Engineering and Technical Support of Territories for Implementation of Renovation Projects of the Housing Stock

This scientific article researches features of preparations for the construction of renovation projects areas on the example of the city of Moscow. The purpose of the article is to examine and study features of preparations for the construction of renovation projects areas, these feature’s being one of the factors determining energy efficiency activities application at a construction site. Statistical data compilation method, regulatory documents examination method and method of review, comparison and consolidation of information are used in this paper. In the context of the research engineering equipment provision of housing stock renovation sites is analysed and renovation areas classification based on water, heat and power supply system’s provision is provided. As a result of the analysis of five renovation areas, a number of specific features of renovation areas engineering equipment provision are identified. For the most part Moscow renovation areas are divided into two forms: energydeficient (EP) which lack reserve margins of fuel and power resources; energy-excessive (ER) which have an excess supply of fuel and power resources. Energy-balanced areas (EB) are considered to be of the highest possible level of renovation areas development.


Introduction
The problem energy preservation during renovation of built-up areas is complex and covers all stages of the renovation areas development. The existing five-storey apartment blocks are interconnected with the existing system engineering networks and communication which form fuel and energy supply of both the renovation areas and the city of Moscow as a whole. When implementing the renovation process which is a transition from the existing five-story apartment blocks to modern multi-storey apartment blocks there is a problem of fuel and energy balance in all stages of the process, namely: maintenance of the «old» fivestory apartment blocks, demolition and new construction, maintenance of modern high-rise apartment blocks. In this regard, the construction process is specific in nature, which should imply the rationing of fuel and energy resources (FER). [1], which allows to regulate energy preservation in the construction industry, increase the efficiency of FER usage and transfer energy consumption in construction organizations to the regulatory framework [1].
At the development stage of the construction organization project, the main task is to calculate the required capacity of all types of energy consumers to ensure the connection of the construction site to the city engineering networks or local energy sources and their uninterrupted work for the entire construction period. In this case, as a rule, the consumption of FER is not calculated, and the capacity is determined with a margin [2, 3].
When developing a works performed project on the basis of a feasibility studies, organizational and technological decisions affecting the consumption of fuel and energy resources at the construction site, as well as the results of preparation of the construction site, which provide baseline data to interconnect permanent and temporary engineering communications at the construction site are concretized [2, 3].
The problem of energy preservation at a construction site has been under-researched and was examined in various scientific works [2-6], which addressed: general principles and approaches to energy preservation, analysis of various energy consumers at the site, the impact of seasonal and climate impacts on building production, energy preservation at various stages of construction production excluding demolition, and also FER consumption groups were classified, the factors and the degree of their influence on the amount of energy consumption in the construction industry were determined [6]. However, the agenda of these works did not touch upon such specific areas of development as renovation areas, which actualizes scientific research on the issue of energy preservation at the construction site in the renovation process.

Materials and Methods
To conduct a research in this article the renovation program of the housing stock in the city of Moscow, the technical specifications for the architectural and urban planning of experimental sites for the renovation of the housing stock in Moscow, as well as the principles of the organization of the construction process during the renovation period were used. We used the methods of systematization of engineering data, the study of regulatory documentation, analysis, comparison and synthesis of information. Construction preparations are regulated by the joint venture 48.13330.2011 «SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction» and STO NOSTROY 2.33.14-2011 «Organization of construction production. General provisions» [7,8].
The preparatory period of construction is a «physical» implementation of activities at the construction site, envisaged by the organizational period, which includes: off-site and on-site work (site preparation, site engineering preparation, mobile (inventory) complexes construction [8]).
At the preparatory stage of the construction industry it is important to determine the actual location of the places and conditions for connecting temporary engineering communications to permanent networks to provide the construction site with fuel and energy resources such as electricity, water, heat and steam.
A specific feature of the implementation of renovation projects in the city of Moscow in terms of construction site preparations and energy efficient component of the construction process is consideration of the provision of the construction site with engineering networks and the release of the renovated area, namely the demolition and dismantling of the existing five-story building.
For fuel and energy support of power and technological consumers at the construction site, outdoor and indoor lighting of construction objects, utility-auxiliary buildings, areas of execution of construction and engineering work, permanent and temporary networks are used, that is, the rationing of FER depends on rational organizations of temporary construction infrastructure: temporary water supply and temporary energy supply for construction, which are temporary at building sites.
A distinctive feature of the renovated area for demolition and new construction is the existing and functioning fuel and energy support for the apartment block, that is, the existence of trunk and engineering networks and utilities (water, heat, gas and electricity) that form the initial parameters of the engineering conditions of the construction site. The use of permanent engineering networks in conjunction with temporary ones is established by the following parameters: -energy loads calculation; -energy sources choice; -identification of objects of service of the first category (objects requiring backup power that is water decrease, electric heating, boiler rooms, fire pumps, etc.), located in the territory; -working scheme of electricity supply, heat supply, gas supply and water supply mapping [2, 3]. For the analysis of engineering provision of development sites, five areas of Moscow where renovation projects will be implemented in the future were considered: Golovinsky district, Kuzminki district, Vernadsky Prospect district, Khoroshevo-Mnevniki district and Tsaritsyno district (see figure 1).

