Environment Identification of Plantation Plant Development for Competitive in Sukoharjo Districts, Indonesia

Indonesia Abstract. Developing the competitiveness of an area needs to identify the environment to determine the potential of the region. This study aimed to determine the environment that affects the development of plantation crops in Sukoharjo. Data analysis techniques used were Analytical Hierarki Process and Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats. The results showed the direction of the development of plantation crops was productivity. The priority plantation crops developed in Sukoharjo Regency were Sugar Cane (0.2929), Coconut (0.2017), Java Tobacco (0.1650), Medicinal Plants (0.12834), Cashew (0.1259), and Kapok (0.0085). Identification on the development of estate crops as follows internal factors such as i) strengths: available land, farmer institutions, social culture, availability of human resources,ii) weaknesses: low farmer education, lack of farmer coaching, expensive labor. While the external factors were i) opportunities: availability of seeds from the government, mechanization assistance for land, market demand, land expansion, the presence of sugarcane processing factories, biotechnology ii) threats: land use change, sugarcane farmers competition, pest and disease attacks, farmers


Introduction
Development of identical plantations with large industrial components and sources of state revenue to make plantation products for export. The selection of priority commodities to be developed can contribute to regional development. This research aimed to determine priority plantation crops to be developed in Sukoharjo districts, Indonesia. The data analysis technique used is the AHP (Analytical Hierarki Process) method [1].
The results indicate the direction of the development of plantation crops is productivity. The priority plantation crops developed in Sukoharjo districts are Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) (0.2929), Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) (0.2017), Tobaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) (0.1650), Herb and Spices (0.1283), Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) (0.1259), Cotton (Ceiba pentandra L.) (0.0085). Identification on the development of estate crops as follows internal factors including i) strengths: available land, farmer the association, social culture, availability of human resources, ii) weaknesses: low farmer education, lack of farmer coaching, expensive labor. The external factors are i) opportunities: availability of seeds from the government, mechanization assistance for land, market demand, expansion of land, the presence of sugarcane processing factories ii) threats: land use change, sugarcane farmers competition, pest and disease attacks, farmers moving to other sectors.

Material
The study was conducted in Sukoharjo Regency, with primary data collection carried out by purposive sampling by interviews in the form of data and information or questionnaires.

Analytical hierarki process analysis
The analysis used in this research was the AHP and SWOT analysis [2]. The procedure of the AHP was : i. Arrange the hierarchy Arrange the hierarchy of the problems faced, must first define the problem and determine the desired solution.
ii. Determine the priority

An An1
An2 An3 Ann G = Basic criteria of comparison Ai,Aj = Element below level is load Ij = 1,2,3, ..., n is the index of the element in the level which are the same and are jointly related to the criteria G. Aij = the number given by comparing elements with the jth element, which is done with scale pairwise comparison. iii. Synthesis Add up the values of each column in the matrix and divide each value from the column by the total column in question, then add up the values of each row and divide by the number of elements to get the average value vi. Divide the results from the addition of rows with the relative elements concerned, then determine λ max viii. Consistency ratio Consistency ratio is described in Equation (2): The design of this study starts from observing data and information to agencies or institutions related to the research to determine the priority of estate crops commodities, then make a questionnaire, for AHP analysis. The results of AHP analysis in the form of priority commodities, then identified environmental factors that influence the development of plantation crops.

