Determination Of Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu) of Coastal Urban Area of Semarang Indonesia

. This research aimed to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) pollutants in coastal sediment, Semarang. This research would be conducted in 2017 with the location of sampling and water quality measurement conducted at Usman Janatin Street, Semarang. The sample analysis would be conducted at the Diponegoro University Integrated Laboratory. In this research was focused on deep and width. According to some previous studies such as study done by Mancuso and Green (2010) that stated the TAL metals analysis results gave a wide scope of the concentration of metals in coastal urban area. Based on the analysis and result, the conclusion as follows:There was relationship between levels of heavy metals and external environment. The relationship was positive, it means the higher levels of heavy metals, the external environment would be more polluted. The lower levels of heavy metals, the external environment would be low polluted. The internal levels of coastal sediment could be used as an index to infer the state of the environmet. This heavy metals determination tool couldbe used to support policy and decision-making.


Introduction
Nowadays, there is increasing development among industries sectors and another sectors, whereas in urban area and rural area. The consequences of this situation or conditions, so in the urban areas, this come with the higher rate of urbanization. These things also make the increasing activities of housing, industry and another operatoinal sectors. The negative impact of these things are the higher waste or garbages. As we know, the waste can be solid wate or municipal waste. Waste or the solid waste can be divided as organic and inorganic waste. This arises from human activities and this waste must be managed well so the environment cannot endanger. According to data, the municipal waste condition has been the majority of proportion or composition from organic waste.
In the last decades, in Indonesia the heavy metals is the major problems because the heavy metals can accumulate in waters and not biodegradable [1]. Heavy metals are very dangerous and the heavy metals can pollute the environment include mercury, lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium, chromium and nickel that dangerous for human and animals [2]. Increased levels of heavy metals in water will result in heavy metals originally required for various metabolic processes may turn toxic and cause toxic effects on the biota [7].
Based on the background above, so this research will analyze about the determination of heavy metal (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu) ofcoastal sediment in urban Semarang, Indonesia.The objective of this study to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) pollutants in coastal sediment, Semarang, create a statistical model based on the result of test that will be obtained from costal sediments samples, and to make permite statements about pollution and change that occurs on the state of the environment in the urban catchment, creating databae on pollution control in the region and in the future to maintain biodiversity (to give the industrial activities-pollution permits-by official bodies for the protection of the environment in the state).
The benefit of this research is to find out the efforts in realizing low carbon development or low carbon communities in the development process.

Heavy metal
As we know, the heavy metals can be defined as the metal group that have the same criteria as the other metals. These heavy metals can be live in the living life.

Heavy Metal Characteristics
Naturally heavy metals exist throughout nature, but at very low levels. The origin of heavy metal ingredients into the waters is naturally divided by three, namely (a) coming from the coast including rivers and the erosion by wave and weathering of rocks, (b) coming from oceans resulting from volcanic activity in the sea, and ) [6]. [3] defines that pollution or pollution is a condition that has changed from the original form to a worse state. "Shifting form from the original form to this bad condition can occur as a result of the entry of pollutants or pollutants. Pollutants have toxic forces that can create adverse conditions from their original conditions, thus triggering pollution. "

Heavy Metal Resources in the Waters
"Heavy metals which are initially dissolved in river water are adsorbed by fine particles (suspended solids) and by the flow of river water is brought to the estuary. River water meets the tidal flow at the mouth of the river, so that fine particles settle in the mouth of the river. This is what causes the levels of heavy metals in the sediment estuary to be higher than the high seas".

The Influence of Heavy Metals to aquatic Organisms
Elements of heavy metals can enter into the body of marine organisms through food chains, gills, and diffusion through the skin surface. Heavy metals can accumulate in the body of the organism and will remain in the body for a long time as the accumulated poison [3]

The Effect of Heavy Metal on Humans
In addition to the negative effects of heavy metal toxicity, the most important and the main concern is its effect on humans. Several cases of metal poisoning in humans have been widely reported, so there is a special name against certain metal poisoning, for example in Japan, namely: "minamata disease" due to methyl mercury poisoning, "itai-itai disease" due to poisoning Cd acute poisoning from harmful metal It usually occurs in people who consume foods containing metals or because of the effect of drug administration [8].

