Simulation-based Prediction of Structural Design Failure in Fishing Deck Machinery a Hydraulic Type with Finite Element Method

. The fishing deck machinery is the tools used to collect fish in fishing activities. Fishing deck machinery is intended to improve the effectiveness of fishing operations. The mission of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fishery Year 2015-2019 in the Regulation of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries No. 45/PERMEN-KP/2015 which is a priority is to provide assistance for fishing facilities for fishermen; it is necessary to develop and optimize fishing deck machinery. To assure the safety and dependability of these fishing deck machinery, calculations, simulation and functional tests are needed. This paper discusses the prediction of structural failure in the design of fishing deck machinery a hydraulic type with finite element method simulation approach. The results of the FEM simulation analysis are (i) the maximum value of von-Mises stress is greater than the ultimate tensile strength of the material; (ii) 1 st principal stress value minimum is smaller than the ultimate tensile strength of material; (iii). the Poisson ratio value higher than the Poisson ratio value of the material. Base on the simulation result, the structural design of fishing deck machinery is safety.


Introduction
Indonesia is the largest archipelago country in the world with approximately 17 508 islands and 81 290 km of coastline along the 5 800 000 km 2 coastline composed of archipelagos and territorial waters covering 3 100 000 km 2 and the waters of the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEEI) covering an area of 2 700 000 km 2 [1]. Based on these facts, Indonesia has the huge fishery and marine development potential and become one of the sources for national economic growth. This can occur because of the carrying capacity of [2]: (i) large supply capacity, with the support of increasing demand; (ii) The output of fish and fishery processing industries can be exported, on the other hand the input comes from domestic resources; (iii) Has the potential of a large upstream and downstream industry so that it can absorb a lot of manpower in large numbers; (iv) The product has renewable properties, thus supporting the sustainable development. With an amount of fish, fishermen's income should be able to make ends meet. But in reality it is not so, poverty is still part of the life of fishermen. This is due to a deficiency of capital owned by fishermen. One solution that has been performed by the government of one of them is to provide assistance sized fishing vessels 5 Gross Tonnage (GT) to 10 GT so that they can catch fish with a longer reach than previous. Another thing is the cause of low productivity caused by poor fishing skills and knowledge as well as the use of fishing gear and boats is still modest, so the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of fishing gear and other production factors is not optimal. This situation is very influential on income received by fishermen and ultimately also affect the level of welfare. The existence of modern fishing equipment makes the community catch more fish and the time gained from fishing is relatively small [3,4]. Fishing deck machinery is a tool that helps the work of fishermen to lift the catch of the fish to the ship. Fishing deck machinery can cut the time needed to lift the catch [5]. This machinery consists of a single and hydraulic type [6,7]. Fishing deck machinery a hydraulic type is a tool that is being the Indonesian government provide assistance to small and medium fishermen.
The development of product design is based on the identification of the needs of the users by considering the current shortage of fishing gear products, such as: the pricing of fishing deck machinery, ease of installation [6,8], imported components, difficult maintenance processes, safety issue of fishing product [9], and most importantly the construction of fishing deck machinery [10,11]. Many designs are not able to support the weight, so the fishing deck machinery had the fracture on the boom.
Based on the background, then do research about fishing deck machinery a hydraulic type easy to use with optimal function and long life of wear. One of the most important things in this fishing deck machinery a hydraulic type is the structure of the fishing deck machinery that capable of holding up to 650 kg lifting weights [12]. The aim of this paper is a simulation-based prediction of structural design failure in fishing deck machinery hydraulic type with finite element method.

