The Analysis on Continous Development Strategy at Farming Production Centre of Mifee Program In Merauke Regency

Merauke, in 2010, arranged a program of Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate (MIFEE) which was an alternative program to solve food crisis and nation's energy oriented to integrated farming development. MIFEE program needed wide enough area that was 1.2 million of acre affecting the enviornment and society. This study aims to arrange an effective, eco-friendly, and continous strategy to develop the Farming Production Centre (KSPP) MIFEE in Merauke. The study for 7 months (November 2016 to June 2017). The analysis methods used were SWOT and AHP. The results show that development strategy of KSPP MIFEE Program in Merauke is Rapid Growth Strategy. This strategy is suitable with position requiring progressive strategy to support growth through some strategies can be implemented ; The main strategy is forming special force to manage KSPP MIFEE Program in Merauke involving stake holders to support national food, reduce dynamics at region, and receive aspiration with 0.241 point, and by socializing Program to the residents with 0.221 point, by improving the ability, skill, and capacity of human resources supported by local-wisdom-based education with 0.122 point, by developing eco-friendly farming diversification and low external input that can reduce the resistency of society with 0.114 point.


INTRODUCTION
MIFEE program is a wide scale activity of food estate farming using high input managed by modern management, dense capital, and emphasizing local wisdom in terms of environmental management and conservation technique. Farming management is always related to the needs of water supply and land capacity as natural resources connected to each other and factors succeeding farming program. MIFEE final purposes are the improvement food supply in Indonesia, the improvement of Bruto Regional Domectic Product (PDRB) per capita in Merauke and saving National Deficite by reducing food import (1).
Merauke is agraria area and the agriculture sector is a dominant one because the natural resources supply can be the foundation to increase region competitiveness and source income. The area development for farming conservation in wide scale cannot be done by government without any stakeholders, privates, and society get involved as the important element of the development at farming development area (2).
The purpose of this study is the arrangement of development strategy on KSPP MIFEE Program in Merauke, and the integrated and continous balance of importance between economic, social, and environmental growth. This strategy is expected to contribute to the development process for environmentally sound area management to realize developing low carbon society.

DATA AND METHODS
The data used to review the development strategy at KSPP are internal and external condition at KSPP MIFEE Program. This condition includes physical condition (positioning and natural resources), economic, social, culture, civilization, and regional infrastructure.

The Identification of Strategic Factors on KSPP MIFEE program Development
The effect of KSPP MIFEE Program development can be analyzed using SWOT by categorizing them into external factors (opportunity and threat) or can be said as direct impact. Meanwhile, indirect impact is categorized into internal factors (strength and weakness). Both factors give positive effect coming from opportunity and strength and negative effect coming from opportunity and weakness.

Strength
The explanation of each strategic factor as strength point is: Merauke government has strong will to realize the Centre of National Food Production (KSPPN) in Eastern Indonesia. Huge potential of Merauke needs to be maintained well to produce farming commodity and later improve social prosperity in Eastern Indonesia. So that, it needs integrated and systematic planning to optimal and continous results.

The potential Natural Resources (land and water supply)
The development area of KSPP MIFEE Program is located inside River Stream Area of Bian, Kumbe, and Maro rivers (DAS Bikuma). DAS Bikuma is divided into 3 parts, Upstream; Ulilin, Oligobel, and Muting District, Medium; Okaba, Kurik, Tanah Miring, Jagebob, and Sota District, Lower; Okaba, Kurik, Semangga and Merauke District. In other words, Merauke is the downstream of DAS Bikuma, especially river stream area of Maro. The stream is in the northern Merauke. The width of DAS Bikuma is 19,534.79 km 2 with water resource potential of 593.6 m3/s (3)

The will of people to improve the prosperity
The relatively low economic generates the people to improve it. The will to improve it by taking advantages of shore area resources is a good strength in continous managament and conservation of shore area in the future. This will is expected to be realized wisely and continously without causing any permanent harms to shore area ecosystem.

Conducive atmosphere of socio-culture in the society
The socio-cultural atmosphere among people in Merauke is considered as conducive. It is shown by the relationship between the origin tribe Marind Anim and other tribes; Muyu, Mappi, Asmat, some transmigrants including from Java, Maluku and Makassar brought by government's transmigration program who are living in harmony.

Weaknesses
The explanation of each strategic factor as weakness is:

The absence of special team handling MIFEE Program in Merauke
The absence of special team handling MIFEE Program in Merauke causes less of data and information on development area of MIFEE Program. This little information causes difficulty for investors in getting detail information on potential and development area, so investors come and communicate directly with the owner of the land will be used as development area. This causes

Sectoral Management
Sectoral management is centered to technical institution handling MIFEE Program. The development of the program is not yet integrated between each institution and another. This causes the development to run in different paths, such as ; the project on Agriculture Development for Rice was handled by Agriculture Department of Merauke, while the irrigation building as supporting program of food plant of rice was handled by other government service under the ministry, and same with supporting infrastructure such as roads and bridges, , so the process happens is not connected to the area of rice field crop.

