Results of tests of devices for sunflower harvesting in economic conditions

. The results of tests of devices for sunflower harvesting differing in design, the number of rows to be removed, the presence of the chopper stems in real economic conditions and machine testing stations.


Introduction
Sunflower is cleaned with specially equipped devices that can be aggregated with various combine harvesters by means of a special spacer between the device and the inclined chamber of the combine.
Devices for sunflower harvesting are designed for harvesting sunflower seeds and transporting them to the inclined chamber of the combine harvester and consist of a frame, auger, seed conveyors, choppers stems, dividers and cutting units.
According to field studies in economic conditions and reports of machine testing stations (MTS) posted on the sites tested and received a positive conclusion nine samples of devices for harvesting sunflower from different manufacturers presented in table 1 [1,2]. Ltd. joint venture "Unisibmash", Novosibirsk ZHNS -9, 1 PJSC «Berdyansk header ", Berdyansk PSP-810-13 (2 sample) JSC "Morozovskselmash" of Morozovsk

Experimental. Results and discussion
In the construction of devices for cleaning of sunflower PSP uses the following components: bevel gear cutting machines, lifters, left and right. Device PSP-810 ( Figure 1) is designed for harvesting sunflower seeds in the unit with combine harvesters ACROS, VECTOR, and PSP-810-13 with combine harvesters "ACROS Plus" and "TORUM", equipped with auto. Bevel gears are designed to drive conveyors of stems and seeds, as well as cutting machines. Drive gearboxes is carried out on both sides of the device cardan shafts. Lifters left and right consist of a divider and a frame on which the driven roller of the belt conveyor of seeds is installed. The divider can take two positions: bottom (working) and top (transport). Each cutting machine consists of a disc with special knives riveted to it and an anti-cutting plate fixed to the glass of the conical reducer. The design of lifters on devices for cleaning sunflower NASH-873-04, NASH-873-06 ( Figure 2) allows you to raise or lower the fallen drooping sunflower stalks. For harvesting both low-growing and high-stem sunflower varieties, these devices can change the angle of inclination, and the width of the channel through which the vibrating conveyor of the stems feeds the stems to the cutting machine can be adjusted. This parameter allows the use of devices in all areas of cultivation of sunflower and different varieties. Device for cleaning sunflower OptiSun 870-PSM (Figure 2.b) consists of a frame device, screw conveyors seed grinders stems dividers cutter assemblies. The frame of the device is a welded structure of the gutter shape, which consists of steel styles and steel sheet. The screw is a welded pipe on which the screw tapes of the right and left winding are welded.
The stem shredder consists of four sections, each of which has two rotors. The shredders are driven by a hydraulic system. The hydraulic system consists of a tank with a thermometer, cranes, filter, motion limiter valve, connecting pipes and hydraulic motors. Chopper pumps are two pieces on the left and right side of the device. Each shredder includes one pump and one hydraulic motor. Each hydraulic circuit has a pressure gauge that allows the combine to control the amount of oil pressure. Stem shredders can change their position regardless of the device. Shredders are raised and lowered by means of hydraulics.
Cutting units are designed for supply of the stems of the sunflower and cut baskets. The cutting units consist of two main parts: the first -a spoon chain with a tensioner device and a device for feeding the stems, and the second part -the cutting machine.
Dividers are designed to separate sunflower stems and direct them to the cutting nodes. Frame dividers wedge-shaped execution of sheet steel fixing of the shaped steel.
On the lower part of the tops of the dividers welded plate in the form of a Shoe, which, to some extent, allows you to copy the surface of the field and provides the rise of fallen stems. A stubble height meter is installed on the device, which shows the relative position of the grinder and the device to each other.
Maize Sunflower mounted ZHNS-9,1 consists of a platform and a transition frame hinge. Maize is mounted on an inclined chamber combine any type and grade, by rigid connection by means of the transition frame [3].
Platform harvester consists of a frame welded construction which is provided with the cutting apparatus, the right and left sides, lift attendants, blister, reel, auger, drive mechanisms and safety guards. The right and left sidewalls are designed to separate the sunflower stems from the array and direct them to the header.
