Tourist preference on the attraction of beach tourism objects in Kebumen Regency, Central Java Province

Tourism is a growing industry sector rapidly. In Kebumen Regency, tourists mostly visit beach tourism objects. This study aims to determine the attractiveness (site attractions, event attractions, supporting facilities, and accessibility) and tourists' preferences to the attractiveness of beach tourism sites in Kebumen Regency. This research was carried out by surveys, data tracing, and data collection from related agencies. The data collected on this research would be processed into maps, tables, and graphics. For analysis, spatial analysis and crosstab statistical tests were used. Tourist objects having high attractiveness are not necessarily the first choice for tourists.


Introduction
One of the industrial sectors that has rapid development is tourism [1]. Tourism from a geographical point of view needs to understand tourists' area of origin, tourist destinations, and the relationsship between tourist areas and tourist destinations, including transportation routes [2]. Tourists will visit tourism sites if there is an attraction [3]. In general, an attraction is based on accessibility, facilities, and the attraction's unique value. Accessibility cannot be separated from the transportation system [4]. The transportation system is related to the local economy, such as accommodation availability and the number of tourists increasing with increasing accessibility [5]. The facilities cannot be separated from the attractions provided by the tourism manager [6].
Beaches are tourism destinations with natural beauty, warm-climate, landscape, culture, and tradition management [7]. Natural, social, and economic resources are represented by beach tourism [8]. The significant component of beach tourism is its natural environment. They are beach sand, the waves, security, and the sights visible [9].
One of the determinant factors of tourists choosing destination tourism is preference [10]. Individual who is traveling has some motives and preferences [11]. To determine the best value of a decided destination, tourists have preferences [12]. The tourist preference is necessary to develop destination tourism [13]. For rural areas that try to combine tourism for their economic development, tourists' opinion is critical [14,15,16]. Preferences are determined by amenities and accessibilities to destination tourism [17]. Nicholson (2010) states that there are three basic assumptions on preferences: people will not be confused when having two choices [18].
Kebumen Regency is located in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Located in south Java Island and bordering with the Indian Ocean, Kebumen Regency has coastal beaches for tourism. The government of Kebumen Regency is developing and promoting tourism. Tourists preferred to beach tourism sites to others, such as caves [19]. This is in line with the number of tourists who visited the beach in 2015-2019 are 5.470.386. Meanwhile, those who visited the cave in 2015-2019 are 1.848.107.
Preference can participate in the itinerary. In previous research, facilities in Gunung Merapi sites and tourists' characteristics are the variables. These variables use statistical crosstab to identify tourists' preferences of facilities in Gunung Merapi. [20]. Other previous research identified tourist attractions' potential, spatial distribution, and the zonation of tourism in Kebumen Regency. Beach is one of the tourism objects having a high potential for tourist attractions [21]. In this research, tourist attraction and tourism objects were chosen by the tourists are the variables. This research is a quantitative study. To identify tourists' preferences, recent research utilizes statistical crosstab. This research aims to identify tourist attractions of beach tourism sites based on tourists' preferences.

Method
This research has two data types. They are tourist-attractions variable and tourists preference variable. The tourist-attractions variable is site attractions, event attractions, supporting facilities (accommodations, places to eat, shopping, parking area, worship place, and toilet), and accessibility. This research has two data; they are primary and secondary data. The primary data is destination tourism's absolute location, site attractions, and tourists' preference data. Collecting destination tourism data's absolute location was conducted by marking the locations and digitizing them using the avenza application. For site attraction data, it was collected by observation and searching on the internet. Searching data on the internet was conducted as some location has minimal accessibility. The tourist preference data were collected from questionnaires. This research used quota sampling and accidental sampling, which consisted of 30 respondents and 4 beaches for tourists' preferences. This research was conducted in February 2020.
The secondary data is event attraction, the number of available facilities, administration, road network, and tourists who visited the destinations from 2015 until 2019. The event attractions data and the number of available facilities data were collected from Tourism Government Office Kebumen Regency and data search on the internet. The administration data and the road network data were collected from the Local Development Planning Agency Kebumen Regency. The number of tourists was collected from Tourism Government Office Kebumen Regency.
To process the primary data is used matrix and mapping methods. The matrix method is for tourist preference data. It was classified into two types. They are type A and type B. Type A is the first choice of tourism objects selected by respondents, and type B is not the first choice. The distribution of location tourist attractions map is from plotting and digitalization. The tourist interest toward attractions map is from crosstab's result and for the places of origin map are from the questionnaire. The secondary data was shown in a table. It is for event attractions data and supporting facilities data. The data on the number of tourists is shown in the graphic.
This research used spatial analysis and crosstabs statistical tests. Spatial analysis was used to identify attractions by comparing and equation of tourist attractions objects in Kebumen Regency. After that, the matrix containing site attractions, facilities, and accessibility was created. Crosstabs statistical test was used to find out the preferences of tourists toward attractions.

