Research on Classification of Substation Background Information for Monitoring

. The substations are important parts of modern electrical grids. The monitoring of background information in substations should be carefully managed to keep the smoothly operating of the electrical system. However, there are still some problems in present substations. As a result, some problems can not be handled efficiently and effectively. In order to improve the robustness of information monitoring of substations, this study first analyses the typical problems in the substations. Afterwards, several ways are proposed to handle these problems. As all the information in the substations are standardized, classified and automatically diagnosed, the occurred problems can be smoothly solved with high efficiency and effectiveness.


Introduction
Modern electric grids paly an important role in our daily life so their safely operating should be carefully considered [1][2][3]. In the previous works, there were many works about the safety of the substation, e.g., fault analysis, backup protection, logic visualization, etc. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] As a complex system, there is a large amount of information in the substations, which records the states and conditions of the electric system. However, at present stage, it is still a hard task to effectively deal with the information and the whole efficiency is at a low level [13][14][15][16]. So, it is necessary to untangle different kinds of information in the substation background and divide them into several categories. Afterwards, the corresponding measures can be employed to evaluate different kinds of information in order to help the manmade decisions.
In this paper, we research on the classification of substation background information thus helping the overall monitoring of the whole electrical system. At first, the existing defaults in present substations are analysed including the low efficiency, inconsistent standards, and low automation level. As a result, there are many hidden dangers in the substations, which threat the whole electrical system. As a remedy, we proposed several ways to handle these defaults directionally. First, all the background information is classified into several categories with different priorities. Therefore, the workers could deal with the most important issues at first to avoid the failure of the whole system. And sequentially, other problems can be solved afterwards. Second, unified standards should be formulated to manage different substations. In this way, the information and operations from different substations can be employed and handled efficiently. Third, some artificial intelligence technologies should be incorporated into the software in the substations. These modules could help the works make reasonable decisions and enhance the tolerance rate. Finally, we discuss the whole paper with some conclusions.

Low efficiency
With the fast development of electric grids, there are more and more substations in the whole system. As a result, much more background information in the substations needs to be monitored. However, the traditional monitoring systems only have a few windows with responds to "general alarms". The defections occurred in the software, hardware or other places are all included in the same windows with no classification. As a result, the workers even with high skills can hardly deal with the unlabelled alarms in a short time. It should be noted that some problems may affect not only individual substations but also the whole electric systems. The time delay in handling some key problems may cause big troubles in the system. Therefore, the whole efficiency of monitoring the background information in substations should be considered carefully.

Inconsistent standards
Although some substations operate in the same system, they do not have consistent standards. Such differences may be caused by different construction styles or ideas. Also, some newly built substations may not be compatible with the old ones. As a result, the definitions of the background information in different substations may be different. For example, the alarm in one substation indicating the software error may be mistaken to be hardware error in another substation. Such problem may cause severe confusions when some substations are managed by the same group. And the truly occurred problems can hardly be dealt with in time. Therefore, it is necessary to establish unified standards for the management and projection of the substations.

Low automation level
Although many automation technologies have been already applied to the construction of substations, there still need many human interventions at present. As there are a large amount of information in the substations, it is difficult to correctly process them with limited human labours. When there are some time delays in handling key problems, the smooth operation of the substations and whole electrical system may be severely affected. Therefore, it is still a long way to go in order to enhance the automation level in the substations.

Classification of the background information
In order to improve the efficiency of monitoring the background information in the substations, all the information should be classified at first. For example, the information can be divided hardware category, software category, system category, and network category, etc. So, the workers can immediately find the relevant problems. Furthermore, for the problems occurred in a certain category, they can be classified as "anomalies", "ordinary alarms", "medium alarms", and "severe alarms", etc. Then, the workers can deal with some problems with priorities or reported to the superior administrations. In this way, the problems occurred in the substations can be handled efficiently with high effectiveness.

Formulation of consistent standards
For the information interchange of different substations, consistent standards are formulated to standardize the definitions of different kinds of information, operations, etc. All the instructions from different substations should have the same formats and meanings. The workers in one substation can monitor the states of other substations from the received information. Meanwhile, they can send messages to the substations with some problems in order to help them deal with them. Those substations needing helps can correctly interpretate the information from other systems to deal with their problems. In this way, the substations at different locations can operate as a whole and help each other for the smooth working.

Enhancement of automation level
To enhance the automation level of the substations, the present artificial intelligence technologies can be employed. These tools can help classify the background information in the substations and automatically detect the anomalies. Based on the massive historical data, some training can be conducted to locate the problems and recognize their types. The workers can further evaluate the decisions from the system and quickly take measures to handle the occurred problems. Therefore, with the help of high-level automation tools, the problems can be located, handled more efficiently. Fig. 1 shows the relationship between the existing problems in the substations and the proposed ways. The consistent standards are formulated to unify the data formats so all the information can be understood easily. The classification of information further makes all the information more concise and the human can understand them by categories including general information or anomaly information. The automation tools help the classification of different kinds of information and locate the true problems occurred in the substations. As shown in Fig. 1, the enhancement of automation level plays a very important role in the three potential solutions. It can help the classification of all the information in the substations. Meanwhile, it works to find the problems and recognition their types. So, it is necessary to develop or employ the artificial intelligence in the substation systems. Using these potential solutions, the problems occurred in the substations can be handled quicker with high effectiveness. Technology support Data format Fig. 1 The relationship between the problems in the substations and the proposed ways.

Conclusion
In this paper, we discuss some problems in the existing substations including low efficiency, inconsistent standards, and low automation levels. These problems make the monitoring of background information in the substations more difficult, which may cause big troubles in the smooth operating of the substations even the whole electrical system. Therefore, we correspondingly proposed three potential ways to deal with the three problems. With consistent standards, all the background information in the substations are classified into several categories. With the aid of new automation tools, the occurred problems in the substations can be quickly located and recognized. So, these problems can be handled with high efficiency and effectiveness.