Creative Product Design of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Yi Nationality Based on QFD -TRIZ

. In order to inherit the intangible cultural heritage of Yi nationality and enhance the added value of the local cultural tourism products, this paper combines QFD and TRIZ to carry out research on the creative product design of intangible cultural heritage of Yi nationality. Firstly, draw technical conflicts by analyzing user needs and product technical requirements with QFD. Secondly, describe it as a standard problem using TRIZ theory, and a reasonable solution to cultural and creative product design is obtained by querying the contradiction matrix table. Finally, through design demonstration, the integration of QFD and TRIZ provides an effective and scientific method for creative product design of intangible cultural heritage of Yi nationality, and new research idea for innovative design of cultural and creative products.


Introduction
With the rapid development of social economy and the explosion of information brought by science and technology, various cultural and creative products have emerged one wave after another [1][2]. However, there are a large number of minority Intangible Cultural Heritage creative products lack of market and attention. Taking Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage creative products as an example, its development is relatively backward. With serious homogenization which renders products neither to meet the modern aesthetic standards, nor to show the characteristics of Yi customs [3]. Therefore, this paper will analyze the importance of consumer demand and the key problems of product technology with the QFD(quality model house), and then transform consumer need into product design requirement. And finally analyze the problem situation with TRIZ(Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems), which could quickly discover the nature and contradiction of the problem, and adopt the 40 basic measures commonly used in TRIZ to solve the problem. Finally, a set of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage creative products, which is more practical and beautiful and widely welcomed by consumers, is designed to promote local economic development and promote traditional culture.

QFD and TRIZ integrated applications
Proposed by Japanese quality management master Yoji Akao and Shigeru Mizuno, the QFD, Quality Function Deployment, aims to ensure that product design meets customer needs and values all the time. The core is to transform user needs into engineering characteristics and establish a direct mapping relationship between user needs and product design elements through quality house [4]. However, due to QFD models are limited to problem finding and analysis, it can not provide innovative ideas and tools. As a result, this paper will also utilize innovative design problem-solving tools in TRIZ to address the problem. Derived from the summary and analysis of 2.5 million patents by Genrich S.Altshuler, TRIZ is a problem-solving, analysis based on the principle of knowledge system, it is considered as a toolkit solution and provides a series of analytical methods and solutions for the problems [5][6]. The combination of QFD and TRIZ to develop products can achieve complementary advantages, accurately capture user pain points, and make the product design process clear. The application process of QFD and TRIZ integration is shown in figure 1.

Demand Analysis of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage Creative Products
In order to make the design closer to the ideal state, 30 cultural and creative product designers, 200 tourists who came to the Yi area and 30 local Yi residents were randomly surveyed in the early stage of the design, and a total of 260 questionnaires were obtained. After summarizing the survey data, it is concluded that the needs of user experience mainly include cultural, practical, aesthetic, functional, technological, economic and publicity. In the process of product design, we grade the importance of user's demand into 7 levels and comprehensively analyze tourist demand and the design goal of tourist souvenirs. Therefore, we can design and produce according to the importance of each customer's demand [7]. According to the design method and quality requirement of cultural and creative product, the technical requirements of Yi's cultural and creative products are summarized based on the principle of macro and pertinence, and 10 technical requirements are obtained: modeling rich in Yi's Intangible Cultural Heritage cultural characteristics, reasonable color match, high compressive strength, suitable material, functional diversification, small size, beautiful shape, easy processing, controllable cost and stable structure.

Building a Quality Model House
According to the research data, the quality house of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage creative products is constructed within the framework of QFD theory, and the importance of user demand and technical demand is scored into the quality house to obtain a comprehensive score. It can be concluded that the technical requirements of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage cultural and creative souvenirs are ranked in order of importance, and the three technical indexes in the top three are taken as the key product technical requirements, which are: "modeling rich in Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage cultural characteristics", "functional diversification"and "small size", as shown in figure 2.

Technical Contradictions of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage Creative Products
This paper analyzes the roof matrix of Yi cultural and creative product quality house，seeks the interrelation between the technical requirements, and determines the technical conflict [8]. Three important technical conflicts can be concluded: there is a strong negative correlation between "modeling rich Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage cultural characteristics"and "easy processing"；there is a strong negative correlation between "functional diversification"and "stable structure"； there is a negative correlation between "small size"and "high compressive strength".

