Improving the management of social and economic development of the country's territories

. The effective management of the socio-economic development of territories is a priority issue in the context of the internal policy of the state.Thus, it remains relevant to study the main aspects of the socio-economic development of the country's territories, identify the main problems of managing the socio-economic development of territories. The effective management of the socio-economic development of the territory is associated with many difficulties due to its global nature, therefore it should be subject to a large and exhaustive number of regulatory legal acts. To assess the socio-economic development of individual territories of the Russian Federation, a wide range of basic statistical indicators is used, which corresponds, among other things, to the methods of foreign companies. The analysis of the problems of managing the socio-economic development of territories helped formulate both general and particular issues. In the first case, the proposed recommendations for improving the process of managing the socio-economic development of the territory are universal and associated with the development of entrepreneurial infrastructure, small and medium-sized businesses, the investment attractiveness of the region, etc. The private problems of managing the development of territories should be addressed by identifying and developing the competitive advantages of individual territories.


Introduction
The socio-economic development of a territory involves the implementation of qualitative changes, transformations, the transition from one state of the structure of the socioeconomic development of a territory to a qualitatively different one. The socio-economic development of the territory has a wide range of characteristics. The most significant isthe economic and social indicators of development.
The process of managing the socio-economic development of territories can be aimed at achieving goals related to the development of the regional economy, transport infrastructure, increasing investment attractiveness, increasing the income of the population, improving the quality of education, health care, the environment, culture, etc.
The relevance of the study lies in the urgency and multifactorial nature of the problems of managing the socio-economic development of territories any country faces in the course of constant development and transformations in the main spheres of society. This, in turn, requires constant enhancement of this management. All countries provide such an organization of economic management where each territorial unit interacts with other territories while maintaining its socio-economic independence [1]. For Russia, the solution to these issues is also relevant, given the size of the country's territory, the number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, their economic and social characteristics, and differences [2].
All researchers agree that the socio-economic development of the territory in the broadest sense means the process of increasing welfare and improving the quality of life of the population in a certain territory.
The territory as an object of research is "an administrative-territorial entity within the state (federal district, a group of constituent entities of the federation, a constituent entity of the federation, a municipal entity) or a municipality (a city district, a separate settlement in a municipal entity, etc.)" [3].
The socio-economic development of the territory, combining two equivalent components, namely the economic and social categories, represents qualitative changes in the socio-economic environment, corresponding to the goals of increasing welfare and improving the quality of life of the population in a certain territory, both the country in general and a separate region or municipality [4].

