Design of the FOTS cable right-of-way on the territory of the Meshchersky National Park within the borders of the Ryazan and Vladimir regions

. The article discusses the issue of designing a fiber-optic transmission system (FORS) cable right-of-way on the territory of the Meshchersky National Park within the borders of the Ryazan and Vladimir regions. At the moment, land plots adjacent to both sides of the right-of-way may be privately owned, and changing the boundaries of the right-of-way, if necessary, may be associated with significant difficulties. Consequently, the land owner has the right to demand payment for restrictions in his economic activities on these lands provided for by the status of "protected zone". In addition, the work pays attention to the protection of forests dur-ing the design of the cable right-of-way, since the reproduction of forests is extremely important in forests protection. In this paper, there are references to the legal documents used in the course of the study.


Introduction
According to literature sources, "...at present, in design practice, the width of the rightof-way is considered as a derivative of design decisions on the location of the object, their "geometry", without taking into account factors affecting the amount of land reservation, the state of the geological environment, terrain features, traffic composition, and other natural and man-made conditions." [6] With this approach to justification of the right-of-way width, it is not possible to establish the priority influence of any of the listed factors. The methodology for justifying the size of the right-of-way, depending on the form of land ownership, is also not developed, since until the 90s of the last century, whole land was either in state or collective farm ownership. [1,3] This problem is compounded by the reform of the state's land policy.
As some researchers write, "...currently, land plots adjacent to both sides of the right-ofway may be privately owned, and changing the boundaries of the right-of-way, if neces-sary, may be associated with significant difficulties. The land owner has the right to demand payment for restrictions in his economic activity on these lands provided for by the status of a "protected zone". " [4,5] In our case, the object of this study is a right-of-way, which should be understood as a strip of land intended for laying fiber-optic transmission system (FOTS) cable on the territory of the Meshchersky National Park within the borders of the Ryazan and Vladimir regions.

Materials and methods of research
Meshchersky National Park is located in the South-Central part of the Meshchersky lowland in the subtaiga zone of mixed (coniferous-broad-leaved) forests.
Geomorphologically, the projected section of the Yaroslavl -Meshiha -Nizhny Novgorod highway is located on a slightly rounded accumulative plain, which mainly reflects the tectonic elements of the Russian platform and is complicated by the erosionaccumulative relief of river valleys, gullies and gills.
The entire territory under consideration can be attributed to a moderate continental climate zone with moderately warm summers and moderately harsh and snowy winters. Cyclonic activity prevails for most of the year. [7] The planned section of the FOTS is located in the central part of the Russian plain, the general direction of the highway is from North-West to South-East.
The highway runs mainly within the South-Eastern wing of the Moscow tectonic depression, in its South-Eastern part -along the adjacent Tokmovsky arch. This determines the structure of the upper part of the geological section, where the thickness of quaternary deposits of variegated facies composition is underlain by carboniferous carbonate or terrigene brockrams.
Underground oil trunk pipelines run through the Moscow, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, Orel regions and the city of Moscow: -"Moscow oil refinery plant" -of the linear production and dispatching station (LPDS) "Volodarskaya", "Circle oil products pipeline around Moscow" and its branches to airports and oil depots operated by the Volodarskoe district oil product pipeline Department (DOPDV); -"Ryazan-Moscow", "Novki-Ryazan", "Ryazan-Tula-Orel" and their branches to the airport and oil depots operated by the Ryazan regional oil pipeline Department (RRPD).
Underground oil products pipelines are a complex technical structure operating under high pressure. The structure of the main oil product pipelines includes the pipeline itself, including bends, high-pressure valves, control and measuring columns, cathodic and drainage protection stations, tread protection, block boxes of control and operation points (COP) and other equipment important for the operation of oil products pipelines. The route of oil products pipelines marked with signs "Beware of the oil products pipeline!", at the intersection of highways -with П-shaped signs "Beware of the oil products pipeline!" and road signs prohibiting stopping in the protected zone of the oil products pipelines.
The new cable will consist of fiber-optic material. It compares favorably with copper with the speed of information transfer, as well as it is cheaper and more durable in operation.
The main difficulty in designing a new cable was the following: part of the forests was assigned the status of national parks, and this is land specially protected by the state and any construction in them is prohibited, including new cable laying. It is necessary to design a new cable bypassing the Meshchersky National Park.
The design was carried out on the principle of the shortest path along the Park, without entering the protected area of the National Park, mainly on the land of the State Forest Fund (SFF), also part of the cable fell into the land of settlements, industrial land and agricultural land. Then the project was designed, geological, geodetic, and environmental surveys were carried out. After the procedure of coordination with the Ministry of Nature Management, rural administrations and individuals, if necessary, the cable was set out and the axis and the right-of-way were fixed on the ground for detailed identification: -in the case of SFF -the species, quality, composition, density and other indicators of wood, as well as to avoid cutting down red book trees, and cutting down trees in which red book animals live; -in the case of agricultural land -identification of actual use, if any, establishment of crops and land productivity for the purpose of calculating further rent.
Before any design, geodetic surveys are performed, the purpose of which is to identify all communications, terrain marks, object details, etc.
In accordance with the terms of reference for lot No. 2-38. 3/OZK OIPiEIS-05.2018 "Implementation of a complex of cadastral works on the development and approval of documentation on the territory planning (DTP) and registration of rights to land plots for the period of construction and installation work on the object "Fiber-optic transmission system (FOTS) Ryazan -Novki. Construction. First stage" a list and content of the main data and requirements for the work were developed.
The purpose of the work is to perform a complex of cadastral works on the development and approval of the DTP and registration of rights to land plots for construction and installation works on the object of the UIS PJSC Transneft "Fiber-optic transmission system (FOTS) Ryazan-Novki. Construction. First stage".
Location of the object -the Vladimir region, the Ryazan region.
The work was performed in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents: -Technical specification; - construction and installation works, operation of objects of TPD, CR and IP of JSC "AC "Transneft" (with amendments and additions); -Local regulations; -Other regulatory documents required to complete the technical specification. [8] Materials for the development and approval of the DTP, preliminary approval of the provision of land (forest) plots was a land management case for the allotment of land for the period of construction and installation works (CIW) (on paper in 1 copy in electronic form on CD (DVD) media in .pdf format), including the following documentation: 1. Preliminary agreements with owners, landowners, land users, tenants on the terms of use and restoration of land plots in at least 2 copies; 2. Agreed and approved in established order the Certificate of full-scale technical survey and/or project documentation on the forest plot, with the application of the Decision approving the Certificate of the full-scale technical survey and/or project documentation to the forest plot, 1 copy, certified 1 copy; 3. Agreed and approved documentation on the territory planning (planning project, land surveying project) on paper at least 2 copies, and in electronic form on CD (DVD)-R/RW in 2 copies (text part in the development format, graphic material in vector form in the format of GIS AutoCAD (.dwg) and MapInfo, as well as in PDF format); 5. Decision of the Executive body of state power or local self-government on approval of documentation on the territory planning -at least 2 copies; 6. Publication materials in the media about the upcoming construction -at least 2 copies (if necessary); 7. A decision on preliminary approval of the provision of a land (forest) plot -1 copy.