The dependence on central government for activities funding
The development of MIFEE Program in Merauke is very dependent on central government subvention considering the development target is huge and needs much cost.
The absence of subvention from central government causes regional government to miss the program. It is concluded from the reality that the project running now is the one funded by central government.

Lack of skillful human resources
The quality of human resources is determined by education level and skill owned by farmers. Limited skillful human resources especially in terms of science and technology is related to industrial development project; oil palm plantation, sugar cane, and cotton; causing less of contribution in MIFEE program so the result is less than expected. Low quality of human resources especially local farmers is influenced by low education level.

Social jealousy
Based on field observation, social jealousy is commonly caused by some factors ; unfinished land compensation problem between investors and family owning the land, involvement of people owning the land as workers in company operation, and different wages between local people and comers.

Opportunity
The explanation of each strategic factor as element of opportunity is;

The possibility to expand the croppping area
The land potential is 2.491.821,99 Ha, with 1.9 millions Ha expandable wet-land potentential and 5.91 Ha dry land (Food Crop Agriculture Department, 2013). Wet-land and dry-land make it possible for Merauke to expand the cropping area both for wet -land crop like beans and rice and dryland crop like coffee, rubber tree, cotton, and oil palm plantation.

Operational and rehabilitation fund asisstance
from Central Government MIFEE Program making Merauke as national food supply as stated in government policy named as Masterplan on Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia Economic Growth (MP3EI) and implied by giving operational ad rehabilitation funding aimed to accelerate the process of program operation.

The possibility on farming diversification
Diversification can be done in two ways; 1) create more farming activities except chicken breeding and fishery 2) add more various plants on one farming land, for example by planting corn on area of ricefield (tumpangsari system), or planting plantation crop among farming crop or using the land to develop cattlebreeding.

The use of new technology to improve farming productivity
The use of new technology to improve farming productivity at the development of MIFEE Program in Merauke is important in consideration of area width; 1.2 million hectares. The new technology used such as modern farming tools (land clearing, planting and harvesting tools), best quality seeds, various fertilizer and chemical drugs to improve productivity and overcome pest.

The law protection
The

The compatibility with Regional Policy RTRW Merauke Regency
Merauke Government thorught RTRW program has issued the development area of KSPP. Huge land need is aimed to avoid cash with conservation and protection area. Regional Government of Merauke issued Regional Policy Number 14 in 2011 about the Planning of Spacial Area Merauke regency.

The investors supporting MIFEE Program Merauke
The investors will to invest their money to Farming Production Centre Cluster (KSPP) MIFEE Program is really high. The report from Investment Agency and Integrated Permission Service in 2016 stated investors interested in investing their money to KSPP MIFEE are 32 companies in fields of ; 8 sugar cane plantation companies, 8 oil palm plantation companies, 3 food crop development companies, 8 IUPHHK-HTI development companies, 1 industrial wood shale company, 1 clean water development company, 1 electrical and engineering company, and 1 IUPHHK-HA company.

Threat
The explanation of each strategic factor as element of threat is;

Land conversion for non-farming activities
Land conversion is considered as a result from land development. Mostly, land conversion is aimed to fulfill the needs caused by population growth leading to demand on higher life quality. Land conversion in Merauke is unavoided. The clearing land for MIFEE program causes demand on land and job fields. The increase numbers of workers runs consequently with the higher demand on residence. Therefore; the land used to be purposed as farming conservation is changed to residence and industry.

Environment polution
The land spared for MIFEE program in Merauke is 1.2 million hectares where ± 90 % comes from land clearing in forest. This change of function from forest to plantation affects the amount of glasshouse emission produced as big as 228 thousand tons CO2e. It is as much as 30% of Carbon in natural forest in eastern Indonesia. This farming expansion program will burden government in reaching the target of reducing gas emission as much as 26% in 2020.

Water demand increase
1.2 million hectares Land conversion from forest to monoculture plant for MIFEE Program causes decrease in water level debet and increase surface runoff. (4) Stated the decrease of debet because of land conversion into monoculture plant is caused by the difference water demand between forest and monoculture plant which influencing the value of water surplus and leading to debet changing. The water demand in huge amount for plantation will influence water debet on rivers nearby. This will affect people activities who use rivers as spring and living source.
Stated the change in land using pattern affect the decrease of water availability due to higher seasonal fluctuation signed by flood and extreme drought (5). The change on land using by expanding water-resist surface causes lack of infiltration, decrease underground water recharge, and increase runoff. The decrease of water surface will directly affect decrease on water debet and increase on runoff and increase of debet

Loss and damage bio-diversity
During 2005-2006, the damage on tropical forest reached 59.3 million Ha from 127 million Ha total Indonesian Forest causing 30% species of tropical forest flora and fauna extinction. Stated about 4 to 8 percents from the exist species will be extinct in the next 25 years (6). The process of land conversion giving biggest impact to the loss of bird species, endemic flora and fauna, and the damaged ecosystem is land clearing. Land clearing activity causes many endemic flora and fauna extinction and habitat fragmentation and the occuring of brand new habitat.

