Development and justification of the parameters of the coulter group of grain drills

. The urgency of creation and use of resource-saving means of mechanization of agriculture is proved. Proposed grain drill, performing the sowing of grain crops on stubble background. Its use allows to sow seeds in the soil with minimum costs due to the reduction of the number of technological operations. The theoretical substantiation of the grain seeder, on the basis of which the optimal design and operating parameters are revealed, is carried out.

In the cultivation of crops plays a key role sowing, which is carried out in various ways. Currently, in Russia, most of the agricultural land is sown by tra-ditional technology, which includes about ten technological methods. Due to the large number of operations, the time of sowing increases, which does not always allow to meet the specified agro-technical deadlines, undesirable soil compaction occurs, erosion processes of the soil increase. In total, all this leads to a decrease in the yield and a significant increase in the cost of production, as a result of which agricultural production becomes unprofitable. Therefore, in recent years, more and more attention is paid to the sowing of zero technology. Many scien-tists have recognized this technology as cost-effective and advanced from an en-vironmental point of view.
However, for the implementation of seeding on this technology, such means of mechanization are necessary that would sow the seed material in ac-cordance with agrotechnical requirements.
Based on the analysis of existing means of mechanization of sowing of grain crops, we have developed a grain seeder ( fig. 1), which carries out sowing without pre-tillage, while loosening the top layer of soil and introducing plant residues into it, which eventually eliminates the introduction of mineral fertilizers.
The quality of operation of the proposed grain seeder [1,2,3,4] depends on the correctness of the optimization of design-mode and technological parameters. Since we use spherical and flat discs as coulters, it is necessary to determine their parameters, which will comply with agricultural requirements.
Find the diameter of the disk [5] from the condition of providing a given depth of tillage ( fig. 2). It should be borne in mind that the working bodies have individual placement on the frame of the seeder. 1 -frame; 2,3 -support and running wheels; 4 -hopper; 5 -fan; 6 -coulters; 7 -coil sowing machine; 8 -the vas deferens; 9 -dividing head; 10 -seed pipes; 11 -rotary racks; 12 -flat disc racks; 13 -flat discs; 14 -bracket; 15,17 -bolt; 16 -guide sleeve; 18 -coupling device; 19 -hydraulic cylinder, 20supporting mechanism Determine the diameter of the spherical disk, taking into account the angle of its attack: -the angle of attack of a spherical disk, hail.
a -the depth of the disc in the soil; d -the diameter of the bearing housing; L/ -the thickness of the bearing housing; S -the thickness of the disc; S/ -the thick-ness of the flange axis of the disc; L -the boom of the deflection disk Knowing the diameter, we find the angle of attack of the spherical disk: cos sin where -angle of inclination of the spherical disk, hail. So as disk use without the tilt, that is = 0. In this case: Thus, the angle of attack of a spherical disk depends on the width and depth of the furrow formed in the soil, as well as the diameter of the disk.
Let us consider the case of displacement of the "compressible" layer, as for the real layer occupying an intermediate position between the "compressible" and "incompressible" the same laws are preserved.
Let's take the point of the formation descent from the disk as the beginning of a fixed coordinate system.
The trajectory of the particles is a parabola and obeys the laws of motion for the body thrown at an angle to the horizon.
Consider the trajectory of the soil particle ( fig. 3).
where -the angle of friction of the soil on the surface of the disc, hail; -the angle between the inner normal ON to the working surface and the axis OX, hail; -the angle between the inner normal ON to the work surface and the axis OY, hail; -the angle between the inner normal ON to the work surface and the axis OZ, hail; -the angle between the normal and the speed of this point of the working surface of the disk; , , , -length of sides of spherical triangles, m; cos g, cos g, cos g -guiding vectors of speed of any point of the working surface of a rotating disk (11) Consequently, the range of movement and the maximum height of the soil particle rise depends on the speed of the unit and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil.
Next, we determine the diameter of the levelling disc, the main purpose of which is to fill the groove obtained from the spherical disc to form a smooth surface, i.e. it must smooth the previously obtained soil hillock. The width of this ridge represents the range of movement of soil particles ( fig. 4).

Fig. 4.
To determine the diameter of a flat disc.
where Lb -the width of the resulting tubercle, m; / -the angle of attack of a flat disk, hail. If you imagine Dpl through construction parameter, then Using the analogy of flat and spherical disks, we obtain an expression for determining the diameter of a flat disk taking into account its design features.
We construct a scheme to determine the distance between the flat and spherical disk ( fig. 5).

Fig. 5.
To determine the distance between disks. Figure 5 shows that the distance between flat and spherical disks: where b -the width of the cavity formed after the passage of the spherical disk, m. Based on the above, we find the required diameter of the flat disk: