On the issue of drawing up the energy balance of a fat-and-oil enterprise

The article deals with the issue of drawing up the energy balance of a fat and oil enterprise. The results of experimental studies are presented. The energy balance of the average consumed power in kWh and in MJ was compiled in order to obtain a generalized energy balance at the company "EUROSNAR" LLC. A nomenclature is proposed that fully covers production processes and corresponds to the currently accepted indicators of accounting and control in a market economy, and a nomogram for determining the specific consumption of heat energy per ton of seeds and oils for production in general.
It has been substantiated that one of the ways to solve the problem of improving the reliability and accuracy of forecasts of indicators of the energy balance of an industrial enterprise is their forecasting, taking into account the relationship with other indicators characterizing the production process. When implementing this method, the foundations of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics were used.


Introduction
In the design of energy supply and in rationalization work to save fuel and energy at oil extracting enterprises, it often happens that when assessing the effectiveness of planned measures to save fuel and energy, they proceed from an analysis of private energy balances and do not take into account that in the combined production and use of various types of energy (electric and thermal) measure, which gives savings on losses or consumption of one or another type of energy, ultimately can lead not to savings, but to overspending of the primary energy resource (fuel). The above can be avoided if the assessment of energy use and the design of measures to save fuel and energy is based not only on the independent compilation and analysis of synthesized heat and electrical balances of the enterprise, but also on the compilation and analysis of generalized energy balances. The basis for drawing up the energy balance of an enterprise should be based on a comprehensive, comprehensive survey of an operating industrial enterprise, allowing to obtain reliable energy and technological characteristics of equipment, to determine the main sources of losses and reserves for a possible increase in the efficiency of the energy sector.In this survey, accounting and reporting data should be used in a comprehensive manner together with equipment test data [1,2]. (2-article Jalilov R) The following data can be used from the existing statistical reporting to compile the energy balance of the enterprise: a) total consumption of equivalent fuel, heat and electricity for the production of main types of products and for the enterprise as a whole; b) types of fuel and energy resources used at enterprises, their quantity and distribution according to strengthened groups of technological processes; c) the number of manufactured products with the allocation of the most energy-intensive types; d) planned and actual specific consumption of fuel, heat and electricity for the production of types of products; e) the electric balance of an industrial enterprise by enlarged groups of consumers and the composition of power equipment; The indicators of existing reporting do not allow identifying energy losses at the enterprise, which can only be obtained by compiling, on the basis of full or partial tests (measurements), individual and group balances for all installations of conversion, distribution and consumption of energy of all types. The generalized energy balance must be built in a synthesized form, so that it not only shows the total consumption and use of energy consumed by the enterprise in all its types and energy carriers, but also takes into account the losses in the production and transmission of energy of each type both inside the enterprise and outside it. To do this, all the components of the generalized energy balance must be expressed in one unit of measurement and refer all the energy received from the outside to the primary energy resource from which it is received.
It is most convenient to compose a generalized energy balance in units of heat in joules (J), since the universal unit of work of any type of energy, as well as the amount of heat in the SI system according to GOST 18675-2012, is Joule (J).
The basis for the compilation of generalized energy balances is the private synthesized balances of heat and electricity for the enterprise. At the same time, the amount of electricity is converted into heat at the equivalent of 1 kW • h = 860 kcal = 3.6 MJ.
All sorts of qualitative and quantitative changes in the plant's power engineering find their generalized expression in the change in the value of the energy consumption coefficient and the specific consumption of reduced heat per unit of production. Therefore, it is important to periodically compare with each other the actual generalized balances of the enterprise over the years in order to analyze the qualitative and quantitative changes in the energy of the enterprise.
For a generalized assessment of the reserves of fuel and energy saving and taking them into account when developing specific plans for organizational and technical measures to save fuel and energy at an enterprise, it is also important to draw up normal generalized balances and compare actual balances with them [1,2]. Table 1 shows the electrical balance of the average power consumption, compiled using the example of the Chard-Zhou oil extraction plant, converted into heat, which is necessary for drawing up a generalized energy balance of the enterprise. The obtained results are compared with the calculated ones carried out in LLC "EUROSNAR", the heat balance of these two enterprises is compared and practical recommendations are given. [3].
The electrical balance of the average power consumption, obtained as a result of a series of measurements and mathematical processing of static data with an average seed productivity of 30 t / h, shows that more than 58% of the total power is consumed by the preparatory shop, consisting of a hulling-separator, rolling and prepressing department.
The extraction shop with the meal storage consumes more than 25%, and the refining shop 2.0%. The remaining 14% of the capacity is spent on auxiliary needs of the enterprise and losses and networks and transformers. Compilation and analysis of energy balances of industrial facilities is one of the important elements in the complex of works related to solving problems of fuel and energy saving in industry. The compilation and analysis of energy balances is aimed at solving the following main tasks: -assessment of the actual state and efficiency of energy use at the enterprise, identification of the causes of occurrence and determination of the volume of losses of energy resources and energy carriers; -identification and assessment of reserves of fuel and energy savings and development of an action plan aimed at reducing their losses; -improvement of the operating modes of technological and power equipment; -determination of the rational size of energy consumption in production processes and installations; E3S Web of Conferences 216, 01140 (2020) RSES 2020 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601140 -the establishment of requirements for the organization and improvement of the system of accounting and control of the consumption of energy resources and energy carriers; -optimization of the structure of the energy balance of the enterprise by choosing the optimal directions, methods and sizes of using the supplied and secondary energy resources; -improvement of internal production cost accounting and incentive systems for fuel and energy savings.
The analysis of energy balances consists in a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the state of the energy economy and energy use and is carried out in the following directions: -study of the structure of the receipt and consumption of energy resources and energy carriers at the enterprise; -determination of indicators of energy efficiency; -Calculation of generalized indicators of the state and development of the energy economy of the enterprise; -obtaining initial information for the formulation and solution of problems of optimization of the structure of the energy balance of the enterprise.
The calculation of the energy balances of the SES of the enterprise begins with the determination of the technological power consumption of the technological electrical equipment (TEE). Here, the initial data will be the readings of the meters installed at the settlement unit for the consumed thermal energy (SNTE).
As a basis for the calculation, we take the energy characteristics, which represent the dependence of the energy consumption indicators on performance.
The calculation takes into account the averaged statistical data on the readings of heat consumption meters (TE) and production output for the past period (year, month), as well as data on measurements of the consumed energy of objects that do not have heat energy metering [2,3].

