Influence of feed additive from secondary raw materials of starch-treacle production on sheep-producers productivity

Introduction to the diets of sheep-producers of wool (Jalgin merino) and meat-wool directions (Russian meat merino) productivity in the non-breeding and breeding period of the feed additive «corn Gluten» in the amount of 28 and 56 and 28 and 66 g per unit per day contributes to an increase in crude and digestible protein by 5,0 and 10,0 %, lysine by 1,52 and 3,0 %, methionine with cystine – by 5,2 and 12,7 %. In addition, the digestibility of dry matter of the diet (in the non-breeding period) is significantly increased by 3,85-6,74%, by 13,4-15,11% – raw protein, by 3,19-5,03% – raw fat, by 5,92-7,21% – raw fiber, as well as nitrogen-free extractive fraction – by 1,90-3,52%. Feed additive «corn Gluten» promotes a significant increase in the volume of ejaculate in breeding period by 2,45,7% and 2,8-7,0%, sperm activity and an indicator of resistance to 0,3-0,6 and 0,5-0,6 points and 450-800 units, sperm concentration – by 1,7-3,0 and 1,7-3,5 %, ewes’ fertility – by 3,0-5,0 and 2,0-3,0 %. The additional income from the sale of sperm products with an increase in the protein level in the diets of sheep-producers Jalgin merino and Russian meat merino by 5% is 3,63-4,32, and by 10 % – 8,20-10,26 thousand rubles.


Introduction
Sheep breeding has historically been practically the only source of such important products as wool, meat, milk, lamb pelts, fur and fur sheepskins. This is one of the most unique sectors of animal keeping, as it is able to provide human from his birth to the end of his life with many diverse and valuable products [1][2][3][4]. Improving the efficiency of herd reproduction through the use of the most valuable pedigree producers is one of the urgent problems in sheep breeding and is of great importance for the further development of the industry [5][6][7][8]. This is closely related to providing animals with complete feeds that would satisfy the need for all nutrients [9][10][11][12].
From literary sources, most authors believe that only with optimal feeding the reproductive qualities of sheep-producers are maximally manifested [13][14][15][16]. When overfeeding, underfeeding or feeding defective diets for energy, protein, mineral and vitamin nutrition, all physiological and reproductive processes in the animal organism decrease [17][18][19].
Diets used in agricultural enterprises to feed animals most often do not cover nutrient requirements. Therefore, the need arises for its enrichment with various feed additives, incorporating biologically active substances and having positive effect on health and reproductive functions of animals [20][21][22]. In this regard, agribusiness secondary raw materials are of great interest, namely, starch-treacle production (gluten, germ, pulp, sirup and others) [23].
Differentiated feeding standards for farm animals have not been significantly revised and adjusted for a long time. However, in recent years, ideas about a complete balanced feeding based on achievements in the field of physiology and biochemistry of nutrition have changed.
The aim of our research was to study the effect of feed additives «corn Gluten» on the need for protein nutrition in sheep-producers of wool and meat-wool productivity. The following tasks were set: -to study the producers' need for protein nutrition with additional feeding of corn gluten depending on the physiological state and sexual load; -to study the effect of the studied feed additive on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of sperm of sheep-producers.

Materials and methods
Studies on the need for protein nutrition of sheep-producers of wool (Jalgin merino) and meat-wool (Russian meat merino) areas of productivity when feeding a feed additive «corn Gluten» were held in agricultural production cooperative « Plemzavod Vtoraya Pyatiletka», Stavropol region. For this purpose, 9 heads of sheep-producers of the Jalgin merino breed and Russian meat merino were selected and three groups of animals were formed according to the principle of analog pairs (by age, live weight, wool cut, quantity and quality of sperm production) of each breed, 3 heads in each.
Based on the analysis of feeds and additives, diets for sheep-producers were compiled taking into account the direction of productivity and physiological state.
Sheeps ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ -experimental groups of breeds Jalgin and Russian meat merino in addition to the main rations (MR), which were compiled according to the norms of All-Russian Institute of Livestock and All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding, additionally received a feed additive -«corn Gluten» due non-breeding period by 28 and 56 g per unit per day and due breeding period -respectively 28 and 66 g.
All studies were conducted in the laboratory of veterinary medicine at All-Russian Research Institute of sheep and goat breeding, a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center» according to generally accepted methods.

