Innovation Report of Big Data on Marine Forecast on the North Line of Maritime Silk Road

Since the first Arctic expedition in China in 1999, the National Marine Environment Forecasting Center of China has undertaken safety guarantee tasks for the 9 batches of Arctic scientific expedition ships (teams) and 26 merchant ships to come and back the North Line of Maritime Silk Road in China. This paper summarized their successful experience and innovation achievements in big data application, emphatically introduced the innovation of big data infrastructure construction of Maritime Silk Road marine forecasting, that is, the establishment of independent marine observation system, the exploration of international cooperation mode of marine observation, as well as the participation in global regional observation plans. Besides, marine prediction business innovation, safety guarantee service innovation, and supercomputing technology innovation were included in the scientific and technological business innovation. Moreover, the innovation achievements include aspects of polar marine prediction big data, guarantee technology big data and supercomputing. Finally, the construction and development prospect on the North Line of Maritime Silk Road were briefly prospected.


Introduction
The 21st century Maritime Silk Road [1] North Line extended from the ancient Japan Route of Maritime Silk Road [2], and originated from Vladivostok, Russia, northward through the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea into the Arctic Ocean, then westward through the Arctic Northeast Passage [3], and through the Barents Sea or the Norwegian Sea to reach coastal ports of northern Europe or western European finally. It is a maritime passage connecting Northeast Asia with Northwest Europe. The accelerated ablation of Arctic ice and snow caused by global warming, the modernization and megaplasia of marine ships caused by the rapid development of science and technology as well as the rich natural resources of the Arctic, the international obligations of energy conservation and emission reduction undertaken by China, moreover, the responsibility of scientific cognition and peaceful development of the Arctic, all herald that the North Line of the Maritime Silk Road will certainly become a prosperous "maritime highway". The National Center for Marine Environment Forecasting of China (hereinafter referred to as the Forecasting Center) has realized the basic construction of marine prediction big data and scientific and technological business innovation of Maritime Silk Road by applying big data and other technologies in long-term business scientific research and foreign cooperation practice.

Creation of an autonomous Arctic Ocean
Observing System Satellite remote sensing information and Arctic expedition data were once the main data sources for Arctic marine forecasting at that time. Since 2012, by participating in the working processes of navigation observation, site operation, and aerial exploration, and using the ocean-seaice-meteorology-atmosphere boundary stereoscopic observation method combined with sounding balloons and sounding instruments, marine buoys and submarkers, and automatic meteorological stations, marine environment view (exploration, supervision) measurement data were collected and accumulated by the fifth and sixth Chinese Arctic Science and Technology Examination Teams.

Exploring new models for international cooperation on Arctic observations
In

Participation in regional plans for global ocean observations
At the Scientific Steering Group of the Polar Prediction Program (PPP) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Forecasting Center cooperated with other member state institutions to carry out polar forecasting research based on observational data ( Figure 2) and numerical models [8]; In terms of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Northeast Asian-Regional Ocean Observing System (NEAR-GOOS), the Center cooperated with Russia, Japan, South Korea and other member countries. It made every effort to promote countries around the world to share marine observation data and other cooperation achievements in the marine field free of charge [9]; In the participating of international Arctic Drifting Ice Station Program, relying on the German "Polarstern" ice breaker, by using the ocean and atmosphere within 50 km around the ice breaker as the main observation objects, combining with the application of "penetrating current", after a year of manual duty observation, a large number of marine data was collected from the East Siberian Sea to the Arctic Pole. It deepened the understanding of the coupling process between the "ocean-sea-atmosphere-ecology" systems in the central Arctic sea ice area, assisted in the investigation of the physical characteristics and elimination mechanism of Arctic sea fog as well as the exploration of the numerical simulation of Arctic sea fog [10].

Business Innovation of marine forecast
In 2013, the Forecast Center was elected a member of the University of the Arctic (UArctic) [11], which has since opened the road to innovation in Arctic marine environment forecasting combining "industry, university and research".

