Optimization Sugarcane and Paddy Waste as Bio-Composite Material to Absorb Impact Force

Agricultural waste such as sugarcane and paddy are common during harvesting to production process. Sometimes they burned after the harvest process, as consequently the environmental problem got multiply. Demand for Composite Material got inflate recently, because they are lighter and stronger than Polyethylene Plastic. Filler in composite materials is expensive and requires precise design. The aim of this research is to create cheap and eco-friendly composite materials, besides raised value of agricultural waste. The composite material using sugarcane bagasse as fibre, paddy chaff powder applied as filler and polyester resin as matrix. In this study, we varied the fibre direction with composition of sugarcane bagasse and paddy chaff powder. In this research fibre direction has three levels they are 0, 45 and 90 degrees. Composition between sugarcane bagasse, paddy chaff powder and polyester resin ratio has three levels they are 15:15:70, 12.5:12.5:75 and 10:10:80. ANOVA test shown fibre direction has significant influence to ability of the material to absorb impact energy 78.14 percent than fibre composition 12.10 percent. The highest impact absorb value is 0.3 degrees Joule on composition ratio paddy chaff: sugarcane: polyester resin is 15:15:70 and 45 degrees fibre direction.


Introduction
Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is waste during sugar production process. Predicted in 2025 sugar production about 3.2 million ton, estimated half mass of them is wasted that called sugarcane bagasse [1]. Rise is essential need for Indonesian people, because major of Indonesian people consuming rice. Demand of rice in Indonesia increasing followed by demography growth. Currently Indonesia production about 70million ton rice and contributes as much as 9.52% of total global rice production. Then nominated as big three in production rice [2]. Paddy chaff (PCF) is residue from rice harvesting and their weight is quarter from paddy [3]. Stock of both waste materials are plentiful. Usually both abandon or burned after harvest or production process. That releasing carbon dioxide into air, and have contribution on pollution, and this may release about 2091 CO2 lb gas per each ton [4]. Some research trying from SCB and PCF potency.
Unsaturated polyester resin has well mechanical strength and cheap [5]. In chemical perspective they have some advantage such as good adhesion, good heat transfer, chemicals, and acids resistance, forms good composites with wood, metal, glass fibre, plastics, and natural fibres [6]. Besides its advantages, polyester also has weaknesses, including lower strain value than epoxy * Corresponding author : anis.arendra@trunojoyo.ac.id resin, lower flame and heat resistance properties than phenolic resins [7]. The addition of an enormous amount of catalyst will cause excessive heat during the curing process [8]. For long term resin can release emission foun in coating material for copper wires in electric motors. detecting releasing alcoholic degradation products induced by the hemiacetal formation [9].

Literature Review
Research observed paddy chaff as aggregate material in concrete. Variable observed are presentation of paddy chaff on concrete mixing and age of concrete after casting. The variable on presentation paddy chaff is five level from 0% to 15%. Age after casing variable has two level 7 days and 28 days. Where 7 days presenting concrete has steady strength after casing, then 28 days presenting permanent strength after casting. The result after conducted split and compressive tensile strength show that concrete who combined with paddy chaff USD 33,7 cheaper than conventional concrete [10] and it confirmed in another research [11]. SCB also increasing density of material soil block [12].
Another research investigating about mechanical behaviour on unsaturated polyester resin. Resin material formed from low viscosity type UP-973STV unsaturated polyester resin and curing agent is cobalt octoate accelerator MEKP. specimen geometry 15x25x6 mm. Tensile stress and strain at failure of the neat resin was found 63 MPa and 4.7% respectively. Fracture toughness, KIc, and fracture energy, GIc, obtained for the polyester resin lie between the typical values for epoxy resins and polystyrene, which was found 0.30 MPa m0.5 and 90 J/m2 respectively. Flexural stress and flexural strain at failure of the neat resin was found 78 MPa and 1.8% respectively [13].
Reported on research using bio-composite such as rice, wheat and mustard for acoustic absorber for industrial noise control. Rice straw pulp was used in this method, pulp was extracted from rice straw then it was combined with binders to form bio composites. Porosity is highest when rice straw pulp was mixed with natural binders. The best hardness and thermal resistance were from cement and lime binders and moisture content was. Combination bio-composite from rice straw pulp with natural binders have better capability to absorbs sound wave [14].
Another research observed effectivity level on vibroisolation composite biodegradable poly-lactid acid. This research using natural flax fibre as filler, and variate moisture content. Composite material testing bending and tensile. And these natural based vibro-isolation will compare with commercial grade. It has been proven that the type of the plasticizer used in the composite changes the vibro-isolation parameter. The result show that also length and weight% of fibre had influence of the fibres results in lower material damping values [15] 3 Methods

