Study Amendment of Post-Field Classification of Illegal Gold in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province

, Illegal mining activities in the kolaka province is one of the mines whose location is in the conservation area of nature tourism park. Mining by means of dredging with an average depth of up to 15 meters and indiscriminate stockpiling after mining, using mercury chemicals (hg) so make the land damaged and unproductive, changes in the landscape and damage the physical properties of the soil that makes the soil pH becomes sour, so as to make soil quality low, dust texture increased and soil compaction that makes soil chemistry decreased, so can not support the growth of plants around the mine, the occurrence of heavy erosion and loss of top soil. the mining area reaches 50 hectares which damages the soil quality and removes vegetation around the area.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country rich with some potential natural resources. The natural wealth makes Indonesia as one of the countries that have a large mining area. Mining land is spread across various islands in Indonesia. The natural wealth is explored to meet human needs. Some problems arise due to mining activities ranging from the emergence of various diseases due to decreasing environmental quality and the  activities continue to be done, will have a major impact on the environment and plants in the mining area [19]. and livestock products that bring negative impacts to humans who consume them [10].
Although considered to be the triggers of an environmental degradation event, the most serious threat of them turns out to be mercury (Hg) contamination. Mercury in the effort to separate the gold from the carrier material then mercury mixed with wastewater then pollutes the ground water and river. Even in 2008 artisanal mining was considered one of the ten causes of the worst and most severe pollution in the world [5]. Mercury froze at -38.9°C and boiled at 357°C [9]

Problems and Methods
This study aims to determine the physical properties of

How mercury (Hg) works
For example small-scale gold mining or gold mining people. Processing of ore is done by amalgamation process where mercury (Hg) is used as gold binder. In the traditional gold amalgamation process conducted by the population, mercury can be released into the environment at the washing and leaching stage.
In the washing process, waste that is generally still containing mercury is discharged directly into water bodies or on the ground. This is because the mercury is mixed / split into fine grains that are difficult to separate in the milling process that is done simultaneously with the amalgamation process, so that in the washing process, mercury is carried in the waste/tailings. [6].
The mercury metal is identified as one of the elements with high toxicity properties and the ease of undergoing transformation into a more toxic form [7]. Mercury endangers human life through the process of food chains. The mercury in the soil will be absorbed by the plant and then biomagnifications process occurs. [8] Contamination of heavy metals in the soil, one of which mercury can be remedied by biological, chemical, or physical remediation.

Mercury Content on Land
The soil has a permeable property where water flows through the pore spaces that exist between the grains of the soil. Permeability demonstrates the ability of the soil to pass water structures and textures as well as other organic elements also take part in raising the rate of inflation and lowering the rate of water. Soil texture is one of the physical properties of soil, as well as permeability. Permeability can affect soil fertility.
Different permeability with more drainage refers to only water flow processes, permeability may include how water, organic materials, mineral materials, air and other particles carried along with water will be absorbed into the soil.
Measurements of soil permeability are carried out by measuring the volume of water coming out on the soil samples used. In sampling, it takes an iron tube about 40 cm long to be immersed in the soil. Once immersed approximately at a depth of 30 cm, the iron tube is removed. Soil in the iron tube that will be sampled and tested in the soil mechanics laboratory.
The permeability value is expressed in units of cm/sd. To determine the permeability value (k) in the laboratory, the tool used is a permeater. [6]

Mercury in rocks
Mercury is rarely encountered as native mercury in nature and usually forms the minerals of cinnabar or mercury sulphide (HgS). Mercury sulphides are formed from hydrothermal solutions at low temperatures by means of cavity filing and replacement. Mercury is often associated with other sulphide metal deposits, such as Au, Ag, Sb, As, Cu, Pb and Zn, so that in mineralized regions of the root gold usually mercury content and some other heavy metals [11].
The average abundance of mercury and some heavy metals in un-mineralized rocks can be seen in Table 1.

Vegetation of land
In the former gold mining area there is usually a natural succession. The early state of secondary forest which later became the expanse of sand due to gold mining. Over time, the land in the form of expanse of sand slowly overgrown by grass or pioneer plants. [12] Suggested that secondary succession is a pattern of changes in vegetation due to environmental disturbance, which causes the area not to be vegetated to be gradually regenerated [13].

Conculsion
Based on the existing problems, when doing the mining we should anticipate by reducing the use of mercury (Hg) and excavation of the soil prior to mining should the top soil be stored and not mixed function to recover after post mining.