Results and discussions
The agricultural sector became one of the main saviors of the economy in Indonesia. It indirectly involves the role of the plantation subsector. The plantation sector holds an important role in the development of the economy in Indonesia [3]. The geographical, plantation district has an area of 466.66 km 2 which consists of 12 districts. Sukoharjo district has ten commodities in the plantation sector. Plantation as an integral part of the agricultural sector is a sub sector that has an important and strategic role in national development [4].  Plantation commodities in Sukoharjo District are much effort by local farmers scattered in 12 sub Districts in Sukoharjo District. The development of plantation commodities tended to increase every year, some commodities have not increased production for several years. Therefore, for the development of plantation commodities, need to determine priority commodities for Sukoharjo District, Indonesia.
The development of a priority commodity needs to determine the purpose so obvious for development of the commodity and to know the factors that influence in developing the priority commodity [5]. Analysis to determine the commodity using AHP then be identified internal and external factors. Determination of the purpose of the development of leading plantation commodities is the level of productivity, market development and improvement of the regional economy [6].  Table 9, the sugarcane commodity was ranked 1, this shows the sugar cane commodity can be a superior commodity. Sugar cane is a plant that is widely cultivated to meet raw materials in more than 58 sugar factories in Indonesia. Cane plantation production has a high productivity compared to other plantation commodities. Cane is a plantation crop that has priority to be developed. Sugar cane plantation is located in Polokarto, Sukoharjo District, which has a land area of 680.23 ha.
Environmental conditions necessary for sugarcane cultivation include tropical or temperate climatic conditions with plentiful supply of water: approximately for more than 6 mo annually -either from rainfall or irrigation; with frost not favoring its growth and up to altitudes of 1 600 m. Sukoharjo Regency is located at an altitude of 125 m.a.s.l to 80 m.a.s.l. The highest place above sea level is the Subdistrict of Polokarto, which is 125 m.a.s.l., and the rainfall that occurs along. Geographical conditions support the development of sugarcane.
The first International Conference for Sustainable Plantation (The 1 st ICSP), 101 presenters were presented in the first ICSP, discussing sustainable development of many estate crops. The major estate crops and plantations presented in the first ICSP include cocoa, coconut, coffee, nutmeg, oil palm, rubber, pepper, sago palm, sugar cane, sugar palm, tea, and other miscellaneous plantation crops and research areas related to the crops [7]. Plantation-based industries have the ability to be the leading sect of economic growth, employment, and also encourage increased income distribution. One of the downstream plantation industries is the sugar industry [8].
Other important roles can also be seen from the perspective of food security, investment absorption, and the extent of linkages in the downstream industry, such as the food industry, beverage industry, refined sugar industry, pharmaceutical industry, paper, MSG, particle board, and bio-energy.
Sugar industry is also highly related to local resources, thus high value commodities can be developed for the empowerment of the people's economy. Therefore, the presence of the sugar industry can be an economic asset and at the same time an important social asset [9]. The study prospect of developing sugarcane needs to identify internal and external factors [10]. The identification results shown in Table 10. Polokarto, Sukoharjo District, is one of the suppliers of raw materials for the Tasikmadu sugar factory in Karanganyar District thus it has a significant opportunity to be developed and supported by an increase in the community consuming sugar. Sugarcane is managed by local farmers in Polokarto, but the amount of costs to pay farmers is a weakness, and it is feared that farmers will also switch professions. Biotechnology plays an important role for the improvement of Sugarcane varieties. Biotechnological approaches for sugarcane improvement in the following areas such as (i) Cell and tissue culture for rapid propagation genetic transformation and molecular breeding, (ii) Introduction of novel genes into commercial cultivars, (iii) Molecular detection of sugarcane pathogens,(iv) Development of genetic maps using molecular marker technology, (v) Understanding the molecular basis of sucrose accumulation, (vi) Molecular testing of plants for clonal fidelity, (vii) Variety identification, and (viii) Molecular characterization of various traits [11].
Sugarcane productivity can be disturbed by pests and diseases [12]. The sugar productivity often experiences obstacles, one of which is insect pests. Losses caused by pests and diseases are quite high, around 10 % decrease in sugar production. The results of the identification of internal and external factors are used as a reference in the strategy of developing sugarcane.

Conclusion
Sugarcane has the potential to be developed in Sukoharjo, Indonesia. Environmental factors are an important concern for developing sugarcane. The internal factors can also influence the development of sugarcane. Therefore, biotechnology as the application of technology is very important to be able to develop sugarcane varieties. Increasing the number of varieties, sugar cane plants can increase competitiveness in the market.