Innovation of safety guarantee services
In 2018, the "China Ocean Forecasting Network" developed by the Forecast Center went online [13]. At present, China's only national professional website for marine forecasting marks that China's global futureoriented marine environment forecasting and guarantee service has comprehensively entered the new era of "Internet +" and "mobile Internet +". As a professional platform for marine forecasting and early warning information in China, this website authoritatively publishes the early warning (forecasting) information of marine disasters such as sea waves, sea ice (Figure 3), storm surge, tsunami, red tide, green tide, sea temperature and sea current, and integrates professional marine forecasting and guarantee services, information and public scientific knowledge. Through mobile applications and WAP services, it realizes expert answering and answering interactions, and its service surface seamlessly covers the global oceans and poles. Subsequently, the marine environment forecasting and guarantee system of the Maritime Silk Road entered the operational operation through the "Special Passage of the Maritime Silk Road" of the China Ocean Forecasting Network, which released the marine environment forecasting information products along the Maritime Silk Road in Chinese and English [14].

Technology innovation in supercomputing
In the field of marine environment forecasting, marine real-time observation data, marine forecasting information and marine environment guarantee service data all belong to the category of big data. Global, especially polar marine environment forecasting, is increasingly dependent on high-performance computing, there is no modern marine forecasting without high-performance computing. Highperformance computing technology and research has been promoted from the past auxiliary role to the status of marine forecasting science and technology. Driven by scientific and technological innovation, the Forecasting Center has formed a computing resource pool composed of marine real-time data center, marine supercomputing center, marine forecasting numerical model software set, global marine monitoring and forecasting data lake, global marine environment forecasting business network, marine cloud computing and big data visualization intelligent platform, Shenwei 3000 + high-performance computing system + IBM blade cluster, etc., which is enough to ensure the sustainability of marine prediction innovation on the Marine North Silk Road. In 2017, the Forecast Center joined the National Supercomputing Innovation Alliance and served as a member of the Technology and Standards Group of the Alliance.

Innovative achievements in global ocean forecasting
The global operational oceanographic forecasting system is the first independent numerical forecasting system of oceanic and polar ( Figure 4) and offshore nested in China mainly developed by the Forecasting Center, which realizes the full coverage of integrated marine forecasting business from 100-kilometer to kilometer spatial resolution worldwide. The successful application of this system has reversed the situation of long-term use of foreign marine forecasting products in China and become a few countries that can independently carry out global operational marine forecasting after the United States and the European Union. In 2017, through the application evaluation, the expert group evaluated that the achievements had reached the international advanced level as a whole, of which the physical parameterization scheme, assimilation of independent dynamic satellite data, application of environmental forecasting technology and other aspects had been in the international leading position

Innovation achievements of Polar safeguard technology
After entering the 21st century, actively responding to climate change, the Forecast Center timely intervened in the research on marine environment forecasting and guarantee services for commercial and trade navigation of Arctic passages, as well as completed a total of 9 batches of marine environment forecasting and guarantee tasks for

Expectation
The North Line of the Maritime Silk Road, also known as the "Silk Road on the Ice [17]", is a maritime transportation artery that provide promotion on the economic development of Northeast Asia, the deepening of strategic cooperation between China and Russia as well as the progress of Arctic scientific investigation. The Forecasting Center will, in combination with the Arctic scientific investigation and marine prediction guarantee service business, besides, with the further promotion of multiple levels such as marine observation, marine forecasting, scientific research, technological innovation, and international cooperation, strive to build a big data project for the sustainable development of marine forecasting on the North Line of the Maritime Silk Road. It will bear the important task of Arctic scientific investigation and marine prediction guarantee service for commercial shipping on the Maritime Silk Road. The Forecasting Center will achieve new and greater contributions to the development of the Arctic cause and the world economy, and more importantly, the prosperity of the community with shared future.