Investigating the capability of Smart City in Tehran

The present research has sought to identify the features and capabilities of the smart city and their status in Tehran, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of this city in comparison with the smart city. For this purpose, first, the models and foundations of the smart city and its features presented by other researchers have been studied. The result of this study was to categorize Smart City features into six categories. The field survey of the topic by descriptive-survey method showed that these characteristics are confirmed by the statistical community as the characteristics of the smart city. With the ranking of 50 effective features, in addition to identifying important features in each category, 10 characteristics were identified as the most effective characteristics. The results show that among 50 characteristics, Tehran has only a relatively good status in eight characteristics. In other words, 84% of the characteristics in Tehran are not well-suited. The existence of such a situation cannot be ruled out by the integrated management factors on the affairs of the city of Tehran; there is no long-term plan for Tehran, and the relationship between people and government and the authorities is not related to partnership and cooperation.


Introduction
In the cities all over the world is a very disturbing trend in urban planning facing a problem of the future of the planet. The prognosis is that more than 5 billion people by 2025 will life in the cities, what occupies more than 75 percent of the world's population. This enormous urbanization process eve now causes a lot of socioeconomic problems, especially in developing countries. The way how to reduce the negative effect is sustainable urban development, as an essential component of the long-term vision of the community human being. Sustainable development, in fact, involves the process of socioeconomic, physical and environmental quality that guides members of local communities to the production and to the rebuilding of a purposeful life for the realization of sustainability dimensions. From that point of view, urban planning strategy should be aimed on achieving sustainable development and promoting the quality of the urban environment by balancing the spatial distribution of land use through "sustainable city form" [1][2][3][4][5]. At the end of the 20th century, inspired by the scientific foundations of sustainable development, a new approach called "urbanization" and "smart growth" has been considered to sustain the spatial form of cities. In the era of globalization, the orientation of urban planning patterns in line with the optimal and sustainable land use mainly relies on the theoretical foundations of the conception of "smart city". World urban planning experience considers the smart city to be a process for static results in which increased employment of citizens, vital infrastructure, social capital and digital technologies will make a city more liveable and better responsiveness to challenges. A smart city means the integration and effective unification of physical, digital and human systems in the environment built to achieve the citizens' sustainable and prosperous future. A smart city is a city with all its vital infrastructure including roads, bridges, tunnels, railroads, subways, airports, docks, communications, water, power, and even main buildings to optimize resources consumption and provide comfort ability and security of people`s life. In general, we can say that the concept of a smart city is comprehensive and incorporates different domains, and can rely on this complexity, pillars, and characteristics to advance the path to urban development towards sustainability [6][7][8][9].

Fig. 1. Tehran city map
This article is devoted to the Tehran city as a metropolis with many problems. The population of Tehran is over 10 million people and its area is only 6 million, and because of this, the construction projects and services, however much done, alone will not meet the needs of the city of Tehran with this high population density. The intelligence of Tehran is particularly important because it is multiplying its population capacity. Recent studies also indicate that Tehran is ranked 28 in the poorest cities of the world in terms of quality of life. Considering the potential of the concept of the smart city, Tehran's metropolis can be upgraded in the domestic and international arena, placing it among cities that are moving towards sustainability (figure 1).
Considering the stated issues and the location of Tehran, the capabilities and requirements of creating the smart city of Tehran and more precisely the intelligence of Tehran should be investigated. Therefore, in this research, it is possible to answer questions such as whether Tehran has the potential for becoming a smart city and what are its requirements and infrastructure [10][11][12].

Research method and data
This research sought to answer two questions: 1. What are the general and specific characteristics and requirements of intelligent city? 2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Tehran to become a smart city?
The aim was to do the descriptive -analytic research of main challenges of smart city and then to apply this analytic method for Tegran city. The first step was to identify the characteristics of Smart Cities. Then we collect initial data for research and the data collecting tool was a researcher-made questionnaire to scale ranking position of every character feature. Finally, for analyzing the data obtained from questionnaires completed by the sample population one-sample t-test , Friedman test, and test Kolmogorov -Smirnov have been used.

Fig. 2. Smart City model
In this research, Smart City characteristics have been evaluated on five variables of the smart economy, smart people, intelligent transportation, intelligent living, and intelligent governance (figure 2).
In response to the first question, according to the findings of the review, it was observed that researchers have presented numerous features for a Smart City model that were divided on six classes of features: • Smart economy -18 properties; • Smart people -5 properties; • Intelligent transportation -7 features; • Intelligent life -5 properties; • Smart Governance -5 properties; • Intelligent environment -10 properties.
Taken together, these characteristics in this study led to the identification of the 50 features. In addition to the identification and characterization of Smart City, the next ranking is based on the importance of these features in a smart city. The respondents for the rating were specialists in the field of urban planning, management and urban environment technologies.

Implementation
This model and the results of the ranking were the base to the response to the second question and the study shows that 84% specificity in Tehran is not in good condition of smart city. Among 50 features were underlined main priorities for the extraction, using the results of the fourth quarter, based on a rule of thumb such as the Pareto principle -20% Features considers as the most important factor. We underline 10 characters as the most important feature of the respondents considered.
In table 1 there are the detailed analysis of the current situation in Tegran on the basis of this rating is shown.
The results of the ranking can be seen: 1. "The application of information and communication technology infrastructure", "infrastructure The Broadband appropriate" and "favourable environment for economic growth" ranked first and third respectively in the smart economy.
2. In the intelligence community, the three characteristics of "creativity and innovation", "high level of education for citizens" and "people's participation in the affairs of the city" are more important. 3. "The system The Efficient transportation", "physical infrastructure (road The What, railways, etc.)" and "easy access to public transportation and local" are a more important component of intelligent transportation.
4. Intelligent Life component features "access Citizens To Services Health And Health", "Housing Suitable And Level access To That To entire Citizens" and "charm Tourist Location Life" is of paramount importance. 5. Intelligent governance component features "integrated urban management and coordination of institutions", "inclusive e-government" and "the cooperation and participation of the people in urban affairs" are more important.
6. Smart media component features a "management Smart Sources Water", "future the door Management Sources" and "Integrated" Infrastructure Urban" are more important.
7. Excluding three properties "citizens' access to health services", "Easy access to public transportation and local" and "Application infrastructure The Information and Communication Technology", which has a relatively good status, the status of the other seven characteristics are inappropriate.
Another analysis of all collected data allows us to form the list of strengths and weaknesses of Tehran city according to the Smart city model. The strengths and weaknesses of Tehran in connection with the features of a Smart City are shown in the table 2.
The results showed that in Tehran resources and management challenges face serious to critical water and energy resources. To appear to be due to the lack of a comprehensive long-term plan as a result of short-term oriented program planners and decision-makers is a senior.
In terms of infrastructure, physical as well as the city's usual practice is not desirable. Such a situation can be traced to several factors: