New biologically pure fertilizers in grape nursery

The effect of new biologically pure organic fertilizers, Dia Guma and Gumi Turf, on the yield and quality of grape seedlings on nutrient-poor soils has been studied. The positive effect of silicon - organic fertilizer Dia Gum in combination with the growth stimulator Zircon on the survival rate of shanks, the formation of the aboveground part and the root system of plants is shown (the survival rate of shanks in relation to the control (pure water) increases almost 2 times from 36 to 70%, the diameter of growth - from 4.3 to 7 mm, total growth - from 32 to 54 cm, the volume of the root system - from 15 to 25 cm3). The use of peat - sapropel concentrate Gumi Peat in combination with the growth stimulator Zircon, according to the results of the yield and quality of the planting material, is close to the use of Dia Guma + Zircon. These fertilizers allow to a greater extent to biologize the process of growing planting material in the nursery.


Introduction
The difficult conditions that have developed recently, in which the Russian Federation finds itself as a result of unfriendly behavior on the part of a number of countries, forced it to give an adequate answer. The logical response from Russia is the import substitution policy [1]. At present, Russia is actively developing and increasing the production of such products for food security. And if it was possible to quickly increase the required volumes for crops such as wheat or soybeans, then for fruit and berry crops, due to their biological characteristics, a certain time is required. Among such industries, at present, in central Russia, an important place is occupied by sheltering viticulture, the development of which is important for the full health of the population.
In recent years, a significant climate change has been taking place in the Central Black Earth region of Russia, in connection with which gardeners have problems with the cultivation of certain grape varieties [2,3]. So, a number of scientists-winegrowers note a significant decrease in yield and poor condition of plants in such varieties as Krasa Severa, Tambovskiy Bely, Korinka Russian and others. This led to the fact that amateur gardeners began to abandon the cultivation of this crop.
A significant warming of the climate, as well as the emergence of new varieties, in recent years, as a result of expeditionary surveys of vine plantations and our own observations, have identified new adaptive to local conditions (CBA) large-fruited and large bunch varieties [1] with valuable economic and biological properties [2], resistance of these varieties to biotic and abiotic factors [3][4], to study and recommend the most effective methods of shelter in the cold season [5,9], as well as the conditions for the preservation of shanks in the autumn-winter period [6, 14,15].
The research carried out and the efforts of proactive local winegrowers have led to the appearance on the market of new grape varieties, differing in the size of berries, bunches, color, taste, which significantly increased the demand for planting material.
It should be mentiond that in the conditions of risky gardening in central Russia, for the successful cultivation of grapes, the requirements for the quality of planting material must be very high. So, according to A.I. Talash and K.O. Drobot [7], low quality of planting material leads to 50% loss of bushes on the planted plantation.
One of the main conditions for obtaining high-quality planting material, along with moisture provision, is a sufficient amount of nutrients in the soil. E.A. Egorov et al. On soils with a low supply of nutrients recommends to apply 75-95 t / ha of organic fertilizers for plantation plowing, 750-950 kg of ae. potash and 650-850 kg of i.v. phosphorus fertilizers. Rudenko V.I. along with the main fertilizers, he recommends foliar feeding with manganese, boric acid, zinc sulfate, ammonium sulfate. V.V. Burova, in addition to basic fertilizers, recommends that the first two foliar dressings be carried out using Kemir-Lux, and the Novosil biostimulator should be used at least twice. L.A. Yezhov and P.I. Korsukov [9-13] recommend a 0.005% sodium humate solution for root and foliar dressing, noting not only an improvement in product quality, but also an increase in soil fertility. In recent years, a number of humic and silicon organic fertilizers have been obtained in Russia, which accelerate plant growth and increase soil fertility. Representatives of these fertilizers are Diagum and Gumi Peat (developed by NPK HydroInTech LLC, Sverdlovsk region). Our research in 2017-2019 showed the effectiveness of these fertilizers on fruitbearing grapes plantations. However, data on the effect of these fertilizers on the yield and quality of grape planting material are currently insufficient, and they have not been found in foreign sources.
In this regard, the purpose of our research was to study the effect of peat-sapropel concentrate "GumiTorf" and granular silicon-organic fertilizer "DiaGum" on the growth and development of grape seedlings using the example of the Kristall variety on poor soils in the floodplain of the Lesnoy Voronezh River.

Place and time of research
The studies were carried out in 2017 -2018 at the agro-biological station of the Social and Pedagogical Institute of Michurinsk State Agrarian University, which is located in the floodplain of the Lesnoy Voronezh River on an alluvial soddy soil with a low humus content (2-3%) and a neutral soil reaction (рН v -6,5).