Tourist attractions
Nature beauty in coastal can be explored and be enjoyed by tourists [22]. Tourism objects in the beach tourism Kebumen Regency are various characteristics. Tourist attractions in Kebumen Regency have their main site attraction in waves, consisting of big waves and small waves. There is also a primary site attraction in the mangrove forest. In addition to that, there is also a lagoon as the primary site attraction in tourism sites. Besides those site attractions mentioned above, beach tourism in Kebumen Regency has regular event attractions. These event attractions are held annually, daily, and incidentally. One of the most popular attraction events among the tourists is the New Year's event. Every day, tourists can also see the attractive event in the fish market or TPI (Fish Auction Place). There is also an unexpected attraction event that cannot be missed; it is Rekade (Retro Karepe Dewe). Supporting facilities are needed to fulfill tourists' needs and want [23]. Supporting facilities can be found on shoreline [24]. The supporting facilities in beach tourism objects in Kebumen are secondary facilities and conditionally facilities. The secondary ones are accommodations, food and beverages, and shopping area. And the conditional ones are mushollas or mosques, toilets, and parking.
Accommodations in beach tourism Kebumen Regency, only Menganti Beach and Watubale Beach have accommodations, where the highest number is Menganti Beach. There are villas in Menganti Beach, and there are hostels in Watubale. Suwuk Beach has the highest number of food and beverages and shopping area. On the itinerary, food and beverage service is preferred by tourists [25]. Food and beverages in beach tourism Kebumen Regency are food stalls. The previous study state that tourists to coastal areas for holidays tend to demand local seafood be present on the menu [26]. Food stalls in beach tourism Kebumen Regency sell seafood like yutuk (sand crabs). The secondary facilities in Beach Tourism Sites Kebumen Regency based on Tourism Government Office Kebumen Regency, observation, and data source, see Figure 1.   If the beach tourism sites have ≥ 3 attributes of tourist attractions on a high-level, it will be categorized as tourism sites with high attractiveness. If the beach tourism site has < 3 attributes of tourist attractions on moderate and high-level, it will be categorized as tourism sites with low attractiveness. And If the beach tourism site has ≥ 3 attributes of tourist attractions on a moderate-level, it will be categorized as tourism sites with average attractiveness.
Tourism sites with high attractiveness are Menganti Beach and Suwuk Beach. This is classified into two, namely attractions and other facilities, attractions, accessibility, and other facilities. The tourism site that is included in the classification of attractions and other facilities is Menganti Beach. These attractions are in the form of site attraction and event attraction. Other facilities include accommodation. Meanwhile, a tourism site included in the classification of attractions, accessibility, and other facilities is Suwuk Beach. These attractions are in the form of site attraction and event attraction. Other facilities include a parking space that can accommodate three types of vehicles: motorbikes, cars, and buses.
Tourism sites with moderate attractiveness are classified into attractions, other facilities, and other attractions and facilities. A tourist attraction that is classified as an attraction is Lembupurwo Beach. These attractions are in the form of site attraction and event attraction. A tourist attraction included in other facility classifications is Setrojenar Beach, which has the most significant number of places to eat among other tourism sites with moderate attractions. Meanwhile, a tourism site that is classified as attractions and other facilities is Petanahan Beach. The attraction is in the form of event attraction. Other facilities include a parking space that can accommodate three types of vehicles.
Tourism sites with low attractiveness are classified into two, namely attractions; and other attractions, accessibility, and facilities. The tourism sites classified as attractions are divided into two, namely attractions in the form of site attraction and attractions in the form of site attraction and event attraction. Tourist sites classified as site attractions are Wediputih Beach, Sawangan Beach, Surumanis Beach, Lampon Beach, Watubale Beach, Bopong Beach, and Ambal Beach. The tourism site, which is classified as an attraction site and event attraction, is Karangbolong Beach. Meanwhile, a tourist site classified as attractions, accessibility, and other facilities is Logending Beach. These attractions are in the form of site attraction and event attraction. It has the accessibility to be passed by buses. Other facilities include a parking space that can accommodate three types of vehicles. Tourist attractions with high attractiveness are in the western and central parts, namely Menganti Beach in the west and Suwuk Beach in the middle. Most of the tourist attractions with moderate interest are in the eastern part, but some are located in the middle. Tourist attractions with a moderate appeal on the eastern coast are Setrojenar Beach and Lembupurwo Beach. A tourist attraction with moderate interest, which is located on the central coast, is Petanahan Beach. Meanwhile, most tourism sites with low attractiveness are in the western part, but some are located in the central and eastern parts. Tourist attractions with low attractiveness located in the western part are Logending Beach, Wediputih Beach, Sawangan Beach, Surumanis Beach, Lampon Beach, Watubale Beach, and Karangbolong Beach. Meanwhile, a tourist attraction with low attractiveness located on the eastern coast is Ambal Beach.

