Application of Iodized In Farm and Haloferax Bacteria Technology for Salt Production in Order to Make Zero Waste Salt Consumption Industry

The consumption salt industry produces wastewater in the raw material washing unit. The washing water generated if water concentration already exceeds 250Be, most of its water removed, usually dumped into the environment around the factory, with a volume of about 1.5 m3 per 10 tons of salt washed. Everyday industry wash 60-70 tons salt. So the environment would pollute, because there were metals and chemical contaminants, such as MgSO4, MgCl2, and CaSO4. The aims this research to produce iodized salt from the field and containing NaCl above 94 percent which combines technology with the injection iodized in farm and Haloferax bacteria so consumed salt industry will not need washing and iodizing again. Application experiment performed 3 times which 2 replication without and with using Haloferax bacteria and additional treatment KIO3 solution concentration of 70 and 80 ppm. Results showed that best treatment was addition KIO3 70 ppm and treatment of bacterial Haloferax with KIO3 51,89-56.58 ppm and NaCl were 94.44 to 94.95 percent. SEM EDX test results, salt cube-shaped or rectangle, treatment without addition the bacteria and the crystal morphology of appearing smaller.


Intoduction
The iodized salt production process is the very simple beginning of the washing process raw materials, draining, iodized salt and printing for briquettes, cooking or drying, cooling, and packaging. Salt washing process the raw materials are beginning the process of a series of iodized salt production by using a saline solution 22-25 0 Be so that the levels of NaCl qualified SNI 4435-2010 (minimum 94.7% NaCl). If washing solution salt concentration already exceeds 25 0 Be then most of the wash water must be removed, usually dumped in the factory environment. Discarded washing water combined with water in order to maintain the concentration of the washing water remains in 22-25 0 Be. The volume of washing water discharged about 1.5 m3, equivalent to 500 kg of salt or 10 tonnes of salt-washed [1]; [2]. Every day 60-70 tons of salt wash industry raw materials. The largest component in the wastewater is NaCl and partly comprised of MgSO4, MgCl2, and CaSO4 which is an impurity of salt. Liquid waste dumped around the factory would pollute the environment because there are metal and chemical contamination.
Salt is one of the commodities that are needed by all sectors of industry. Salt consumption is included in the group of food so that is included in the priority industries in the Industrial Research and Development Agency program the Ministry of Industry. Research salt with Halophilic bacteria biotechnology has been done by previous researchers with an output that can improve the quality of the raw material salt [3]. The research has been produced by CIPPT [2]; [4][5][6][7]. All the research results obtained by raw material salt NaCl higher but salt consumption industry should be performed the iodized process again. The advantages of this research were obtained salt the raw materials were high quality, clean and contain KIO3 from the table crystallization in farm directly. The industry can be directly molded to be used as salt briquettes. As for the fine salt must be heating before packed. Some of the benefits in industry with iodized in farm technology, the first is to conserve water because it does not require washing and NaCl was already high so it does not generate liquid waste and solid waste at unit salt washing, the second is energy-efficient machine iodized and labor, and also obtaining a homogeneous KIO3 in salt consumption. In this applied research, this was not observed yet the stability KIO3 obtained. Previous on a laboratory scale research iodized salt in situ on the waste salt that has been purified obtained KIO3 salt products decreased by 0.2 to 1.3 ppm during storage of 1-4 months [8]. Another similar research was carried out in the fields of salt iodized salt but using iodized spraying system and using the isolators media [9]. The difference with this research was iodized injection system in the farm enter KIO3 and bacteria Haloferax into the water 25 0 Be at the table crystallization directly.
The aim of iodization process is mixed KIO3 with saltwater evenly in order to obtain an iodized salt product which according to the requirements of SNI. Potassium iodate used recommended 40 grams diluted in water so that a concentration of 2% or 4% and used for iodized salt 1 ton [10]. Aim of this applied research was determined the effectiveness of iodized salt in the farm system to produced KIO3 homogeneous and clean salt, and do not produce liquid and solid waste in the industry.
The benefits to be obtained from this study is the product of the salt has been iodized directly from in the farm that can be directly used by the industry without having washed again so as to save water and produces no liquid waste, assuming the salt free from contamination, physical and chemical industry does not require iodized process thus saving electric energy and labor. And makes the salt industry consumption with zero-waste.

The Locations and Time of Application Research
Application of this research in farmer's salt fields in Pati District. Central Java Province. Indonesia. The research was conducted between June until September 2019.

