An Overview of Marine Mammals in Eastern Indonesia 2016: Implications for Marine Mammals Research and Conservation

. EasternnIndonesiaais known as the center of marine biodiversity of the world as well as habitat and marine mammal migration path. Not all marine mammal events in eastern Indonesia are well documented.tThe ’ purpose of this study was to determine ’ theooccurrenceoof marine mammals in ’ eastern Indonesia in 2016. Data collection done through observation, indepth interview with the community and experts. The results of this study were 8 (eight) occurrences of marine mammals which were in Mollucas, North Mollucas and West Papua Provinces with the highest incidence in August. That marine mammals were Duyung ( Dugong dugon ), Sperm Whale ( Physetermacrocephalus ), Risso’s Dolphin ( Grampus griseus ), and 2 types of unidentified Whales.The marine mammals exist were deliberately netted by people, stranded, trapped in fishing nets or deliberately commercialized. This marine mammals stranded occurence indicate the requirement of strategies development for handling these protected marine ‘ biota ’ to s tore their population.


Introduction
Indonesiahas a variety of species of Cetacea but few records related to its spread, especially from remote areas [1]. The spread of Cetacean in Indonesian waters has not been known for certain yet because research on Cetacean is still very rare [2]. Information on distribution, population size and behavior of cetaceans is not widely known to the world [3]. BBird

2 Data Collection
The data collected were data on the incidence of stranded marine mammals. The incidence of marine mammals stranded within the scope of this study is that marine mammals found on shore or shallow waters in wounded, meshed, live or dead, powerless and have no ability to return to their natural habitat by their own efforts [10].
The data used are secondary data obtained from 'Loka PSPL Sorong' (Regional Implementation Unit for Management of Coastal andmMarine Resources, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheriess) obtained through field observation, interviews andinformation from the community, information and reports from stranded mammal networks and speciesidentification from experts.Data collectiontimeframe starts from January to December 2016.

Data Analysis
The data recorded are month of incidence, scientific name of species, number of individual, condition, location of stranded, and handling. Information on the location of marine mammal events is described using Arc Map 10.4 based on the coordinate points obtained to determine the spatial distribution of stranded marine mammal in Papua, West Papua, Mollucas, and North Mollucas in 2016.

Results
There are 8 stranded marine mammal in Mollucas, North Mollucas, and West Papua involved 9 individual, 5 individual stranded, 2 individualdeliberately arrested, 1 individual using spectacle and 1 individual trapped in Um Island (Table 1).
Dugong became the most commonly stranded marinemammals and consumed by the community. The most commonly found stranded Cetaceans were from theOdontoceti. The most commonoccurrence of stranded is in August. Visual spatial location of stranded marine mammals presented on Fig. 2. visual spatial condition of stranded marine mammals presented on Fig. 3, and photos of stranded marine mammal presented on Fig. 4.

Discussion
This study provides information on the types and conditions of the diversity of Cetaceans and Sirenia found in eastern Indonesia along with the handling information that has been done.The population of Cetaceans in Indonesia is not known for certain, as few population surveys conducted [11] including for the Sirenian Order (Dugong dugong) can only be estimated by population distribution covering Sulawesi (Buton, Wakatobi, Bunaken, Takabonerate), NTT (Sumba, Lembata, Flores, Kupang Bay, Komodo Island), Mollucas (Aru, Lease Seram, Halmahera), Papua (Ujung Kulon, Cilacap, Cilegon, Labuhan, SegaraAnakan ) and Bali [12]. Surveys in eastern Indonesia were conducted in Bird's Head [1] and in 2011-2015 a survey of Cetacean and Sirenian presence in Raja Ampat [13] has been conducted. These studies have not produced estimates of population numbers only noted species diversity and potential threats to the population except Krebstudy of 35-55 individual Dolphins in the Mahakam [11].
Through predation in the depths of the ocean and its excretion, Sperm Whale stimulates the entry of carbon into the deep sea, Whales removes 2x10 5 tons more carbon from the atmosphere than they add during the respiration process. The whale population acts as a carbon sink [14].Likewise with Sirenia who has a reciprocal relationship with the existence of Seagrass Habitat. Seagrass is an important carbon storage. This system is known as blue carbon. The mechanism ofblue carbon starts when carbon is absorbed by coastal vegetation which is then transferred and stored in parts of plants and sediments. Carbon absorption can occur through photosynthetic processes of phytoplankton and carbon stored in deep sea sediments. 1 ha of Seagrasswith small biomass, can store carbon comparable to 1 to 2 hectares of sub tropical forest [15].

Summary
Indirectly, maintaining the presence of marine mammal populations and their habitat can help reduce carbon emissions globally. The data of stranded marine mammal is expected to provide additional information for research, population estimates, distribution, specific species in eastern Indonesia, marine mammal conservation planning in Indonesia and as a basis for more comprehensive study.
Thanks to 'Loka PSPL Sorong' (Regional Implementation Unit formManagement of Coastal and Marine Resources, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheriess) who has provided information support this paper.