Results and discussions
After project approval, the procedure for removing the axis and the security zone to the area follows, the points of state geodetic networks (SGS) are pre-ordered, and the coordinate system is calibrated. For work, at least 5 SGS points for each cadastral area are needed where the work is carried out. After the survey of points, they must be linked to each other, if the discrepancy exceeds any points in the plan or by height, they must be excluded and new ones must be examined. Based on the results of the survey, a survey card is filled in and the data are submitted to the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography (Rosreestr). After the calibration process, the characteristic points are set out and fixed on the ground.
Scope of work: number of municipalities -7 (Table 1).  On the territory of the Ryazan region, allotment land includes agricultural land, forest land, industrial land, and lands of settlements.
The area of allocated land plots in the Vladimir and Ryazan regions, broken down by land category (ha) / length of system object, broken down by land category (km), is shown in table 3. Table 3. The area of the allocated LP, broken down by land category (ha) / length of the system object, broken down by land category (km).

No. Land category Area of allocated LP
Vladimir region 1 Lands of agriculture purposes Total -6.1200 ha / 10.200 km, including for cadastral registration and surveying 5,4000 ha / 9.000 km. The analysis of table 3 shows that a larger number of lands falling within the allotment zone belong to the lands of the forest fund, both on the territory of the Vladimir and Ryazan regions.
The length of the borders of the LP (km) with a breakdown by land category (ha) on the territory of the Vladimir and Ryazan regions is shown in table 4.  In accordance with part 1 of article 61 of the LC of the Russian Federation "... cut down, dead, damaged forests are subject to reproduction. Forest reproduction is carried out by reforestation and forest care..». [2] In accordance with the above-mentioned Federal law: "...measures for forest reproduction are fixed in the forest management regulations and in the forest development project. Measures for forests reproduction are of great importance. Failure by citizens, legal entities that use forests, to compy with forestry regulations and a forest development project in terms of forest reproduction is the basis for early termination of lease agreements for forest plots, contracts for the sale and purchase of forest plantations, as well as for compulsory termination of the right to permanent (unlimited) use of forest plots or the right of gratuitous fixed-term use of forest plots".
But in our case, since the cable is not serviced, forest reproduction will take place naturally, i.e. the cut-down right-of-way will overgrow independently, reclamation actions are not required.

Conclusions
Thus, the main difficulty in designing a new cable was the following: part of the forests was assigned the status of national parks, and this is land specially protected by the state and any construction in them is prohibited, including new cable laying. It is necessary to design a new cable bypassing the Meshchersky National Park. The design was carried out on the principle of the shortest path along the Park, without entering the protected area of the National Park, mainly on the land of the State Forest Fund (SFF), also part of the cable fell into the land of settlements, industrial land and agricultural land. Then the project was designed, geological, geodetic, and environmental surveys were carried out. After the procedure of coordination with the Ministry of Nature Management, rural administrations and individuals, if necessary, the cable was set out and the axis and the right-of-way were fixed on the ground for detailed identification: -in the case of State Forest Fund (SFF) -the species, quality, composition, density and other indicators of wood, as well as to avoid cutting down red book trees, and cutting down trees in which red book animals live; -in the case of agricultural lands -identification of actual use, if any, establishment of crops and land productivity for the purpose of calculating further rent.
Before any design, geodetic surveys are performed, the purpose of which is to identify all communications, terrain marks, object details, etc.