Number of tourist
In 2015-2019, Menganti Beach and Suwuk Beach were more excellent than others. Menganti Beach has a stable number of tourists, but Suwuk Beach tends to decline. This is due to the large waves in the southern ocean, which was affected by Suwuk beach. Logending Beach and Petanahan beach have fluctuation. Wediputih Beach, Sawangan Beach, Surumanis Beach, Watubale Beach, Bopong Beach, Setrojenar Beach, Ambal Beach, and Lembupurwo Beach are new, so data is incomplete. For the number of tourists, see Figure 3.

Tourists' preference
One of determining tourist behavior is preference [27]. Based on table 5, the first choice with the highest number is Menganti Beach. "Menganti Beach has its beautiful nature, white sand, and small wave that we can enjoy." The respondents like to visit Menganti Beach because of the site attraction that Menganti Beach has. At the same time, the not first choice with the highest number is Suwuk Beach. "Suwuk Beach is near Karangbolong", "Suwuk Beach is near my house", "Suwuk Beach is crowded with visitors", "Suwuk Beach is accessible and has complete facilities", "Suwuk Beach has some photo spots". The respondents like to visit Suwuk Beach because near another tourism site, the respondent's origin, crowded with visitors, accessible, and complete facilities. For the result of crosstabs, see Table 6. Coastal provides uniqueness and charming places for tourists [28].
A tourist attraction that is not the first choice with high attractiveness is Suwuk Beach. Suwuk Beach is not the first choice not because of the attractiveness it offers, but because it is crowded with visitors, near another tourism site, the origin of respondent, accessible, and complete facilities. This is in line with tourism sites in the last 5 years, having the largest tourist attractions after Menganti Beach. There is a tourist on categorized psychocentric [6]. It is tourists who like to visit places that they are familiar with. The respondents chose Suwuk Beach because near their house, probably because they prefer to visit places they are familiar with. A tourist attraction that is not the first choice with the moderate appeal is Petanahan Beach. Petanahan Beach was chosen because of the site attraction, close to the house, and in the direction of other tourism sites, namely Suwuk Beach. Tourist attractions that are not the first choice with low attractiveness are Logending Beach, Wediputih Beach, Sawangan Beach, Surumanis Beach, Lampon Beach, Watubale Beach, Karangbolong Beach, Bopong Beach, and Ambal Beach. Logending Beach was chosen because of the event attraction, while Wediputih Beach and Sawangan Beach were chosen because it is considered still natural. Surumanis Beach was chosen because the ticket price was affordable, but it was far from where the respondents were. Lampon Beach was chosen because of the sea view. Watubale Beach was chosen because of its beautiful nature and many places to take pictures. There is a lagoon, and it is close to the house, which is why tourists choose the preferred Bopong Beach. The respondent chose Ambal Beach because it is close to home and relatives. The map of Tourists' Preference on the Attraction of Beach Tourism Objects in Kebumen Regency was processed by author, see Figure 4.

Conclusion
The majority of the beach-tourism sites in Kebumen Regency have low-level tourist attractiveness. That is from the measurement of level-tourist attraction. Only two beachtourism sites have high-level tourist attractiveness. Based on tourist preferences' crosstab results with tourist attractions, tourism sites with high attractiveness have different preferences. In this case, Menganti Beach is a tourist attraction with high attractiveness, and it is the first choice among tourists. Meanwhile, Suwuk Beach is a tourist attraction with high attractiveness, but it is not the first choice. This is because tourist preferences are not determined by the attractions offered by the tourism sites.