Determining the qualitative working indices for various forms of the active body of a rut soil compartmentation equipment

. The subdivision of ruts represents the process of periodic formation between their ridges of small soil dams, small pools of water accumulation created in the processed soil with the help of equipment to open watering channels in order to reduce the phenomenon of erosion and to make more efficient use of the water from precipitation or by using sprinkler systems. This is a method of soil and water conservation that is used on inclined lands with a slope of less than 6 o or on disturbed land. The practice began to be widely adopted following the use of new herbicide technologies necessary for weed control but also for improving the mechanical equipment for dam construction. In this paper are presented the results obtained from the optimization of the dimensions and the shape of the working body of the PCVM2,2 + EMBC2 equipment used in the compartmentation of the ruts in the vine-apple orchards with calculation of the qualitative indices of obtained work.


Introduction
The soil represents the layer from the surface of the earth's crust and is composed of mineral particles, water, air, organic matter and living organisms. It is a non-renewable resource located at the intersection of land, water and air and fulfils a number of vital functions: the production of food or biomass, source of biodiversity, habitats, species and genes, storage and transformation of many substances, source of raw materials, heritage geological and archaeological, carboniferous basin, serves as a platform or physical environment for humans and human activities. The capacity of the land is limited and the demand for natural resources from society is increasing [1,6]. Water has been identified as one of the scarce resources, which can severely restrict and even compromise agricultural production and productivity, unless is carefully managed and conserved. [13] In the case of sloping ground, the rainwater flows to the soil surface, thus not being used by plants and at the same time causing soil degradation through erosion, an extremely serious process encountered on one third of the agricultural surface of the country and at the bottom accumulating excess water which causes flooding of plants [1,6,15].
Recent climate change has the potential to affect agricultural production due to changes in temperature and precipitations. Changes in the distribution and quantities of precipitation are of the most critical factors that influence the global climate. Under these conditions, the need arises to develop new technologies that increase the efficiency of the use of rainwater and to support the quality of the soil and the environment in order to obtain the most profitable agricultural products. Current scenarios predict that climate change will increase the water shortage in Southern Romania [1].
In the southern part of Romania, characterized by a temperate continental climate, there is a need to conserve "in-situ" soil moisture due to insufficient rainfall for agriculture [9]. Rainwater collection has the potential to reduce soil erosion and improve the productivity of these areas. Rainwater harvesting is a general term used to describe the collection and concentration of surface runoffs for various uses, including for agricultural and household use [2].
Sloped agricultural areas can lose much of the water from precipitation by surface runoff and large amounts of soil by erosion. The process of soil loss due to erosion has been increasingly studied in recent times [5].
The interrupted watering furrows are necessary on lands with slopes or slopes that cause the drainage and accumulation of water in micro-depressions, lands that have been arranged for irrigation by sprinkling, using fixed or mobile installations [8].
The "in situ" systems, Figure 1, are the simplest and the cheapest approaches for rainwater harvesting and can be practiced in many agricultural systems. Also called water conservation works systems, they involve the use of methods to increase the amount of water stored in the soil profile by capturing or maintaining water from precipitation [3,8,10]. Higher infiltration also means higher soil moisture content. Increased soil water content allows optimal plant development [5]. Studies establishing empirical equations to estimate the conservation efficiency of compartmentalized furrows have been conducted [11,12].
The use of compartmentalised furrows in semi-arid areas has significantly influenced agricultural production [4]. In the case of irrigated crops, developing optimal water management for irrigation is important for water productivity and improving food security. Therefore, the introduction of knowledge on the need for water for crop irrigation is essential [5,9].
In the paper are presented the results obtained from the optimization of the dimensions and the shape of the working body of the PCVM2,2 + EMBC2 equipment used in the compartmentation of ruts in the vine-apple orchards with calculation of the qualitative indices of obtained work.

