Factors influencing the economic mechanism of the development of small and medium-sized dairy cattle breeding enterprises

. This article includes analysis of factors influencing economic mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the area of dairy farming. To accomplish the main task, the authors used economic parameters of the production results of small and medium-sized enterprises according to the financial statements of federal and regional government bodies, as well as official data from the Central Bank of Russia, the Territorial Authority of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Chelyabinsk Region and data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Federal Tax Service. The Chelyabinsk Region was chosen as a typical region for study. This research was conducted based on data from the register of small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on statistical data, small and medium-sized enterprises were divided into groups, economic parameters were calculated for each group of subjects, quantitative factors were defined that have the greatest impact on the efficiency of the economic mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.


Introduction
The state and prospects of development of small and medium-sized businesses in the dairy farming sector of the agro-industrial complex are one of the main levers of the development of the domestic economy. Small and medium-sized businesses can be created in any sector of the economy, but their presence in the dairy industry contributes to ensuring food security and increasing the welfare of the country's population. Analysis of the works of Russian and foreign scientists has shown that the issues of factors affecting the economic mechanism of small and medium-sized businesses in the dairy sector of animal husbandry remain insufficiently studied.

Materials and methods
For studying the influence of factors on the economic mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized dairy cattle breeding enterprises, statistical and economic and mathematical methods of research were used. These methods allow finding weaknesses in the implementation of the economic mechanism for the development of small and mediumsized enterprises in the area of dairy farming.
Analysis of statistical data showed that for the period from 2010 to 2018 there are negative changes in milk production by regional farms of all categories (Figure 1).

Fig. 1. Milk production in the Chelyabinsk Region [2,3]
According to the Registrer of small and medium-sized businesses, in the dairy farming of the Chelyabinsk region, sole proprietors and farmers belonging to the category of microenterprises predominate.
Analysis of statistical data showed that in the existing institutional structure, microenterprises with the organizational form of IE or PFH have the main share among small and medium-sized enterprises producing cow's raw milk. However, practical analysis revealed that the production of dairy products in the Chelyabinsk Region is carried out by large and medium-sized enterprises operating both on their own-produced raw materials and on raw materials purchased from local suppliers, as well as imported from other regions and countries (for example, Belarus). Thus, presence in institutional structure of the predominant share of small and microenterprises does not meet regional demand for raw milk.
Current situation can be explained by the fact that over the past 10 years the number of large cattle in regional agricultural organizations was decreasing, and there was just slight increase in PFHs.
Analysis of theory and practice allows the authors to define general factors and their elements that influence the economic mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the sphere of dairy farming (Table 1). Main factors holding back the development of dairy farming in large business are long payback periods and low profitability of dairy products relative to other agricultural activities, however, government support is oriented more on medium-sized and large enterprises . But the analysis of statistical data showed that it is reasonable to divide small and medium-sized enterprises in groups according to their livestock in order to make a qualitative assessment of the influence of factors on the economic mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized dairy cattle breeding enterprises. When analyzing the influence of the concentration of cow livestock on the efficiency of the economic mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Chelyabinsk Region, subjects were divided into three groups. The most profitable farms are concentrated in the third group with a livestock of more than 700 animals. Average annual cost share in the revenue of this group of entities is 65%, while in smaller productions this cost can reach 98% of revenue. Thus, the superiority of large production over small one is obvious. However, production concentration is an important, but not the only factor that has an effect on the effectiveness of the economic mechanism for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Comparative analysis revealed that the share of agriculture in total loan provision is small and, according to the Central Bank of Russia, over the past 10 years it has increased from 1.45 to 2.70% of total loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.
Practical analysis revealed that preferential loans and subsidizing in the sphere of dairy cattle breeding are more accessible for medium-sized and large enterprises. According to the List of borrowers applying for preferential short-term loans and preferential investment loans -according to which the Russian Ministry of Agriculture made a positive decision to include in the List of borrowers -21 entities in the sphere of dairy cattle breeding on the territory of Chelyabinsk Region were included in this List from January 23, 2019 to January 15, 2020. It should be mentioned that none of the 21 entities was a small business. Most of approved loans are loans with a term of up to 1 year (Table 3) [1,4,5]. Table 3. Characteristics of the criteria for preferential short-term loans and preferential investment loans according to which the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia made a positive decision to include in the List of borrowers from January 23, 2019 to January 15, 2020 (Chelyabinsk Region) However, scale and amount of loans and subsidies are significant, but not the only factors influencing the economic mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises. The greater the subsidy for increasing productivity in dairy cattle breeding and for the production and sales of market milk and the amount of partial reimbursement of the interest rate on investment loans for the development of livestock, processing of its products, development of infrastructure and logistics for livestock markets, the higher the profitability of enterprise.

Results and discussion
Based on the results of this study, the authors made the following conclusions: -growth of profitability of small and medium-sized enterprises from the group with livestock of under 200 animals is influenced by the growth in government subsidies and lowering agricultural insurance costs. It should be noted that programs for subsidizing and preferential loans to small and medium-sized enterprises in dairy farming are actively implemented in the Chelyabinsk Region but the analysis reveals that such parameters as volume of partial reimbursement of the costs of agricultural producers for paying the insurance accrued under the agricultural insurance contract in the field of animal husbandry and weighted average interest rates on loans granted by credit institutions to small and medium-sized business in RUR, from 1 to 3 years, have little effect on profitability level. This fact indicates that it is government subsidy that is the most promising source of funding this type of subjects, as bank loans programs are not fully available for this group of small and medium-sized enterprises.
-growth of profitability of small and medium-sized enterprises from a group with livestock from 201 to 700 animals is influenced by the growth of partial reimbursement of interest rate on short-term loans for the development of livestock production, processing and sales of livestock products and the growth of subsidies for increasing productivity in dairy cattle breeding and the production and sales of market milk; as well as by reduction in average interest rate on loans granted by credit organizations to small and medium-sized enterprises in RUR, from 1 to 3 years, and the cost of insurance tariffs for agricultural insurance with state support. Results obtained for this group of subjects show the need to develop programs for this group related to both preferential bank loans and direct government subsidies.
-growth of profitability of small and medium-sized enterprises from a group with livestock over 700 animals is influenced by the growth of partial reimbursement of interest E3S Web of Conferences 176, 05015 (2020) IDSISA 2020 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /202017605015 rate on investment loans for the development of livestock production, processing of its products, development of infrastructure and logistics for livestock production markets and the amount of subsidies for increasing productivity in dairy cattle breeding and the production and sales of market milk, as well as reducing the cost of paying insurance tariffs on agricultural insurance with state support, and the amount of calculated fixed agricultural tax.