Material and Variable
In this research we using 157 BQTN-EX7 unsaturated polyester resin, with curing agent MEKP. Sugarcane bagasse dried for 10 days with 69-71% humidity. Grinded paddy chaff dried for 10

Research Flow
Research starts from mixing material Process to create composite start from cutting SCB into specific size, then SCB drying in allocated time and humidity measured using Measure Humidity. PCF pounded into being powder. fibre direction is determined based on the research variable, then sprinkled PCF over SCB. Followed by moulding according to ASTM-D6110 length wide and beam 130x130x13 mm size. the process of inserting by means of resin infusion in which the resin is inserted into the mould which is already filled with SCB and PCF and then the PR is inserted by infusing it into the mould. Each specimen is tested for its ability to absorb imp act forces using CHARPY impact test. Final step is observed variable who have significant to absorb impact energy using ANOVA.

Result
The result from impact test shown on table 2. From data in Table 2 then we took hypothesis of ANOVA test for response of composite material to absorb impact energy. Hypothesis of ANOVA test for influence of the FD factor: • H0: There is no significant effect on orientation of fibre direction toughness value of composite material to absorb impact energy • H1: There is a significant influence on orientation of the fibre direction on toughness value of composite materials to absorbing impact energy Hypothesis of ANOVA test for influence of the FC factor: • H0: There is no significant effect on fibre composition on toughness value of of composite material to absorb impact energy • H1: There is a significant influence on fibre composition on toughness value of composite materials to absorbing impact energy There question for processing data from impact test result to find which variable more significant than another variable: Factor correction Sum Square

Discussion
Based on the calculation, it is found that the F count for the FD factor is 12.10 with the F table value of 3.55 so it is said that the F count is greater than the F table so that H0 is rejected. FD treatment has a significant effect on the toughness value of composite materials in absorbing impact energy. In addition, the calculated F for the FC factor is 2.63 with the F table value of 3.55 so it is said that the calculated F is smaller than the F table so that we accept H0. FC variable there is no significant effect on the value of the toughness of the composite material in absorbing impact energy [16]. Based on the calculation, it was found that the calculated F for the interaction between the orientation of the fibre direction and the percentage composition was 0.78 with an F table value of 2.93 so it was said that the calculated F was smaller than the F table so that H0 was accepted. From the interaction between the orientation of the fibre direction and the percentage composition does not have a significant effect on the value of the toughness of the composite material in absorbing impact energy [17]. From the results of calculations on the ANOVA test on the variable direction of fibre and fibre composition has a significant influence on the value of the toughness of composite materials in absorbing impact energy. From the interaction between fibre direction orientation and percentage composition, there is no significant effect on the toughness value of composite materials in absorbing impact energy. The best combination to absorb on this research is composition 15% sugarcane bagasse, 15% paddy chaff and 70% polyester resin with fibre direction 45 o . composite on this research have average capability to absorb impact test 0. ineffective up to half [18]. angle of 45 o is also often used to deflect forces in some turbine impeller designs [19] that why it better that 90 o and 180 o to absorb impact energy. [20]