Material and method
The equipment for moulding the soil in compartmentalised furrows in vine-orchard plantations., PCVM2,2+EMBC2-0 ( Figure 2) performs compartmentalized furrows at vine-tree plantations, in order to accumulate water from rainfall in the soil on which the drops fall, thus avoiding the flow of water outside the cultivated perimeter or accumulation in depressive areas, on lands with slopes up to 5 %, on soils with light, medium or heavy texture, at a depth of at least 250 mm, at a moisture close to the minimum threshold. The equipment for moulding the soil in compartmentalized furrows at vine-orchard plantations, PCVM2,2 + EMBC2-0 has the following main subassemblies: a clearance lister, a device for realizing compartmentalized furrows provided with a control mechanism and optionally two arrow blades if hoeing is desired.
Constructive description of the device for making compartmentalized furrows ( Figure 3) consists in the following main parts: control mechanism, rotor support, pallet rotor and grounding mechanism of the racquet pallet. Adjusting the furrow compartmenting mechanism will allow for soil dams along the fence at distances of 1.5; 3 or 6. The control mechanism consists of: wheel with spur, a transmission and drive mechanism.
Wheel with spurs is metallic and provided with steel spurs on the hoop, with the role of increasing the adhesion of the wheel to the ground, thus avoiding its skidding. The wheel with spurts will be mounted articulated at the rear central part of the frame, having the possibility of vertical oscillation around the axis that drives the cams, in order to copy the land in the working process. For the transport position, the spinning wheel will be fixed upright.
Transmission it is of the chain type and has the role of transmitting the movement from the spinning wheel to the camshaft axle. The transmission consists mainly of: support, chain wheels, 10 A chain and mudguard.
The drive mechanism ( Figure 4) has the role of unlocking the pallet rotor to form the ground plug on the furrow. It is composed of the following main parts: 3 pieces (2 cams and one piece for the wheel with spurs); locking bolt. In Figure 5 is presented the kinematic diagram of the fencing compartment equipment. The camshaft supports are mounted on the rear bar of the frame, behind the body and the camshaft and the lever will be mounted on the mounted on the bar behind the frame in the central position, in the direction of the steering wheel.
The cam wheel is made from a disc parallel to the bearing disc and the cam wheel is mounted on the cams (1,2 or 3), depending on the distance chosen to make the bushing compartment stops. The lever is mounted articulated on the support, in the direction of the cams and has at one end a roller and at the other end a bolt for fixing the steel cable. The cable has the role of transmitting the movement from the lever driven by the cam, to the locking pin of the rotor with pallets. The locking ratchet is made from an axis, with a welded plate at the end. The shaft slides into two translation couplings represented by two steel bushes fixed on the rotor support. An arc is mounted on the shaft which compresses when the lock mechanism is actuated and helps to lock the pallet when the control mechanism does not operate. The trigger mechanism operates safely and without locking.
The rotor support it is mounted on the sidebar of the frame, behind the body. The support consists of a vertical support, a fork and a support bar for the spring that presses the has the role of unlocking the pallet rotor to form the ground plug on the furrow. It is composed of the following main parts: -camshaft holder, in 3 pieces (2 cams and one piece for the wheel with spurs); -cam wheel; -lever / cable and 5 is presented the kinematic diagram of the fencing compartment equipment.
Kinematic schematic of split compartment equipment.
cable, 5-lever, 6-cam The camshaft supports are mounted on the rear bar of the frame, behind the body and the camshaft and the lever will be mounted on the support. The steering wheel bracket is mounted on the bar behind the frame in the central position, in the direction of the steering The cam wheel is made from a disc parallel to the bearing disc and the cam wheel is depending on the distance chosen to make the bushing compartment stops. The lever is mounted articulated on the support, in the direction of the cams and has at one end a roller and at the other end a bolt for fixing the steel cable. The e of transmitting the movement from the lever driven by the cam, to the locking pin of the rotor with pallets. The locking ratchet is made from an axis, with a welded plate at the end. The shaft slides into two translation couplings represented by two l bushes fixed on the rotor support. An arc is mounted on the shaft which compresses when the lock mechanism is actuated and helps to lock the pallet when the control mechanism does not operate. The trigger mechanism operates safely and without locking.
it is mounted on the sidebar of the frame, behind the body. The support consists of a vertical support, a fork and a support bar for the spring that presses the pallet rotor on the ground. The fork is hinged to the upright support, can swin vertically and supports the pallet rotor, the lower end of the spring of the squeegee pallet in the ground and the axle guide bushings of the rotor lock ratchet.
The rotor consists of 4 pallets of pentagonal shape arranged on an axis, the angle between 2 adjacent pallets has the value position that facilitates the approach of the working section to the plant row without the pallets damaging the plants.
The spring pressing the scraper pallet between the rotor support fork and the bar provided on the vertical support.