Research methodology
The chemical and physical properties of the soil and its granulometric composition were studied according to generally accepted methods. The application rates of the studied fertilizers were preliminarily agreed with their manufacturers, the total number of shanks in the variant -50, the number of replicates -3, in replicates -15-17 units. The shanks were planted in a previously prepared soil. Soil preparation: plowing of the site; introduction of nitroammophoska (100g/m 2 ); introduction of sawdust (mixture of coniferous and deciduous -6kg/m 2 ); plowing sawdust and fertilizers (walk-behind tractor); alignment of the site; Spunbond flooring (density 60g/m 2 ).
Processing of shafts before soaking: shafts in the basal part to a height of 7-8 cm are pre-treated with a garden saw for furrowing in order to induce callus tissue and improve root formation. Dia Guma (150 g/rm) was applied to the soil before cultivation.
In option 1, the shanks were pre-soaked in Zircon solution (1ml/10L of water) for 1 day simultaneously with option 5 and option 3. In option 3, Gumi Peat (500ml/10L of water) was added to the solution simultaneously with Zircon. The option of soaking the shanks in clean water was chosen as a control. The increments of the aerial part were measured with a ruler, the volume of the root system was measured in a measuring cylinder with water. The data obtained were processed by the methods of variation statistics and dispersion analysis.

Observation results
It should be noted that in 2017 the growing season (April 28) began relatively favorably, but at the beginning of summer in 2017 it was quite cool (evening, night and morning air temperatures in the greater case were in the range of 10-140C, which is not typical for June, In addition, on June 16, on the night of the Agrobiological Station of the Michurinsky State Agrarian University, the air temperature dropped to -5.60C, and on May 17, a cold drizzling rain fell all day. Unlike 2017, there were no spring frosts in 2018, the cool spring gave way to rather hot and dry summers and autumn. Weather conditions in 2017 affected the growth and development of seedlings. So, a noticeable regrowth of shoots in 2017 by 23.06. Was noted only in the Dia Gum variants (150g/rm). + Zircon (1ml/10L of water) and GumiTorf (500ml/10L of water). In other cases, only kidney swelling was noted. Late awakening and the beginning of regrowth can be explained by the lack of heat, because evening, night and morning air temperatures were in the range of 10-140C, which is not typical for June.
Subsequently, the introduction of Dia Guma (150 g/running meter) + Zircon (1ml/10l of water) had a more noticeable effect on rooting and the general condition of grape seedlings (Fig. 1)  High air temperatures, timely watering, sufficient moisture preservation under the covering material (spunbond, 60g/m 2 ) ensured good growth and timely ripening of grape seedlings. Analysis of the data obtained showed similar results in the context of options (table 1). So, the best survival rate and other indicators were noted, as in 2017, in the Dia Gum (150g/rm) + Zircon (1ml/10l of water) variant. Analysis of the data in Table 1 shows that the best indicators of the aboveground part of the seedlings were noted in the option "Dia Gum 150g / m running." and "Gumi Peat 500ml/10l of water + Zircon1ml/10l of water. The rest of the variants were also superior to the control variant in terms of the studied parameters "survival rate" and "stem diameter". Excavation of grape seedlings was carried out on October 25. By the time of excavation, the upper parts of the growths matured well, the apical buds were formed.
According to the indicators "volume of the root system" and "height of the root formation zone" the best option in 2017 and 2018. the option Dia Gum (150g/m linear) + Zircon (1ml/10l of water) was also found. With a root system volume of 25 cm 3 , the height of the root formation zone was 17.6 cm (2017,). In 2018, these figures were 37.6 cm 3 and 19.2 cm, respectively. The rest of the options in terms of the volume of the root system in 2017, except for the option "Zircon (1ml/10L of water)", were close to the control (Table 2, Figure 2). In 2018, the volume of the root system in all experimental variants was higher in relation to the control.

Conclusion
Introducing Dia Guma into the soil at the rate of 150g per 1 running meter when growing seedlings of Kristall grapes with preliminary soaking of the shanks in a Zircon solution (1ml/10l of water) had a positive effect on the survival of the shafts, the formation of the aboveground part and the root system of plants (the survival of the shafts increases almost 2 times from 36 to 70%, the diameter growth -from 4.3 to 7 mm, total growth -from 32 to 54 cm, volume of the root system -from 15 to 25 cm 3 ).
The cultivation of grape seedlings by soaking the shanks in a solution of Gumi Peat (500ml/10L of water) + Zircon (1ml/10L of water) is also effective, and according to the studied parameters, the data are close to those of the Dia Gum (150g/running meter) + Zircon (1ml/10l of water)".
Soaking the shanks in a solution of Gumi Peat (500ml/10l of water) without Zircon led to a 10% decrease in survival rate. The use of the Zircon preparation (1ml/10l of water) contributed to an increase in the survival rate of shanks by 9% in relation to the control.