Materials and Tools
Materials used include KIO3, distilled water, the growth cultivation medium of bacteria Haloferax, that were yeast extract, Tryptone, saline water (22 o Be) got from farmer's salt fields in Pati Distric., geomembrane, starter Haloferax bacteria, the chemical reagent for analysis KIO3 and NaCl, plastic containers and sacks plastic.
The tools used were the scales, injectors KIO3, baker glass, measuring cups, Baume meter and laboratory equipment for chemical analysis. The result of the product of table salt crystallization will be tested in the laboratory include KIO3 test, NaCl, water content and SEM EDX.

Research Design
Application research performed 3 times, where 2 times without using bacteria Haloferax and for the 3 times trial using bacteria Haloferax, and all treatments used KIO. KIO3 concentrations were 70 and 80 ppm [11]. Applications are done 3 times each 2 replications.
The application process research, the first step was preparing the land or tables that have been prepared for the crystallization of the salt, the second was planned geomembrane plastic, third was flowed saline water with a viscosity 25 0 Be measured with Baume meter with a pond 4 m x 2 m water height 10 cm simultaneously by entering KIO3 solution at concentration 70 and 80 ppm, a flow rate 80 ml/sec. The crystallization process lasts up to saline water reached 29.50 Be that lasted until 4-5 days. After the salt formed carded and drained. Iodized salt consumption ready to be transported to the factory and processed further without washing, and iodized again. Salt is maintained to be free from physical and chemical contaminants.

Trials 3 times in farm with 2 times without bacteria
Haloferax and phase 3 trials crystallization using bacteria Haloferax and control treatment.
At the time of the crystallization process takes place was done also monitoring water quality and environmental conditions in the table crystallization, data showed that the water temperature ranges from 33-39 0 C, 29-33 0 C air temperature, wind speed 2.6 to 6.0 m/sec, humidity 48,8 to 70,1 percent. The results in table salt crystallization obtained salt with a rather diverse KIO3 content during the third stage of the experiment, the data as presented in Table 1. Results of the Phase I application KIO3 content was still below 0.35 ppm. The reason because it allowed rainwater into the water to overflow in the farm, but the process is waiting to happen salt until the brine reached 29.5 0 Be. For the phase II trial, obtained his KIO3 levels according to the expected value varies, with the result 70 contains KIO3 42.81 ppm and 47.27 ppm, 80 ppm while containing KIO3 at 52.37 and 61.89 ppm. Phase III treatment trial using bacteria Haloferax then the resulting value KIO3 to increase the concentration of 70 ppm in value by 51.89 and 56.48 being the addition KIO3 got 61.45 to 68.80 ppm to 80 ppm. SNI requirements iodized salt consumption was at least 30 ppm. KIO3 user so that as much as 70 ppm in crystallization table already applied. For the control treatment, there also KIO3 content 2.24 to 2.82 because in the seawater the KIO3content is also very small quantities. Compounds Fe 2+ and Cu + (contained in salt) KIO3 in salt were able to decompose into I2. Thus, any amounts of reducing agent contained in the salts the greater the number of KIO3that will decompose and disappear as I2 (g) [2].

Levels of NaCl
The result was the control treatment containing NaCl content of 91.16 to 92.15 percent. In the second stage of Phase, I containing NaCl decreased from 82.15 to 89.28 percent, from 90.88 to 91.76 percent in value phase II and phase III of its value from 93.93 to 94.95 percent. The high NaCl in the treatment of bacterial Haloferax addition, due to these bacteria can degrade the compounds of impurities contained in the brine solution as Mg and Ca compounds, such research has been done that Haloferax that bacteria can improve the quality and quantity of salt [12].
The Haloferax bacterial cells are templates in the formation of halite/crystal NaCl and organic compounds produced by haloferax bacteria also have an influence on the shape and formation of formed salt crystals. [13].

SEM is Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDX is
Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis results of experiments in the fields for the control treatment and the addition of bacteria Haloferax treatment show similarity. Form Haloferax bacterial cell is a template in the formation of halite or NaCl crystals and organic compounds produced by bacteria haloferax also have an influence on the shape and the formation of salt crystals formed [13]. Besides the secretions of organic substances from bacteria Haloferax such as glycine, betaine, and polysaccharides also influence the quality of the resulting salt crystals [3]. There appears to be a similar shape of salt crystals that tendency cube-shaped box or a rectangle, but for the addition of the crystal morphology of the bacteria appear smaller pieces.  SEM EDX test results tendency the form of salt crystals is a cube-shaped box or a rectangle, but for the control of the crystal, morphology appears smaller pieces.
Result of application iodized salt in the farm with giving concentration KIO3 70 ppm treatment was able to generate content KIO3 above 30 ppm in a salt crystal.