Economic valuation of Blue Lagoon Tourism Village Widodomartani Sleman

Blue Lagoon Tourism Village is one of the developing tourism villages in Sleman Regency. Blue Lagoon Tourism Village has great potential to become an advanced tourism village when viewed from the aspect of attraction, accessibility, facilities, and ancillary services (4A). Research objectives are to calculate the economic valuation using the travel cost method and calculate bequest value of the Blue Lagoon Tourism Village. This research conducted by sequential explanatory technique that uses quantitative and qualitative methods in sequence. Assessment of the economic value of tourism activities in the Blue Lagoon analyzed using the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM). Multiple linear regression tests were also conducted to obtain the value of regression function. Otherwise calculation of bequest value is carried out using the contingency valuation method (CVM) in the form of willingness to pay (WTP). Potential economic value of Blue Lagoon Tourism Village is IDR 6 019 052 924 yr, while actual economic income is IDR 1 802 827 450 or 23.05 % of economic potential. Bequest value of Blue Lagoon is IDR 610 521 783 yr with 6.45 ha of area, so bequest value based on area is IDR 94 650 758.


Introduction
Tourism is all activities related to the object of attraction with the aim of refreshing physical and psychological conditions. Tourism is an important sector that can significantly boost the economy, especially in archipelagic countries such as Indonesia [1]. Developments in the tourism sector can also encourage other sectors to grow, especially in tourist receiving areas. The tourism sector can be used as a solution by the government in economic development. That is because the tourism sector can touch certain economic groups up to the lower classes [2].
Tourism is one of the leading sectors in Sleman Regency. One of policy made by the Sleman Regency Government is maximizing tourism potential by developing tourism villages. Village tourism is a program that combines attractions, accommodation, and facilities and is presented in a unity of community life with prevailing traditions. Tourism village is a village that is developed without changing what already exists and is more likely to explore potential by utilizing all aspects contained in the village [2]. Figure 1 Illustrate that Sleman Regency has 37 tourism villages. Huge amount of tourism village indicates that Sleman Regency has great potential in developing the tourism sector through tourism villages. The rapid growth that occurred in tourism on a village basis occurs because people have switched from conventional tourism products to tourism products related to nature, culture, and also environmentally friendly [3]. Blue Lagoon Tourism Village located in Widodomartani Village, Sleman Regency is one of the developing tourism villages in Sleman Regency. Blue Lagoon Tourism Village has great potential to become an advanced tourism village when viewed from the aspect of attraction, accessibility, facilities, and ancillary services (4A). Tourism activities in the Blue Lagoon Tourism Village can have both positive and negative impacts on the community and the physical environment. According research from Sulistyowati in 2017, positive impact arising from the existence of tourism activities in the Blue Lagoon Tourism Village is an increase in community income from food stand, lodging, tour guides, and parking. These tourism activities can also have a negative impact especially on the physical environment that comes from garbage produced by tourist activity. Another impact that can arise in the form of conversion of agricultural land as a consequence of the expansion of the tourist area in the village [4].
The research objective are to calculate the economic valuation using the travel cost method and calculate the heritage value of the Blue Lagoon Tourism Village. The results of this study can be used as a consideration for doing conservation efforts and the decision making of the tourism village management. Conservation, and preservation need to be done so that tourism can be sustainable for future generations.

Study area
Blue Lagoon Tourism Village actually located in small region called "Dusun" Dalem. This research located in Widodomartani Village, Ngemplak District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta ( Figure 2). Blue Lagoon Tourism Village is around 17 km from the center of Yogyakarta City or about 50 min if using a four-wheeled vehicle. Blue Lagoon Tourism Village chosen as the study location because this location has great potential to continue to develop when viewed from social conditions. Blue Lagoon established since the end of 2014 and was inaugurated by the Sleman Government on March 22, 2015. Blue Lagoon Tourism Village Management is carried out independently by the community in "Dusun" Dalem. The management structure of the tourism village is led by Chief Manager with supervision and direction from the Widodomartani Village and also Sleman Government.

Population and sample
The research conducted by sequential explanatory technique. Sequential explanatory technique is a research technique that uses quantitative and qualitative methods in sequence. Quantitative method are used to calculate the economic value and the value of inheritance in tourism activities in the Blue Lagoon Tourism Village. Qualitative method used by interviewing managers to find out deep information about current and future utilization plans in the Blue Lagoon Tourism Village.
Object of the research is tourists visiting Blue Lagoon Tourism Village and the manager of Blue Lagoon Tourism Village. Samples to tourists were taken using the quoted accidental sampling method. Sampling method is using accidental sampling because the population cannot be determined. Determination of the sample is based on the formula that conducted by Lameshow [5]. (2)

Bequest value calculation
Calculation of bequest value is carried out using the contingency valuation method (CVM) in the form of willingness to pay (WTP). The method is carried out to determine the extent of tourists' willingness to pay for conservation, preservation, and care activities in the "Blue Lagoon" Tourism Village. The average value of the PAPs calculated is then multiplied by the average number of visitors per year to identify the amount of economic value that can be utilized for conservation and conservation policies or programs in the "Blue Lagoon" Tourism Village. The formula used to determine the WTP value is illustrated from equation below [6] Description Normality test is conducted to identify whether the residual value in the data has a normal distribution or not [8]. Normality testing process is done through regression calculations using the P-Plot in SPSS. Figure 3 shows that data that spreads around the diagonal line and follows the direction of the diagonal line which mean data meets the assumption of normality [9]. Heteroscedasticity test is performed to identify whether there is an inequality of residual variance in a regression model [10]. Heteroscedasticity test results listed in Fig. 4 and shows that the points are scattered above or below the number 0 on the Y axis and do not form a clear pattern. This explains that the regression model meets the assumption because there is no heteroscedasticity. Multicollinearity test serves to determine the level of correlation between independent variables in a regression model. Based on the multicollinearity test results listed in Table 1. it is known that the Tolerance value on all independent variables is quite close to the value of 1 and is in the range of 0.3 to 0.9. Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) values for all independent variables are also around the value of 1 with a range of values 1 -2.5. This value indicates that the regression model does not have multicollinearity problems [11]. Based on the assumption test results it is known that the regression model has fulfilled the criteria so that the data can be used further.