The reluctant to work on agricultural sector
Based on field observation, there are some factors causing the decrease on number of agricultural workers ; (1)Internal factor that is economic aspect where farmer is a high risk job due to unpredictable season causing the production of crop to be unreliable to meet the needs of living (2) External factor that is unpredictable nature factor and converted function of land from farming to nonfarming.

The importance and social conflict
The importance and social conflict during MIFEE Program in Merauke is irressistable. It is because the area is huge. The observation result showed the development is highly conflictual. Various resistence to reject MIFEE Program came from local, scholars, researchers, and nongovernmental organizations. The occuring resistance shows conflict happening in socio-environmental conflict dimension. The resistance showing up is commonly related to social and environmental changing as the results from importance crash in viewing land maintainance rights. Land is viewed by locals as primary needs to fulfill daily needs of food which then is crashed with land authorities of some companies with concession permission in the scheme of food estate development.

Internal-External Matrix
Based on analysis results, the priority of SWOT components in terms of KSPP development in order are; Internal factors of Strength with score 0.483 (48.30%), weakness with score 0.120 (12.00%), and external factors of opportunity with score 0.272 (27.20 %) and threat score 0.124 (12.40%). The priority of SWOT components of Farming Production Centre Cluster (KSPP) MIFEE Program in Merauke are shown in Table Figure 1. To know the composition between the SWOT components, the scoring based on Saaty scale is done in accordance with each keyperson opinion. The scoring results are shown in Table 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201873 , Based on Table 1, the Internal factor component (Strength) with highest score is the existence of MP3EI stating Papua as the national centre of Food Supply, Fishery, Mine and Energy development, and Merauke is food supply barn (0.351) and the existence of Natural resource potential (land and water supply) (0.307). The analysis results of Weakness show the highest score coming from leack of skill full human resources (0.269), and the absence of special team (0.232).
External factor of opportunity with the highest analysis score is the investors supporting MIFEE Program Merauke (0.163) and the use of new technology to improve farming productivity (0.160). While the external factor of threat is the importance and social conflict (0.245) and the loss and damage of bio-diversity (0.224).
The strength factor has total score of 3.658, while weakness has total score of 1.502, the score of opportunity factors is 2.323 and threat factor is 1. According to the result of field analysis, MIFEE Program nowadays has not run as expected because of some complex obstructions and different perception between investors, government, and local people. The data from BPMP2T of Merauke in 2016, from 32 investors; 12 companies have operated, 15 of them are active but not yet operated and 5 are inactive companies (7). The questions from special rights people (hak ulayat) about land ownership and the compensation dominantly handled by investors (PMDN dan PMA) can trigger ownership conflict, socio-cultural conflict, and the availability of structures and infrastructures of farming, technology and political issues which can obstruct the MIFEE Program development.
Considering the usefulness of MIFEE Program to increase independence and national nobility on national food supply, Regional Government of Merauke has strong will to realize National Farming Production. Centre Clusters (KSPPN) in Eastern Indonesia. Huge potential of Merauke needs to be managed well to produce farming commodity boosting people's prosperity in eastern Indonesia. So that, there is need to form a team or agency specially managing KSPP MIFEE Program to straighten commitment on National Food Politic, reduce dynamics and its effects, and receive people with ownership rights' aspiration. Introduction to KSPP MIFEE Program is considered important to help understanding to stakeholders, government, privates (investors), people with ownership rights, and development supervisor. It is important so all aspects can understand the meaning and aim of the KSPP MIFEE Program development.
The socialization of KSPP MIFEE Program development is meant to put perception, assessment, understanding, and steps on the same page to development food estate. It is started from regency level to village level. It is considered important as the beginning step since the development involves many aspects and importance. The target of the socialization is regional government board, private, and local people in general, especially those living around KSPP MIFEE Program.
The socialization can be done in formal and informal approach. The former is related to direct socialization through workshops, public consultation, or focus group discussion by involving all stakeholders on level of regency, districts, and village so there is no one feeling left behind and this must be done continuously so they can understand the meaning and purposes of this development program. Informal approach can be done through religious activities at churches, mosques, women's activities, etc. Socialization can also be done by involving government from the level of districts, or villages through cooperation with self-funded agencies to give understanding with interpersonal approach.