Determination of the energy balance of the enterprise
The calculation includes the development of a production power balance and methods for calculating the absolute and specific power consumption.
The volume of seeds processed by the enterprise for the planned month in April (29 days Table 2 below shows the average daily volume of products manufactured at the enterprise for the month of April. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the average daily output of an enterprise. Determine the share of other electricity costs of the enterprise attributable to the production of heat in the boiler house: Electricity consumption for heat energy generation at the enterprise, taking into account general plant costs and losses, will be: W sub = 1140 + 0.147 76 + 0.147 83.2 = 1163.402 kWh/day The general production rate of electricity consumption for heat generation (e.e.) will be: Determine the heat consumption for the production of 5, 64 kg of steam: Calculation of the specific consumption of heat energy for the production of main and by-products Calculation of steam consumption for the production of vegetable oil from cotton seeds.
The calculation is carried out when processing 200 tons of cotton seeds per day, to obtain vegetable oil by the forepress extraction method.
Determine the amount of mint obtained from 200 tons of cotton seeds. Cottonseed consists of 40% rind (husk) and 60% mint. Gm = 200 • 0.6 = 120 t After grinding, 15% of the husk is added to the mint after grinding. Determine the amount of mint after adding the husk. Gm = 120 • 0.15 = 18 t Gm = 120 + 18 = 138t Determine hourly performance W1 = 138 • 1000/24 = 5750 kg / h Steam consumption in the process of humidification and frying.
The cotton seed is heated and humidified before frying. This process is carried out on steaming and dampening screws. Mint in the steaming -humidifying augers is heated from t1 = 200c to t2 = 650c.    Conclusions 1. The daily production volume of "EUROSNAR" LLC was investigated. The balance of consumed heat energy for manufactured products has been calculated. 2. According to the indicators of the balance of heat energy of "EUROSNAR" LLC, the calculation of the absolute and specific consumption of electricity for the generation of heat energy was performed, on the basis of which the diagram was built.
3. The results obtained are compared with the heat balance of the Chard-Zhou oil extraction plant, and it is recommended to apply this calculation method to other similar enterprises.