Working conditions
The experiments under operating conditions for determining the qualitative indices, were performed on the experimental group belonging to INMA was carried out in a soil following a corn crop, the Universal 445 working speed was between 2.1; 2.5; 3.1 km / h; the working width was 1400 mm; the soil was of the chernozem type; main preliminary works consisted of the dimensions of the initial rotor blade were: 260; 120; 260; and after opti 400; 200; 260.
Determining the optimum section of the watering channel In order to accumulate as much water as possible, it is necessary to have a surface as large as possible under the required conditions. In the case of watering furrows, t has the form of a trapeze and in order to have minimal expenses, the surface of the trapeze must be maximum at a given perimeter. The perimeter used consists of the small base and the two oblique sides, Figure 6.
In order to express the function [11] in relation to the parameters of the problem, the following data are used: relation 1 is the area of the trapezoid section; relation 2 is the perimeter used, α, the angle between the large base B and the side l.  pallet rotor on the ground. The fork is hinged to the upright support, can swing freely vertically and supports the pallet rotor, the lower end of the spring of the squeegee pallet in s of the rotor lock ratchet. consists of 4 pallets of pentagonal shape arranged on an axis, the angle tween 2 adjacent pallets has the value 90 o . The pallets have the vertical outer side, a position that facilitates the approach of the working section to the plant row without the the scraper pallet on the soil is mounted by means of a steel rod between the rotor support fork and the bar provided on the vertical support.
The experiments under operating conditions for determining the qualitative indices, were performed on the experimental group belonging to INMA-Bucharest. The research was carried out in a soil following a corn crop, the Universal 445-L tractor was used; The working speed was between 2.1; 2.5; 3.1 km / h; the working width was 1400 mm; the soil was of the chernozem type; main preliminary works consisted of ploughing and discussing; the dimensions of the initial rotor blade were: 260; 120; 260; and after optimization were: Determining the optimum section of the watering channel In order to accumulate as much water as possible, it is necessary to have a surface as large as possible under the required conditions. In the case of watering furrows, the section has the form of a trapeze and in order to have minimal expenses, the surface of the trapeze must be maximum at a given perimeter. The perimeter used consists of the small base and [11] in relation to the parameters of the problem, the following data are used: relation 1 is the area of the trapezoid section; relation 2 is the perimeter used, α, the angle between the large base B and the side l. (2) and the angle α are required so that the section of the , the two variables are: [rad]

• [ ]
In this case we have h = 0.17 m, therefore = =

Results: = =
The optimum width of the watering channel in the case of sowing crops sown at a distance between rows of 0.6 m so that the roots of the plants are not affected is 0.4 m.

Qualitative work indices for the dimensions of the before and after optimization
During the tests under operating conditions, the procedures specific to the testing of the soil modelling devices were used and the following metrologically verified measuring and control devices and equipment were used: digital portable HH2 moisture meter with Theta sensor ML2X samples, mechanical mechanical chronometer, furrow-meter, rulers, and compaction were determined at the time of testing and qualit the dimensions of the gullet made with the rotor with blades (    The following measuring and control devices and equipment were used to determine the degree of ground clearance: sieve with 80 mm, 50 mm, 20 mm holes; 160 kg mechanical scale; metric frame; row.
The procedure for determining the degree of ground clearance is carried out as follows: at a distance of at least 20 m from the end of the plot, the metric frame is thrown and the surface of 1 m 2 is marked. Clogs larger than 100 mm are chosen and weighed and the rest of the soil, until the bottom of the furrow is taken with a shovel and passed in stages through the 80 mm, 50 mm and 20 mm sieves. All the fractions of the soil are summed and the percentage for each fraction is individually calculated: > 100 mm; 80-50 mm; 50-20 mm and < 20 mm. The procedure is repeated three times to obtain the most accurate results.
In Figure 10 are presented the four versions of blades with which the rotors were equipped and for which qualitative indices were determined for the equipment to open and compartmentalize the watering furrows. a) straight blades with which the equipment was equipped until optimization b) straight blade with optimized dimensions c) inclined blade with optimized dimensions d) curved blade with dimensions after optimization Fig. 10. Types of blades. Tables 1 and 2 show the results of moisture and penetration resistance of the soil used for experiments. From table 1 it is shown that the moisture conducted under optimal conditions. A high to pallets and therefore the impossibility of testing the equipment. From the analysis of the measured values regarding the conjunction with the classes of resistance of the soil to penetration (according to Methodology I.C.P.A., 1987) it resulted that in a small compacted.