Location and Period
This research will be conducted in 2017 with the location of sampling and water quality measurement conducted at Usman Janatin Street, Semarang. The sample analysis will be conducted at the Diponegoro University Integrated Laboratory. A= 0 B= 100 meter from A C= 100 meter from B D= 100 meter from C E= 100 meter from D F = Ocean 1 (100 meter from E) G = Ocean 2 (100 meter from F)

Variables 3.2.1. Dependent Variables 1. Deep and Width
In this research will focused on deep and width. According to some previous studies such as study done by Mancuso and Green (2010) that stated the TAL metals analysis results gave a wide scope of the concentration of metals in the soil sample locations.

Independent Variables
1. Location: Usman Janatin Street, Semarang in five location, that are A,B,C,D, E, F and G. Location A will be mark as 0 point, location B is 100 meter from A, location C will be 100 meter from B, location D will be 100 meter from C, location E will be 100 meter from D, location F will be 100 meter from E, location G will be 100 meter from F. Zinc is a bluish-white metal, a metal that is easy to forge and tough at temperatures between 110-1500C.

Cadmium(Cd)
Metal Cd is found in rocks calamine (zinc carbonate). Cadmium name itself is taken from the Latin name "calamine" is "cadmia".

Cupper(Cu)
In general, the entry of Copper into the environmental order can occur naturally and can also be non-natural. Naturally, copper enters into the environmental order as a result of various natural events.

Fish
In this research also add fish and muscles as the samples, that are 3 kinds ocean fish and 3 kinds of fresh water fish.

Sampling and Handling of Sediment Samples
Cutting of samples starting from the surface of the sample on the thickness of 0-2 cm, 9-11 cm and 18-20 cm [4]

Data Analysis
The data obtained are presented in the form of tables, graphs and compared with a predefined quality standard. Water quality data compared to seawater quality standard for marine biota based on Ministry of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004 Attachment III. The content of heavy metals of Pb and Cd in sediments is compared with the standards of quality of the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC), Netherlands, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA). The standard standard of heavy metals Pb and Cd can be seen in Table 1.

RESULT AND ANALYSIS
After make experiment, in 7 location, so the result as follows:    Table 2. It can be said that Cu at location A is the highest sedimentation level than Pb and Zn. While Cd is the lowest because <0.001mg / l. At a depth of 2 meters the level of heavy metals shows the highest level of 4 meters deep and 6 meters is the lowest. The thickness of the heavy metal to the 6 meters will deepen and the lower the pollution especially for Pb. Zn at location A is lower than 4 meters and 2 meters. For Cd there is no difference because it has the same number of all.
In Location B Cu is the highest sedimentation level than Zn and Pb. While Cd is the lowest because <0.001mg / l. At a depth of 2 meters the level of heavy metals shows the highest level of 4 meters deep and 6 meters is the lowest. For the lowest Pb (0.0023) is at 6 meters and the highest (0.115) is at 2 meters.Zn in the dominant heavy metals that found in Semarang.
In location C the Cu is the highest levels of sedimentation rather than Pb and Zn. Pb is the second highest levels of heavy metals and the third rank is Zn. Meanwhile Cd is the lowest one because < 0.001mg/l. In the deep 2 meters the levels of beavy metals showed the highest levels rather than the deep 4 meters and 6 meters is the lowest.
In location D the Cu is the highest levels of sedimentation rather than Zn and Pb. Zn is the second highest levels of heavy metals and the third rank is Pb. Meanwhile Cd is the lowest one because < 0.001mg/l. In the deep 2 meters the levels of beavy metals showed the highest levels rather than the deep 4 meters and 6 meters is the lowest.
In location G the Pb is the highest levels of sedimentation rather than Zn and Cu. Zn is the second highest levels of heavy metals and the third rank is Cu. Meanwhile Cd is the lowest one because < 0.001mg/l. In the deep 2 meters the levels of beavy metals showed the highest levels rather than the deep 4 meters and 6 meters is the lowest.
The number of Pb because it is more widely used by manufacturing companies in Usman Janatin Street. The highest Ph content is in location C and location E, because in Usman Janatin road at location C and E is 100 meters and close to the population, a lot of fiber there is waste of factory waste. . From the Table 3. it can be said that the fresh water fish (Gouramis, catfish and tiger barb) including in the area that fulfilled by Cu, Zn and Pb. The highest is Zn in this area.From the Table 4.2. it can be said that the ocean fish (Red snapper, tuna and cod) including in the area that fulfilled by Cu, Zn and Pb. The highest is Zn in this area.For water type in fresh water for Cu content has a value below the standard of 3.15, for Zn has a value of 12.35 which is still below the standard, for Cd has a value of 0.434 which means still below the standard, and Pb also has a value dibawha standard 5.75.When Cu falls into 3.15 then many tigerbarb live there. For the highest Zdungan Zn (12,35) many red snapper fish. For Cd when the highest content of 0.434 lots of fish una live there, while for Pb when entering the highest number of 5.72 many cod live there.Gurmai can survive in high BP while tigerbarb can survive in high Cu.

