Ecosystem of Medicinal Plants Species and Potential of Growing on the Dumps of Kedrovsky Surface Mine (Kemerovo Region)

The medicinal flora of phytocenosis “Yuzhny” waste dump Kedrovsky coal mine pit in Kemerovo region was studied. It has been established that 51 species of medicinal plants belonging to 46 genus and 27 families grow on the waste dump. They are permitted for use in official medicine and included in the Medicines State Register in the territory of the Russian Federation. The most of medicinal plants species are represented by forest (39.22%), ruderal (27.45%) and meadow (23.53%) vegetation, which in general is 90.2% of the identified medicinal plants number. The share of semi-aquatic and steppe vegetation accounts for 7.84% and 1.96%, respectively. It has been established that perennial herbaceous plants (25 species) predominate in the life forms composition; shrubs and trees account for 7 and 9 species, respectively. Researches were established a group of medicinal plants with resource potential and interest in raw materials procurement. This group include 13 herbaceous plants (Achillea millefolium L., Viola arvensis Murr., Polygonum aviculare L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Fragaria vesca L., Verbascum thapsus L., Urtica dioica L., Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., Tussilago farfara L., Taraxacum officinale Web., Tanacetum vulgare L., Plantago major L., Artemisia absinthium L.), 5 shurbs (Crataеgus sanguínea Pall., Hippophaë rhamnoides L., Rosa accicularis Lindl., Rosa majalis Herm., Viburnum opulus L.) and 5 trees ( Betula pendula Roth., Betula pubesccens Ehrh., Padus avium Mill., Sorbus sibirica Hedl., Pinus sylbestris L.).

Phyto and zoocenoses are formed on the dumps over time, including species which typical for the area and the soil formation process is actively taking place. There is an improvement in the environmental situation. The earlier studies of environmental and hygienic assessment of the medicinal plants raw materials growing on the "Yuzhny" dump Kedrovsky coal mine are showed that it meets the requirements of regulatory documents and does not pose a danger to human life and health [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].
In this regard, the research of phytocenoses medicinal flora formed on the dumps of coal mines is seem to be perspective, cause it will increase the medicinal plant raw material base.
The purpose of this work is to study the medicinal flora species composition and resource potential of phytocenoses Kedrovsky coal mine dumps.
The research material was the medicinal plants flora of the Kedrovsky coal mine dump in the summer period of 2011-2014.
The main research methods are observations in nature and the herbarium material collection, herbarium collections analysis (FIC UUK SB RAS, KemSU) and literary sources analysis. The obtained data were processed using standard floristic analysis. Latin species names are given by Cherepanov (1995) [14][15].
It is possible to harvest various types raw materials of medicinal plants identified on waste dumps. For example, in 11 types of herbaceous perennials the aboveground part (herb) is used as a raw material. In a significant part, underground organs are harvested (8 species), in 4 species -flowers and inflorescences, in 5 -leaves, and in 1 species -fruits and seedlings. In most cases in annual plants harvest herb -5 species; in one species, flowers. Biennial herbaceous plants harvest seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves and grass. In contrast to herbaceous plants, tree forms and shrubs often use fruits, buds, leaves, shoots, bark, flowers, and inflorescences as raw materials (Table 1).
It also should be noted that medicinal plants growing on the studied dump used in homeopathy and being raw materials for dietary supplements. These are more than 60 species of plants (Geranium pratense L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Erysimum cheiranthoides L., Salix alba L., Trifolium pratense L., Potentilla anserina L., Pulmonaria obscura Dumort., Etc.) [16].

Conclusion
The Kedrovsky mine waste dump "Yuzhny" phytocenosis, there are 51 medicinal plants species belonging to 46 genus and 27 families permitted for use in official medicine in the territory of the Russian Federation.
The ecological-cenotic groups analysis of dump medicinal flora showed that forest, ruderal and meadow vegetation prevails in the structure of phytocenosis, which is 39.22; 27.45 and 23.53%, respectively. The share of semi-aquatic and steppe vegetation accounts for 7.84% and 1.96%, respectively.
The life forms composition is dominated by perennial herbaceous plants (25 species); shrubs and trees of 7 and 9 species, respectively.
Research has established a medicinal plants group with resource potential and the raw materials procurement interest. It includes 13 species of herbaceous plants, 5 species of shrubs and 5 species of trees.
The work was carried out according to the state task -No 0352-2019-0015