Results and discussions
Following the procedure for determining the degree of the tests were performed, the following results -fractions with a size greater than 100 mm, a percentage of 7 -fractions with the size in the range of 50 -fractions with the size between 20 and 50 mm -fractions less than 20 mm in size, 43 % Because the fractions smaller than 50 mm are in a percentage of that the soil is sufficiently well-prepared for conducting Figure 11 presents the qualitative indices four versions of working bodies. a moisture of the soil allows the experiments to be under optimal conditions. A high soil moisture creates conditions for its sticking to pallets and therefore the impossibility of testing the equipment. resistance to penetration.
Penetration resistance, kN / Sample no. From the analysis of the measured values regarding the soil resistance to penetration in conjunction with the classes of resistance of the soil to penetration (according to Methodology I.C.P.A., 1987) it resulted that in a small percentage the soil is extremely Following the procedure for determining the degree of soil grinding on the plot where the following results were obtained: fractions with a size greater than 100 mm, a percentage of 7 %; fractions with the size in the range of 50 -80 mm, a percentage of 12 %; fractions with the size between 20 and 50 mm, a percentage of 38 %; %. Because the fractions smaller than 50 mm are in a percentage of more than 80%, is indicated conducting the measurement in good conditions. presents the qualitative indices obtained from the tests performed with the b c Fig. 11. Qualitative indices obtained from the tests.
From Figure 11 a) it is shown that the only dimension that does not change is the distance between the dams. In Figure 11  The width of the bottom of the furrow the initial equipping of the equipment's rotor with the dimensions obtained after optimization (from 9.9 cm to

Conclusions
By measuring the qualitative indices, a significant difference is observed between the dimensions obtained with the initial version highlighting the influence that this dimension has on the volume of water to be stored by the compartmented furrow.
From the presented data, the following conclusions result: -an increase of the section of the watering channel of more than 200 modification of the dimensions of the working body and taking into account that the distance between the mini dams does not change significantly; -a volume of water that can be stored between -comparing the height of the mini dam made to the dimensions obtained from the optimization calculation results in a higher height in the case of the use of curved blades, therefore a in front of the larger working member in their case; -After testing the operating conditions of the four the version in which the curved blade was used obtained the best quality indices.
Following the experiments conducted work indices were obtained that fall within the agrotechnical requirements of the soil modelling work. igure 11 a) it is shown that the only dimension that does not change is the 11 b), the height of the dam is shown, where a significant increase from 19 cm is observed. for the rotor with the non-optimized straight blade up to 27.8.cm. In the case of the equipment equipped with rotor with curved blades to the dimensions obtained after optimization, a significant increase of about 50% due to the amount of material accumulated in front of the working body.
11 c) has values higher than the size of the working body values obtained with the help of the opening angle of the rut, but in this case, we have differences of about 20% obtained as a result of changing the dimensions of the blades. furrow (Figure 11 d) varies from simple in the case of rotor to almost double in the case of using blades with the dimensions obtained after optimization (from 9.9 cm to 19.6 cm).
By measuring the qualitative indices, a significant difference is observed between the version and those obtained with the optimized version, the influence that this dimension has on the volume of water to be stored by , the following conclusions result: watering channel of more than 200 % following the modification of the dimensions of the working body and taking into account that the does not change significantly; a volume of water that can be stored between mini dams at least three times larger; mini dam to the three constructive versions of blades made to the dimensions obtained from the optimization calculation results in a higher height in the case of the use of curved blades, therefore an amount of material accumulated in front of the larger working member in their case; After testing the operating conditions of the four versions of blades, it was shown that in which the curved blade was used obtained the best quality indices. according to the standards in force, qualitative work indices were obtained that fall within the agrotechnical requirements of the soil Romanian Education and Research Ministry, through Programme 1 development system, subprogramme 1.2 -Institutional Projects for financing excellence in RDI, contract no. 16PFE and European Social Fund from the Sectoral Operational Programme Human Capital 2014-2020, through the Financial