Theoretical justification of fruit separation rolling process by a planetary fruit separator

. The article is devoted to the theoretical justification of the process of rolling stems by planetary rollers of the fruit separator in the harvesting of Solanaceae vegetables as reusable as at direct full harvest. The article has a theoretical, research character, expressed in the fact that the issue of Solanaceae vegetables harvesting was theoretically considered, the analysis of methods and means for the introduction of dry inorganic substances was given, when considering the process of rolling stems of Solanaceae vegetables as a rolling of elastic-plastic material there were obtained the dependences that determine the kinematic and energy parameters of planetary multi-rolling fruit separators. The conclusions set out the main results achieved so far. The type of the proposed design was theoretically justified, its description and the flow of the technological process were given. As a result of the work done, the process of fruit removal from a plant with offered working elements was shown. The researches in the field of Solanaceae vegetables harvesting are conducted the and in agribusiness". The work is aimed at the development of working elements of rotor type for reusable harvesting of Solanaceae vegetables. It is probable, that the present construction allows to improve the qualitative rates of working elements of fruit separators.

The researches in the field of Solanaceae vegetables harvesting are conducted in Kuban State Agrarian University at the department of "Processes and machines in agribusiness". The work is aimed at the development of working elements of rotor type for reusable harvesting of Solanaceae vegetables. It is probable, that the present construction allows to improve the qualitative rates of working elements of fruit separators.
During the movement of the fruit separator, located at an angle α to the direction of movement, the fruit mass is rolled by rollers. At the same time, the process of fruit removal is carried out due to two types of deformation of the plant -pulling (vibration) of the bush's stems and combing the fruits. Only large fruits are separated, the size of which is greater than the gap in the working slit. The fruit will be separated if the force of the action of the roller exceeds the force of connection with the peduncle. Small fruits, ovaries and flowers remain on the plant in the field and continue to grow [1].
The technological operation of rolling the stems of the plant's bush with planetary rollers is one of the main, providing the combing of the fruits from the bush.
The input parameters here are the output parameters of the technological operation of the first level, and the criterion for assessing the quality is -εпов -the degree of damage to the stems of the plant, which should strive for a minimum value [2].
Let us consider the technological process of rolling stems by the planetary multi-shaft apparatus ( Figure 1). The number of rolls on the drum of the planetary apparatus of Кт by V. V. Derevenko is determined by the formula for the two-drum apparatus [3]: where αcentral angle determining the position of initial and final points of contact of rollers with stems; λc2 -relation of circumferential speed of the drum 2 to the speed of the stem's pulling, We should take Кт=6 9 units for two-drum apparatus, for single drum -ε = and Кт = 6 10 units. If the number of Кт rolls to take more than it can be obtained by formulas (1) and (3), this ratio will be called the overlap coefficient [4].
The angle speeds of planetary drums from the formulas (4) and (5) are as follows: For two-drum apparatus: For single drum ω2 = Condition of stem's rolling in a working slit Qc + Тх -Nx 0 where Qc-effort of stems' rolling from apparatus's motion; тх and NX~ sum of projections of forces of normal pressure from the side of rollers 3 and 4 rolling the stems and forces of friction to the motion of the stems. N X = N X 3 + NX 4 , To determine the forces Nx3,Tx,Nx4, and Тх4, we use the assumption of a professor I.V. Kragelsky about even distribution of normal pressures q3 and q4 for points of rollers' contacts with a stem taken which was when studying the collapse of bast crops [5].
where r3 and r4radii of circumferences of rollers 3 and 4; bз and b4 -width of stem's contact area with rollers.
Projections of elementary forces on the axis X and Y are equal: dq3x = dq3 cosδdq3y = dq3 sinδ dq4x = dq4 cosδdq4y = dq4 sinδ (9) In the course of integrated expressions (8) and (9)  where and -angles of rollers' coverage, = μα3, = μα4μ -coefficient of reduction of angles α3 and α4 taking into account the crumpling of a rolled stem before rollers due to its elasticity μ = 0,76.
-thickness of a stem gripped by rollers 3 and 4 in the input of a working slit is determined in dependence on diameter of a stem dc and relation ;; ∆gap between rollers 3 and 4.
Values ρ5 and ρ6 ( Figure 1) are determined from triangles П3035 and П4О46: Power Wc needed for stems' rolling by two-drum apparatus: where есamount of stems which are in a working slit simultaneously; ес= (20) where L-average length of stem; mamount of stems on 1ha; Вwidth of a harvester's coverage; VK-speed of a harvester; Vc-speed of stem's motion in a working slit; М3 and М4moments of appropriate equal forces N and T relative to the instantaneous axis of rotation [7,10].
Thus, when considering the process of rolling Solanaceae vegetables stems as a rolling of elastic-plastic material, there were obtained the dependences that determined the kinematic and energy parameters of planetary multi-roller fruit separators [8,9].