The relationship between levels of heavy metals and external environment
The average Pb metal content vertically shows a value that is not much different between the sediment layers. The highest average metal content of Pb was found in the top layer 2 meters deep and lowest in 6 meters deep. The high content in the upper layer, suspected because the top layer of sediment directly related to pollution inputs derived from activities around the water. The high content of heavy metal Pb at the bottom layer of sediment sampling was suspected due to the high dominance of the influence of the ballast water input derived from the shipping activity, related to the position of the sampling point A Location in which is the center of the voyage both locally and internationally. Increasing industrial activity around these waters, making the shipping activity also higher, in the end the entry of metal into the waters will vary, depending on the pattern of current and time at the deposition of ballast water containing heavy metals.
The relationship between the leacy metal level with the external environment as follows, the deeper in the sea, so will affect the lower level of sedimentation and the more far away from the coastal region indicated the lowest sedimentation.

The internal levels of coastal sediment be used as an index to infer the state of the environment
The river flow affects the increase of the number of parcels of water column and sedimentation caused by the erosion of land and wastes that are transported and carried to the estuary by the river. The concentration and vertical distribution of metals in sediments can be controlled by various factors such as particle size (granulometric composition), sediment mineral composition, carrier (eg hydroxide, carbonate, sulphide), sediment surface area, organic matter content, individual and Eh combined and pH, and other factors. The efficiency of various factors that affect the bonding and enrichment of heavy metals in sediments depends on the sedimentation environment, which is characterized by chemical composition, salinity, pH, redox potential and hydrodynamic conditions [5].
The internal levels of coastal sediment be used as an index to infer the state of the environment because the lower level ofcoastal sediment it will affect the state to make better environment and lower pollutions.

The heavy metals determination tool be used to support policy and decisionmaking
According to [5], the metals in the sediments can be in various forms and bonds, inter alia, as free ions and binding to carbonates, this form of metal is called a highly volatile metal that is easily released into the waters and easily absorbed by the organism (bioavailable). Metals can also bind to the Fe / Mn oxide and are referred to as reducible forms. The results of monitoring data should also be processed in a good database and standard format, given the many environmental problems that exist require speed in the process of searching files and the process of updating or adding data. The development of technology, monitoring process can be done on line or directly, especially in areas or areas that are considered critical and need continuous monitoring. Measurements on line monitoring can be done regularly at specified intervals or during critical events where the parameters measured far exceed the standard set. The results of monitoring data are very useful for evaluation of activities or programshas been and is running, whether there is improvement of environmental conditions or not. For example, on a stream that is being carried out the net program is measured in its initial condition, after the program has completed whether any improvements can be seen from the results of monitoring whether there are significant changes from the implemented program.

Conclusion
Based on the result and analysis, the conclusion in this research as follows: 1. There is relationship between levels of heavy metals and external environment. The relationship is positive, it means the higher levels of heavy metals, the external environment will be more polluted. The lower levels of heavy metals, the external environment will be low polluted. 2. The internal levels of coastal sediment can be used as an index to infer the state of the environmet. 3. This heavy metals determination tool can be used to support policy and decision-making