Lifters consist of a sock and a gutter and are designed for separation, direction and supply of sunflower stems to the cutting machine, as well as for the collection and passive supply of cut mass to the platform of the header spilled from the baskets of seeds.
The Reaper is driven by a gimbal from the inclined chamber of the combine by a chain drive from the counter-drive shaft to the screw drive shaft and a belt drive to the planetary knife drive reducer. A safety clutch is installed on the screw axle, which is activated when foreign bodies get into the working bodies of the header and prevents their breakage. On the right side drive axle of the reel is chain drive from the axle of the screw.
The cutting machine is assembled on the front bar and consists of steel double fingers of the closed type, a movable knife with segments, clamps, friction plates, slats and adjusting gaskets. Protective shield and protective visors on the top of the platform, prevent the release of cut mass and ensure no loss at the cut stage. Brief technical characteristics of devices for sunflower harvesting are given in tables 2-3.
From the data in table 2 it follows that, despite the same constructive width of the grip, the tested devices have a large spread of the total mass. The smallest total weight is the device PSP-810 (1770 kg), and the largest OptiSun-870-PSM (2830 kg). The greatest weight of the device OptiSun-870-PSM is due to the presence of the chopper stems with hydraulic system.
The main difference between the header ZHNS-9.1 devices from PSP-1210-35 «FALCON» ( Table 3) that the header ZHNS-9.1 in their designs has lifters that perform two functions: supply of sunflower stems to the cutting machine and collection with passive supply cut weight on the platform header pours out with baskets of seeds. Also, the header design allows you to clean sunflower, both along the rows and diagonally across.  Tests of devices are carried out on typical backgrounds in zones of activity of farms and the corresponding MIS (Table 4). Devices for sunflower harvesting meet the requirements of regulatory documents on the indicators of purpose and safety, as well as meet the modern requirements of agricultural production. Some noted inconsistencies in some products do not require significant changes in the design of devices and can be eliminated during the production of these machines.
Interchangeable combine harvester with 8-row devices ranged from 1,5ha/h at OptiSun-870-PSM to 3,7ha/h in NASH-873-04. Have a wide fit and the reapers it was a 4,3ha/h from PSP-1210-35 "FALCON" and 5,4ha/h at ZHNS-9,1. Low removable capacity for the unit Challenger 660+OptiSun-870-PSM (1,5ha/h) is obtained due to the low operating speed (3,8km/h) in comparison with other units due to the work of the chopper stems with a cut height of 17,6cm, which requires a certain amount of power for the technological process of cleaning. In connection with the energy-intensive process of grinding the stems, this unit also had an increased fuel consumption by 26,3% compared to other units.
Fuel consumption of the tested units was in the range from 5,6 to 9,6kg/ha. Low fuel consumption provided the unit TORUM 740+ ZHNS-9,1 (2,6kg/ha), which is primarily due to the fact that the design of the header is no chopper stems, and the collection of baskets is carried out by lifters at a cut height of 80,0cm.
The results of the tests indicate that the most acceptable for sunflower harvesting are adaptations of brands: PSP-810-05 "FALCON", NASH-873-04, OptiSun-870-PSM, PSP-810, NASH-873-06, PSP-1210-35 "FALCON" and ZHNS-9,1 in the unit with combine harvesters. They provide the best indicators on the level of grain losses up to 0,9%, satisfying agricultural requirements (not more than 2,0%). Similar results were obtained as a result, of previous research work adaptations for sunflower cleaning specialists KubNIITiM in economic conditions [5]. From the results of the researches of the specialists of KubNIITiM also follows that the best performance in terms of grain losses, meet the agronomic requirements (not more than 2,0%), provided the 8-row fixture PSP-810 and NASH-873 -0,4% in the unit with harvesters ACROS 580 and Palesse GS 12 respectively.

Conclusion
Adaptations to combine harvesters are able to fully meet the needs of the combine fleet of farmers in the harvesting of sunflower, meet the indicators of destination, reliably and efficiently perform the technological process. Most of the tested devices for sunflower harvesting are produced at domestic agricultural machine-building plants. Some samples are purchased in foreign countries (Hungary). At the same time, imported devices do not have significant functional advantages over domestic ones. The presence of devices of these brands in the harvest park farms indicates the high technical level of domestic manufacturers (JSC "Morozovskselmash", town of Morozovsk and Ltd. joint venture "Unisibmash", Novosibirsk).