings and structures".
③ The cultural relic protection units of former residence and traditional villages have a certain influence on tourism space.Former Residence of Li Chongren and Former Residence of Bai Chongxi are national cultural relic protection unit and Guilin municipal cultural relic protection unit respectively and are listed in Level 3 and Level 4 respectively; Yankou Village, Hengshan Village, Jiu Village, and Shanwei Village are traditional villages at Level 4.
④ Landscape resources at higher grade have a great influence on the tourism space as a whole.According to Table 3 According to the research results of the classification and distribution of landscape resources, grade evaluation, evolution characteristics of tourism space structure, the influence of landscape resources development and utilization on tourism space structure, etc., and by combining with the trend of road, this paper constructed the space structure of "one ring, one core, one sub-core, and three axes" of tourism industry, as shown in

Conclusions and Suggestions
1) There are a total of 257 scenic spots, covering 5 main categories, 14 sub-categories and 26 basic types, featured by diversified main categories and sub-categories, rich resources stock, humanistic landscape resources-based, and significant space agglomeration.There are Lj-Cd Agglomeration Zone, St-Lg Agglomeration Zone, Hx Agglomeration Zone, and Lt-Nb Agglomeration Zone.
2) Through evaluation and grade, the high-quality scenic spots reached a certain number, up to 11; the number of good scenic spots was more, up to 57; the number of ordinary scenic spots was the most, up to 189; high-quality and good landscape resources were distributed in aggregation.
3) As of 2015, the number of developed and utilized scenic spots was 36, whose spatial distribution was concentrated and was dominated by humanistic landscape resources; among the developed and utilized landscape resources, there were seven natural scenic spots and 29 humanistic scenic spots, and the latter includes 22 cultural relic protection sites; there were 10 high-quality scenic spots having been developed, which have basically been developed; there were 15 good scenic spots and 11 ordinary scenic spots; for undeveloped scenic spots, there were 42 and 178 separately, having huge development potential.After the initial period of scattered-point spatial distribution, intensive period of scattered-point spatial distribution, and the formation period of point-axis space, they showed stepped and multi-center structure situation.
4) Through the comprehensive evaluation of development of scenic spots, we found that: 1) five levels of growth pole have been formed; 2) the influence mechanism of development and utilization of landscape resources on tourism space is: the influence of the theme park is the greatest, the influence of natural landscape resources is secondary and the influence of cultural landscape resources is the least, the former-residence-type cultural relics protection sites and traditional villages have a certain influence, and the influence of high-level landscape resources is big in general.
5) According to the above research results, we can build a tourism space structure of "one ring, one core, one sub-core, and three axes".
The above research results provide reference for the space development needs of landscape resources and the space development and layout of tourism in Lg District, and also provide idea for researching similar topics; however, this article is not involved in the development and utilization direction of landscape resources, namely, "one ring, one core, one sub-core, and three axes", pending further study.If something is wrong in this paper, it has nothing to do with others, and the author will be responsible for it.

Figure 2 . 1 .
Figure 2.1.Current Distribution Status of Landscape Resources in Lingui District (2015) The 11 townships all have a certain number of landscape resources distribution, but they are mainly distributed in Hx, Cd, Nb, Lj, Wt, Lg, and St; in space, it shows the distribution trend of five agglomeration zones, namely, Wn, Zy, National Road 321 # of Wt, agglomeration zone in banks of Yijiang (Yijiang Agglomeration Zone), agglomeration zone in adjacent area of Lj and Cd (Lj-Cd Agglomeration Zone), agglomeration zone in adjacent area of St and Lg(St-Lg Agglomeration Zone), Hx Agglomeration Zone, agglomeration zone in adjacent area of Lt and Nb (Lt-Nb Agglomeration Zone), as shown in Figure 2.1.

Figure 4 . 1 .
Figure 4.1.Lingui District Tourism Space Growth Pole Core and Regional Tourism Space Structure of One Ring, One Core, One Sub-core, and Three Axes One ring, one core: one ring consists of the National Road 321 # Wt-Lg section, Xicheng Road, St-Nb Road St section, Yongfu-Liangjiang Road Suqiai-Liangjiang section, and Lj-Wt Road.On both sides of the ring, in addition to Liu Sanjie Tea Garden, the Level 1 growth pole of tourism space development, Former Residence of Li Zongren and Xiongsen Bear&Tiger Mountain Village, the Level 3 growth pole of tourism space development, and Dayan Ancient Cultural Relic, Former Site of Provincial Normal School in Guilin, Guangxi, Hengshan Village, Yankou Village, and Flying Tiger Heritage Park, the Level 4 growth pole of tourism space development, there are also Lj-Cd Agglomeration Zone and St-Lg Agglomeration Zone, having beautiful natural scenery and rich humanistic landscape resources, which is the core area of tourism space development.One sub-core, and three axes: Hx Agglomeration Zone.There are beautiful scenery, rich humanistic landscape resources along the Ancient Guilin-Liuzhou Canal, the Grade I landscape resource-National Wetland Park (under construction), which is the largest karst wetland in Asia, and the Level 4 growth pole core of Former Residence of Bai Chongxi, Jiu Village, and Shanwei Village, which have great development potential.It is the secondary core area of tourism space

Table 2 . 1 .
Classification Statistics of Landscape Resources in Lingui District

Table 2 . 2 .
Statistics of Rating Results of Landscape Resources in Lingui District, Guilin City

Table 3 . 1 .
Statistics of Development and Utilization in Landscape Resources in Lingui District In 1978, the state-level nature reserve-Huaping Nature Reserve was established in Hs; in 1986, the first batch of cultural relic protection units were approved, including Former Residence of Li Zongren in Lj, Lj Town Brick Tower, the Mosque in Wt , Bulwark of Shimendang Village in Hx and Road Monument for Village Construction, Bulwark of Chucun Village in Cd, Chastity Arch of Mrs. Shi, St Hengshan Stone Carving, the Mosque in Lt, Jixiang Bridge, the Shuangfeng Bridge in Nb, a total of 10 humanistic scenic spots.In this period, the landscape resources showed scattered-point space distribution.

Table 3 . 2 .
Evaluation Index Weight Value of Scenic Spots in Lingui District

Table 3 . 3 .
Statistics of Comprehensive Development Evaluation on Developed and Utilized Scenic Spots in Lingui District

Table 3 . 4 .
Statistics of Growth Pole of Tourism Space in Lingui District .1, Roshan Lake Water Park and Huaping Nature Reserve are at Grade I of Rating Results of Landscape Resources in Lg District, Guilin City and at Level 1 and Level 3 of Results of Competitiveness Evaluation Index respectively; Twelve Beach Drift, Yijiangyuan Scenic Spot, Yankou Village, Hengshan Village, and Jiu Village are at Grade III, of which the first two are at Level 2 and the latter three are at Level 4.