Analysis of Design Contradiction under TRIZ
Regarding the contradiction between the above three pairs of actual processing technology transform it into the conventional TRIZ standard technical contradiction, and then refer to the TRIZ contradiction matrix table of version 03 [9]. The 48 improved general engineering parameters are corresponding to 40 invention principles, and the design scheme model for solving the problem is obtained in the matrix. (Table 1) To solve the contradiction between "modeling rich in Yi's Intangible Cultural Heritage cultural characteristics"and "easy processing", we should improve the "aesthetic"parameters, but "manufacturability"will deteriorate. The following design examples will be designed using the above principles: NO.1(segmentation), NO.2(extraction), NO.6 (generality), NO.10(pre-operation), NO.13(reverse), NO.16(not reach or exceed function), NO.22(change harm to benefit), NO.25(self-service). The other two pairs of contradictions use the same step. Demonstration of product design of intangible cultural heritage of Yi nationality

Re-engineering of cultural elements of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Yi Nationality
Nowadays, the development of Yi tourism industry chain is not enough, and the development of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage cultural creation products lacks the local cultural characteristics of Yi nationality group. On the one hand, Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage production enterprises generally have insufficient technical funds, small scale and not high management level, which result their inability of launching cultural and creative products with strong local cultural characteristics [3]. On the other hand, the single variety of Yi cultural and creative which lacks the collection and appreciation value of cultural and creative souvenirs on the market, limits the tourists' consumption desire and further restricts the benign development of the local industrial chain. Only the characteristic Yi cultural and creative products will attract the attention and stimulus users' purchase desire.
On the basis of the contradiction matrix, it is concluded that the "Yi characteristics"and "processing technology"correspond respectively to the "beauty"and "manufacturability"of 48 general engineering parameters. Provided by the matrix, the invention principle is numbered NO.1( segmentation), NO.2( extraction), NO.6( general), NO.10( pre-operation), NO.16( failure to achieve or exceed the function) and NO.22( change damage to profit). Aiming at this pair of contradictions, simplify and refine the design, decoration, ribbon and other elements of Yi triangle bag through the principle of invention NO.2 extraction. And then combine the unique elements of Yi nationality group with cultural and creative products to ensure the practicability and decoration of cultural and creative products. By using the principle NO.6 generality of invention, the product is divided into components which are easy to assemble and disassemble, so that a product has many functions. And replace the traditional handmade high cost materials with ordinary materials that can be processed in large quantities according to the principle of material replacement. Such design not only the iconic features of the Yi triangle package, but also achieves the effect of simplifying the process steps and combine the traditional culture of Yi nationality with modern life (Figure 3).

People-centred design philosophy
With the goals of creativity and life practicality, most of the cultural and creative products are in the design of relatively small, light, beautifully packaged, creative [10]. The development of such creative products is the best choice for foreign tourists to bring home or give as gifts to friends, and is also one of the important carriers for the extension of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage. When the product meets the characteristics of ingenuity and lightness, it is necessary to reduce its volume. However, meanwhile the strength of the product against external forces will be reduced, causing the increasing probability of deformation and damage.
Aiming at the contradiction between "volume of moving object"and "strength", first of all, considering from the angle of inclusion, rotation, vertical and horizontal through the principle of NO.7 suit, nest and design the components of cultural and creative product, so that one component can penetrate into another original. Apply the principle of NO.9 pre-addition reaction principle and NO.40 composite material, and utilize nylon cloth, PVC, PU and other materials with strong elasticity, comfortable hand feeling, excellent compression resistance, mechanical properties, and relatively low production cost, wide application range, and easy processing. Finally, by applying the NO.15 number dynamic principle, the inclusion package is divided into different parts, some of which can be expanded, combined, or folded up. Folding up will also reduce the volume, make it moveable, and make the shape more stretch and beautiful. The handbag designed after this operation is exquisite and chic, emphasizing "light, thin, short and small", which is convenient for tourists to travel and carry. User usage is shown in Figure  4.

Function optimization design
Through the analysis of the questionnaire, the majority of the tourist are middle-aged people who have high expectations on the function of the cultural and creative products. If the diversification of product functions is increased, which means that the complexity of cultural and creative product devices will be enhanced, the stability of souvenir structure will be reduced. Aiming at the contradiction between "device complexity"and "structural stability", the invention principle NO.24 the intermediary principle are used to divide the product into components which are easy to assemble and expand, so that a product has many functions. Considering the placement problem after use, the shape of Yi triangle bag is changed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional by using the principle of NO.36 phase state conversion and NO.2 extraction, expanding the capacity of the product, and reconstructing the internal hollowing, increasing the storage function and improving its practicability. We need to combine the principle of NO.2, NO.24 and NO.36 invention skillfully. The shape of the triangle package relative to the plane is first converted into three-dimensional, and then the interior is accurately divided into the area of placing items, such as lipstick area and mobile phone area; at the same time, the stability of product placement which not in use is guaranteed. That is to meet the needs of users, and achieve the functional value of the package. The functional diversity is shown in Figure 5.

Conclusion
This paper applies the QFD and TRIZ integrated methods to carry out the research of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage creation product design. The innovation point of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage creation product is found accurately by using the QFD to explore the contradiction conflict between the user and the product technology in the process of interaction and querying the contradiction matrix table to resolve the conflict in the system. Through the demonstration of triangle package redesign, this method can effectively solve the innovative design problems of Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage cultural and creative products in practical, aesthetic and functional aspects. It can also better meet the needs of users, provide a scientific method for Yi Intangible Cultural Heritage cultural and creative product design, and hopefully provide new research ideas for the design of other similar products in the market. Continue innovation and optimization, and solve the product process, details, follow-up design and other problems from the user needs. Finally paying attention to the user experience is the main work of the next step.