Methods
Design process analysis is one phase of the process that must be clear before making a product. In this case, the design of fishing deck machinery. The design process analysis consists of design methods that will be used, technical specifications, operational social system and quality options. The outcomes of the design process analysis are applied as a reference in the manufacture of fishing deck machinery.
The drafting begins with a series of customer needs and target specifications and ends with the origination of some product concepts as a final option. By delving into many alternative concepts early in the development process, it may be too late to find a superior concept or a competitor will introduce a product with a better appearance, will be greatly reduced. Figure 1 shown the simple step of the design process, start from concept design into the prototype product. The process of simulation, start from modelling geometry required fishing deck machinery products that represent the real models. Geometry modelling using CAD software. Features used in the formation of three-dimensional geometry are solid basic features of the model for later assembly of the components available in the inventory of CAD software. Definition of dimensions and specifications of the fishing deck machinery based on the design results with a combination of existing product modifications. FEM simulation by providing the load at the point that secures the most massive burden, then at the bottom of the given area constraint fix.

Calculation
Analysis simulation PROTOTYPE PRODUCT Fig. 1. The step of the design process The purpose of the simulation analysis process is to reduce the risk of failure of the design of a product prior to the manufacturing process. It can also shorten the time and production costs.

Fishing deck machinery description
Fishing deck machinery is a fishing aids machine used in the operation of fishing gear ( Figure 2). The fishing deck machinery designed for the 5 GT to 10 GT fishing boats. Support base, beam and boom components one part that determines the structural strength of the fishing deck machinery (Figure 3). Other supporting components consist of an electric motor, hydraulic cylinder and reel (Kelos) set.

Time Discontinuous Galerkin (TDG) formulations are an ordinary property family of disconnected Galerkin methods that have been introduced in 1973 by Reed & Hill and
Lesaint & Raviart in 1974 [13]. Basic formulation FEM based on TDG formulation with linear elasticity described Suwandi et al. [14]. In this paper, the extension is generated to the nonlinear case problem. The materials used as main parameters were aluminium for reel sets and mild steel structures for bracket, beam and boom parts. A material used for boom parts is KS D 3503 U. This material is a type of hot rolled steel for use in structural applications. KS D 3503 U is a material class, and its references are defined in KS. For the beam is used ASTM A6/A6M from ANSI standard. The mechanical properties of mild steel material categories can be seen in Table 1.   When the boom has a force, there will be plastic deformation. The simulation results of stress analysis as shown in Figure 5 show the maximum deflection occurs at the end of the fishing deck machinery frame. According to the cantilevered rod theory, if a block has a suddenly changing cross-sectional dimension, then at the point where the change occurs there will be a localized stress concentration. However, this local stress has no significant effect on the calculation of deflection.  Figure 5). While in the beam position of critical occurs at the top of the beam with a pin fixed boom bracket, it is necessary to note the strength of welding connection between the beam with a pin fixed boom bracket.
Compared to the material characteristics of mild steel structures categories, the greater value of the von-Mises of this material yield strength means that it is necessary to check the design model in the critical area. As for mild steel will a deflection 75 mm maximum when there is a load of 650 kg in the middle, with a deflection analysis value of 32 mm means still allowed. The value of the 1 st principal stress minimum and a 3 rd principal stress value is greater than the yield strength of the material which means the frame design is still within safe limits. For the Poisson ratio of the material is smaller than the Poisson ratio analysis results, in other words, the security level of safety exceeds the design of the material used. To get a more accurate analysis, in addition to stress analysis, it is necessary to simulate frame analysis for the design of fishing deck machinery. Frame analysis in Figure 6(a) shows the location of the deflection at the centre of the boom with the value of the force that occurs 6 542 N at a distance of 500 mm from the position of a given load. Maximum stress also occurs in the middle of the boom with a maximum stress value of 28.94 MPa (see Figure 6(b)). While Figure 6(c), shows the position of shear stress on the boom that occurred in the middle of the boom with a maximum value of shear stress 1.919 MPa. Based on the simulation results, the connection needs to be made strong to withstand the weight of the reel set and catch fish with a rated load of 650 kg.

Conclusion
In summary, this paper has shown that simulation-based prediction of structural failure design fishing deck machinery a hydraulic type with finite element method can help find structural weaknesses in the design.