Improving the presentation of safety briefings using the graphical method on the example of fire safety

. Ensuring fire safety is an important function of the state, which includes a set of measures to ensure the prevention of fires, their direct suppression and the conduct of rescue operations at the site.This article deals with the problems of providing instructions on fire safety. Based on the synthesis of the functions of the fire safety system, the tasks of the fire department and the statistical data of appeals to the fire service, as well as the provisions of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation, an idea was put forward to solve these problems. On the basis of the organization and implementation of fire prevention, which included conducting briefings and special classes with workers and employees of the fire safety facility, as well as other persons potentially associated with the occurrence of a fire, an operation was conducted to simulate a graphical presentation of fire safety briefings. Using the methodology of V.G. Burlov, the effectiveness of the use of improved fire safety instruction was proved.


Introduction
Fire safety is a state of protection of a person, property, society as a whole and the state from the probability of occurrence and development of fires. [1] The state should ensure the fire safety of people regardless of their occupation [2]: during labor and training activities. [3] According to statistical data of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergencies" for 2017, organizations registered 581 fires. [4] Fires cause enormous damage to the population and the state. The results of fires are large economic losses, and in some cases, human casualties. That is why the provision of fire safety is the most important task of each member of society and is carried out on a nationwide scale. This article discusses the improvement and the need for briefings on fire safety at production facilities.
Consider the main tasks of the fire department. These are: • Organization and implementation of fire prevention. [5][6][7] • Rescue of people and property in case of fires, first aid.
• Organization and implementation of extinguishing fires and conducting rescue operations. [8] Fire safety training is conducted according to the fire briefing program [9] and / or the fire-technical minimum with persons engaged in labor or official activities in various organizations. [10] The analysis of the effectiveness of the improved instruction was carried out according to the methodology of V.G. Burlov. [11] To assess the effectiveness of the developed instruction, a test of 5 questions was compiled. Previously, students of the 3rd year at the Higher School of Engineering and Technology at St. Petersburg University were divided into 2 groups. The first group studied advanced graphic instruction for 15 minutes. The second group got acquainted with the points from the Federal Law also for a limited period of 15 minutes. In both cases the points were presented: 1) Ensuring that the manager complies with the marking requirements when working with fire-hazardous substances.
2) The ban on the joint use, storage and transportation of fire-hazardous substances.
3) Providing the supervisor with work on cleaning the premises from industrial waste. 4) Impregnation of workers' working clothes with flame retardant.
Installation of the nearest exit signs not less than 60 m in cable structures [12].

Results
In the first stage of the experiment, the two groups of students had a fixed time to familiarize themselves with the material. It was 15 min (more 1= 2=15 min).
The next stage of the experiment was a test of the material studied.
In the experiment a group of students who studied advanced coaching, decided to take the test for 3 min 10 sec (more 1'). Time for a test of the second group studied the text instruction, was 5 min 50 sec (more 2').
Based on the methodology V. G Burlow [9] was set to the following variables: • the intensity of familiarization with the material; • the intensity of the test solution.
The test success rate for the first group of subjects: To determine the effectiveness of the use of advanced instruction, it is necessary to evaluate the success of passing the test by instructing an experimental group.

Conclusion
As a result of the study, it was found that the results of the success rate of passing the test of the first and second test groups diverge. Despite the fact that the time for acquaintance with the points of the Federal Law was given the same, the group studying the points of the Federal Law with a graphical representation had a result of 98% of the test passing success, and the group that studied the points directly reading the law received a result of 97.7% Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the proposed format of fire safety briefings at production facilities allows reducing time and improving the efficiency of material perception by trainees, while this practice can be extended to all areas of activity and all types of briefings. Further work will be to create typical briefings using the graphical method.