Economic valuation of Blue Lagoon
Regression model in the multiple linear regression analysis shown in Table 1. shows that the coefficient of determination of R Square is 0.145. This value indicates that the independent variable can explain the variation in the dependent variable which is frequency of tourist visitor by 14.5 %. There are other variables which are not used in this study which have an influence on the frequency of tourist visitor. Distance is one of many factors that influence the level of tourist desire to come back visitor tourism place Hadi [6]. Blue Lagoon is located quite far from the city center and is not a major tourist destination. Based on the results of interviews with managers, Blue lagoon is not a main chioce from tourist attractions such as Kaliurang, Kaliadem, and Prambanan Temples. This case makes some tourists choose to visit other destination to avoid additional travel costs and travel time [12]. Economic valuation using the travel cost method is carried out using multiple linear analysis to determine the influence function of independent variables on the dependent variable. The function is then used as a basis for calculating the value of consumer surplus. There are five independent variables used, namely the cost of travel, age, level of education, income, while the dependent variable used is the frequency of visitor in one year. Based on the test summary in Table 2, the following regression equation is illustrated below: The regression equation shows there are variables that have positive coefficient values such as age and trip duration and there are variables with negative coefficient values such as travel costs, education degree, and income. Negative coefficient value on the variable travel costs indicates that the economic theory of the relationship between price and demand applies to Blue Lagoon tourism. The theory explains that tourists will tend to choose to travel at a lower cost [6,13] Function of travel costs in the regression analysis model purposed calculate value of consumer surpluses. The consumer surplus is calculated by carrying out the integral with the lower limit in the form of the lowest travel costs while the upper limit in the form of the highest travel costs incurred by tourists when traveling in the Blue Lagoon Tourism Village. Based on the data obtained, it is known that the lowest value of travel cost is IDR 10 000 while the highest value of travel cost is IDR 380 000 that configurate integral formula is obtained as follows: Consumer surplus value obtained from the above calculation is IDR 281 270 per individual per year. The average frequency of visitor in one year is 2.28 times, so it is known that the value of the consumer surplus per individual per visit is IDR 123 364. This value is higher than the average value of actual travel costs incurred by tourists which is IDR 36 950. Consumer surplus is the differences between tourist satisfaction with the costs that must be paid Priambodo and Suhartini (2016). This explains that tourists in the "Blue Lagoon" Tourism Village get the benefits of environmental services greater than the actual costs incurred [14].
Potential economic value in Blue Lagoon Tourism Village is calculated by multiplying the value of the consumer surplus with the average number of tourists. Average number of tourists visiting Blue Lagoon since it was first opened in the period 2014 -2019 was 48 791 visitor. Based on these calculations, it is known that the value of economic potential using the travel cost method of Blue Lagoon Tourism Village reaches IDR 6 019 052 924. Calculated using the same formula, the actual economic value is known to be IDR 1 802 827 450 or 23.05 % of economic potential. Absorption of economic potential that is still below 30 % is due to the lack of interest in visitors spending their

Bequest value of Blue Lagoon
Bequest value is an estimate of willingness to pay from tourists for environmental conservation in order to preserve sustainability for future generations [15]. Calculation of bequest value is important to do to continue to preserve the environment around Blue Lagoon Tourism Village and to carry out maintenance at existing facilities. Figure 5 shows that one of the facilities in Blue Lagoon was damaged during the rainy season at the end of March 2020. Policies taken from calculating the bequest value can be used to repair damaged facilities.  Figure 6 there are 53 (66.25 %) people who are willing to pay for inheritance, while 27 people (33.75 %) are not willing to pay. The number also indicates that tourists still have awareness to protect and preserve the environment from the Blue Lagoon Tourism Village.
Based on the data in Table 3 it is known that the highest value obtained is IDR 100 000 with a frequency of 1 person while the lowest is IDR 0 that is respondents who are not willing to pay with a frequency of 27 person. The most WTP values are in the figure IDR 10 000 with a frequency of 14 person. According to statements from several respondents, the value of IDR 10 000 per visitor is an appropriate value which means it is neither too high nor too low to be allocated for the conservation program of Blue Lagoon.  Absorption of economic potential that is still quite low is due to the lack of interest in visitors spending their money on some services. Improving services and facilities is one of the keys to optimizing economic potential.
Willingness to pay (WTP) for bequest value of Blue Lagoon Tourism Village have average IDR 12 513 with highest value IDR 100 000 and lowest value IDR 0 (person who not willing to pay). Most WTP value is IDR 10 000 with 14 person. Bequest value is estimated by multiplying between the average value of WTP with an average number of tourists visits of Blue Lagoon in the last 5 years with value of IDR 610 521 783 per year. Blue Lagoon Tourism Village has 6.45 ha of area, so bequest value based on area is IDR 94 650 758. Bequest value of Blue Lagoon is important to calculated in order to preserve the environment and to carry out maintenance at existing facilities.