Materials and Methods
To assess the degree of development of individual countries, international organizations use certain universal integral indicators developed according to their methods [2]. For example, within the framework of the United Nations Development Program, the Human Development Index has been developed and applied.
In 2019, Russia ranked 49th in the human development index in the world. National methods for assessing the socio-economic development of territories may differ in the set of indicators. The socio-economic indicators of the development of the territory include many indicators, which are divided into categories: 1. Indicators of the standard of living of the population (the average per capita monetary income of the population, consumption of goods and services, the level of savings of the population, etc.); 2. Indicators of employment and unemployment (the level and size of the employed and unemployed population); 3. Demographic indicators (life expectancy of the population); 4. Indicators of the level of education (the literacy of the population, the number of people with academic degrees, etc.); 5. Indicators of the level of health care (indicators that characterize the quality of medical services provided and the availability of health care institutions and pharmacies); 6. Indicators of the level of culture, ecology, etc. All these indicators are presented in the official procedure of Rosstat for assessing the country's territorial development. Each of these indicators can be used to compare the socio-economic development of individual regions. To assess the social development of territories, the indicator of average per capita money income is most often used.
According to the average per capita monetary income of the population, in 2019, the Central Federal Okrug ranked first among the okrugs -43.5 thousand rubles, and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ranked first among the regions -79 thousand rubles. The last were the North Caucasian Federal Okrug -23 thousand rubles, and the Republic of Tyva -15.5 thousand rubles. Moscow and the Moscow region ranked 4th with 68 thousand rubles and 10th with about 48 thousand rubles, respectively [5].
The unemployment rate in 2019 was the highest in the North Caucasian Federal Okrug at 10.5%. The lowest unemployment rate in 2019 was in the Central Federal Okrug at 2.9%. The lowest unemployment rates were in Moscow and St. Petersburg -1.2% and 1.5%, respectively. In the Moscow region, the unemployment rate was 2.7%. The highest unemployment rate by a significant margin was in the Republic of Ingushetia -26.3% [6].
According to the data for 2019, the Republic of Ingushetia ranks first in life expectancy for the entire population -82 years, the first place among the federal districts is occupied by the North Caucasian Federal District -76 years. The last in terms of life expectancy among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug -63.5 years, and the Far Eastern Federal Okrug among the federal okrugs -70 years. Moscow and the Moscow region rank 3rd and 19th in life expectancy with almost 78 years and 73.5 years, respectively [7].
In terms of population per hospital bed, the leader is Far Eastern Federal Okrug -on average 103 people per hospital bed, the last is the North Caucasian Federal Okrug -138 people per hospital bed, and the secondtolast is the Central Federal Okrug -135.5 people per hospital bed. The first place in individual regions is won by the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, on average 76 people per hospital bed, and the last -the Chechen Republic -172 people per hospital bed. Moscow -161 people per hospital bed, the Moscow region -145 people per hospital bed [7].
In addition to indicators of the socio-economic development of territories used by Rosstat, other organizations can use a set of different indicators and methods.
For example, RIA Rating described the living conditions in the region for 2020, summarizing 61 indicators according to Rosstat, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank, and other open sources.
The first, according to RIA Rating, is Moscow with a score of 79, the second is St. Petersburg -77, and the third is the Moscow region -74.5. The last in the rating is the Republic of Tuva with a rating score of 17.5 [8].
The National Rating Agency annually evaluates the investment attractiveness of the regions. According to this rating, in 2019, Moscow, St. Petersburg, and 22 other regions of the Russian Federation have high investment attractiveness. 27 regions have a moderate investment attractiveness, the Republic of Tyva is in the last place in the rating. The rest of the regions have an average investment attractiveness [9].
The above data show the significant differences in the socio-economic development of Russian regions. Therefore, the priority goal of managing the socio-economic development of territories today is to equalize the quality of life of the population of the territories through a constant increase in the quality of life of lagging regions.
The main methods of managing the socio-economic development of territories are methods of strategic forecasting and planning, which are used in the development of strategic documents for the development of territories.
Strategic territorial development documents are prepared at the national level following the orders of the Russian Government and presidential decrees. Regional strategic documents of territorial development, considering their subnational characteristics and development priorities, must correspond to the national goals and objectives of the development of the Russian Federation. Regional authorities, when preparing strategic development documents, are guided by federal regulations governing the process of strategic planning in the country.
The planning time-frame for the development of state strategic documents for territorial development is currently defined until 2025. The national objectives of the territorial development of Russia until 2025 are sustainable and progressive territorial development of the country; leveling of well-being and quality of life of the population of the regions; acceleration of economic growth and technological development; and the national security of the country.
Strategies for socio-economic development for individual territories are formed not only by regions but also by federal districts, for example, the Far East and the Baikal region, the Volga Federal Okrug, etc.
As part of the socio-economic development of territories, state programs are being formed. Specific state programs involving the socio-economic development of certain territories according to the block of state programs "Balanced regional development": "Development of the North Caucasus Federal Okrug", "Social and economic development of the Far Eastern Federal Okrug", "Socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region", "Social and economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation", "Social and economic development of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol".
Within the framework of the block of state programs for Balanced Regional Development, financial opportunities have been laid to ensure sustainable territorial development of Russia, aimed at ensuring conditions for each region to have the necessary and sufficient resources to provide decent living conditions for citizens, comprehensive development and increase the competitiveness of the regional economy, and the development of priority territories in geopolitical terms. Measures are planned to level the budgetary provision of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and improve the quality of public finance management of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipal finances.