Prospect Vernadsky District
The area is located within the area of affect of the Western Water Treatment Station (ZSV

Kuzminki District
The area is located within the area of affect of the Eastern Water Treatment Station. According to the data of JSC Mosvodokanal, the capacity of the BCA is 1.4 million m3 / day. There is a water supply reserve for new consumers. Water supply is carried out through Kuzminsky regulating unit (RU). Sources of water supply of the territory in question are: the water lines VSV 2d = 1400 mm along Volzhsky Boulevard, d = 1200 mm along Okskaya Street and the highway d = 900 mm, The area is located in the coverage area of CHP-22, which has a capacity reserve. The heating supply of the building is carried out by branches 2d = 150-700 mm from the heating main 2d = 1200 mm, which is laid along Zhigulevskaya Street.
Consumers are connected to heat networks through heat points (CHP and ITP) [

Khoroshevo-Mnevniki District
The area is located within the area of affect of the Rublevskaya water treatment station (RSV

Tsaritsyno District
The area is located within the area of affect of the Western Water Treatment Station (ZSV

Results and Discussion
The analysis we've performed makes it possible to describe the renovation sites engineering equipment supply as follows: -renovation sites are located within zones of affect of Moscow water treatment plants with capacities that average 1.35-1.92 million m3 / day [9-13], which provides a water supply reserve to the new apartment blocks. Water supply sources are water lines and highways in the intra-quarter territory; -renovation sites are located within zones of affect of Moscow CHP plant which are provided with a reserve capacity. The power sources are heating mains and TSTP / ITP; -the renovation sites are located within zones of operation of electrical substations with a voltage of 6-10 kV [9-13], which mainly have a limited technological connection power reserve.
Summarizing the existing engineering and technical conditions of the renovation areas, we can conclude that the permanent (existing) engineering networks will not be able to provide the necessary power reserve for the construction and installation works, namely the power supply network, therefore lining of temporary engineering networks and, as a consequence, the development of energy-saving measures at the construction site to preserve the fuel and energy balance of the renovation area are necessary [15][16][17][18][19][20] Thus, the renovation areas in the city of Moscow, which are fuel and energy systems of the city, can be divided by water supply provision (WS), heat supply (HS) and electrical power supply (PS) (see table 3) into energy-poor (EP), energy-balanced (EB) and energyredundant (ER), where RE is the power reserve index.

Conclusions
The analysis of five renovation sites revealed a number of distinguishing features of engineering areas supply provision. For the most part Moscow renovation areas are divided into two forms: energy-deficient (EP), which lack reserve margins of fuel and power resources; energy-excessive (ER) which have an excess supply of fuel and power resources. Energy-balanced areas (EB) are considered to be of the highest possible level of renovation areas development. There renovation area fuel and energy balance is maintained at the stage of construction and installation works due to organizational and technological solutions aimed at energy preservation of energy resources within the construction site.
This work was financially supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (#NSh-3492.2018.8).