Results and discussion
Sheep-producers of experimental (test) groups II and III were set on a diet including «corn Gluten» in the amount of 28 and 56 g per unit per day in a non-breeding period, the content of raw and digestible protein increased by 5,0 and 10,0 %, lysine by 1,41 and 3,7%, methionine with cystine -by 6,1 and 13,0 %. The introduction into the diets of sheepproducers of ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ of experimental groups in breeding period the above indicated feed additive in the amount of 28 and 66 g per unit per day increased the content of raw and digestible protein by 5,0 and 10,0 %, lysine by 1,52 and 3,0%, methionine with cystine -by 5,2 and 12,7 %.
The obtained data indicates that an increase in the protein level of nutritional value of diets contributed to the improvement of metabolic processes, which positively affected the productive qualities of sheep-producers (table 2).
Animals of ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ of experimental groups of the Jalgin merino breed exceeded the peers of the control group during the development period by 2,90 and 3,14 % (Р≤0,05), by Russian meat merino breed -by 3,8 and 4,2 % (Р≤0,05). Increase protein level in animal diets affected the increase in wool productivity in sheep-producers of ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ experimental (test) groups respectively by 2,75-3,19 % and 2,41-3,10 %. So, the fineness of the wool fibers of animal experimental groups corresponded to the productivity directions and amounted to 20 and 21 microns. By the length of the coat, the animals of experimental groups of Jalgin merino exceeded analogues of the control group by 2,7 and 4,6 % (Р≤0,05) or by 0,32 and 0,54 cm; of Russian meat merino this index was higher, respectively by 2,5 and 4,5% (Р≤0,05) or by 0,2 and 0,4 cm.
Biochemical blood tests were performed during the development of sheep-producers, the results are presented in table 3.
The results show that when feeding with the additive «corn Gluten» the sheep-producers of wood productivity directions of II and III -experimental groups, compared with animals of I -control group, the content of erythrocytes increased by 8,1 (Р<0,05) and 17,4% Р<0,01), leukocytes by 6,8 and 9,5% (Р<0,05), hemoglobin by 4,5 and 10,5% (Р<0,05), the amount of total protein in blood serum increased by 10,3 and 15,5% (Р<0,01), calcium by 15,5 and 25,4 % Р<0,001), phosphorus by 9,6 (Р<0,05) and 16,3 % (Р<0,01). In animals of experimental groups, when feeding with the additive in blood serum, enzymatic activity (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) significantly increases, which indicates an increased metabolism. The same trend was observed when gluten was fed to corn sheep-producers of meat and wool productivity. The hematological parameters obtained during the studies in all experimental animals were within the physiological norm and are confirmed by the productivity indicators of the rams. In terms of quantity and quality of sperm production, its fertilizing ability, sheepproducers of the experimental (test) groups of the wool and meat-wool directions of productivity with an increased protein level in diets of 5 and 10% had an advantage (table  4).
From sheep-producers of the wool productivity direction of the experimental groups compared with animals of the control group for breeding period, more than 15-36 sperm doses were received in the amount of 3,85-8,65 thousand rubles, and from sheep of the meat and wool direction -by 18-45 sperm dose and 4,54-10,71 thousand rubles. The additional income from the sale of sperm products (with an average prevailing selling price of 228,66 rubles per sperm dose) with an increase in the protein level in the diets of sheep producers by 5% is 3,63-4,32, and by 10 % -8,20-10,26 thousand rubles.

Conclusion
Thus, the research results showed that an increase in protein nutrition of the diets of sheepproducers of various directions of productivity by 5.0 and 10.0% of raw protein due to the additional introduction of «corn Gluten» had a positive effect on the digestibility of dietary nutrients, an increase in ejaculate volume, sperm activity and an indicator of resistance, sperm concentration, fertilization of ewes and additional income from the sale of sperm production.