Results and Discussion
Based on the results of the study, the main problems of managing the socio-economic development of territories have been identified: disparities in regional development, a lack of qualified personnel in government bodies, the problem of bureaucratic procedures that hinders the work of civil servants, etc.
The solution to the problem of imbalances in regional development is possible by identifying and developing the competitive advantages of individual territories (the sectoral structure of the regional economy, unique natural and climatic conditions, transport location, historical sites, etc.), with due account to local needs and conditions while simultaneously achieving regional and national goals. The main directions of increasing the competitive advantages of certain territories are the development of small and mediumsized businesses and the attraction of private investment.
The socio-economic development of the territory is facilitated by the creation and improvement of conditions for the entrepreneurial infrastructure, small and medium-sized businesses, the investment attractiveness of the regions, as well as financial and property support for business from state and municipal authorities.
The growth of private investment can be ensured by increasing the investment attractiveness of the corresponding territory. Investment attractiveness consists of a number of factors, the most important of which are domestic market -17%, production potential -16%, regional infrastructure -15%, institutional environment -14%, labor resources -13%, and other factors -25% [9]. Accordingly, the development of these factors will ensure the growth of private investment in the corresponding territory.
To overcome the lack of qualified personnel in relevant professions locally, it is necessary to create conditions for raising the level of education, professional retraining, developing urban infrastructure, increasing the level of wages in the regions, etc. [10].
The identification of the competitive advantages of the territories and increase in the number of qualified specialists in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as proposals for solving the problem of uneven development of the regions of Russia will create an efficiently competitive environment among the regions, which, in turn, should trigger a constant process of development and improvement of territories, which will be provided with highly qualified specialists as a force for this process [11].
The solution to the problem of the lack of qualified specialists in state and municipal authorities is possible by creating a system of continuous education for state and municipal employees, conditions for practical experience during education, a mechanism for assessing the real need for personnel of a certain qualification. The solution will make it possible to move from a situation of a large number of state and municipal employees to a sufficient number of qualified state and municipal employees able to more efficiently and better cope with the tasks set.
The problem of bureaucratic procedures associated with a difficult and lengthy process of data processing and further decision-making is currently being addressed through the digitalization of management processes. In Russian practice, such electronic data collection, processing, storage, and transmission systems as "Electronic Budget", "Digital Region" and others are already used. The difficulties in implementing the process of digitalization of state and municipal administration are closely related to the problem of the lack of qualified specialists in state and municipal authorities.

Conclusions
1. Analysis of the socio-economic state of the territories at the regional level in 2019 showed significant disparities in the development of Russian regions: in terms of average per capita money income of the population, the disparities are 80%, in life expectancy -22.5%, in unemployment -25%, in population per hospital bed -56%.
2. To overcome regional disproportions, it is proposed to equalize the rates of socioeconomic development of Russian regions and constantly increase the quality of life of lagging regions. Measures are proposed to improve the competitiveness of territories by increasing their capitalization, rationalizing the structure of the regional economy, using unique natural and climatic conditions, developing transport infrastructure, small and medium-sized businesses, and investment attractiveness.
3. The results of the study revealed a shortage of qualified personnel in state and municipal authorities. The lack of qualified personnel in the state and municipal authorities of the territories is proposed to be eliminated through a system of continuous training of state and municipal employees and their advanced training in educational institutions of higher and secondary education, as well as improving the system of motivation and career planning.
4. The introduction of the digitalization of management processes will solve the problems of bureaucratic procedures in state and municipal administration. The implementation and use of electronic systems in state and municipal administration require employees to have appropriate knowledge and skills in working with these systems. It is also possible to solve this problem through continuous training and professional development of employees.