The Coupling evaluation model of Marine Industrial Structure and Scientific and Technological Innovation in Shandong Province

The relationships between marine industrial structure and technological innovation are mutual influence and interdependence. Their coordinated development plays an important role in the transformation of China's marine economy. By constructing a comprehensive index evaluation system of marine industrial structure and technological innovation, the coupled coordination model is applied to the marine industrial structure and technological innovation of Shandong Province. This paper measures the coupled development status of these, quantitatively evaluate the current status of their collaborative development, and propose corresponding countermeasures.


Introduction
In recent years, driven by the strategy of marine power, China's marine economic output has grown rapidly, marine scientific research has also achieved breakthroughs in a number of marine industries, and key technologies have achieved independent innovation. However, due to the late start of China's marine industry, there are still some problems in industrial structure, such as uneven development, more prominent isomorphism. From the analysis of these, it can be concluded that marine scientific and technological innovation plays a huge guiding role in the industrial level, and the optimization of marine industrial structure can further effectively exert the ability of scientific and technological innovation. Improving the coupling and coordination between marine industrial structure and marine scientific and technological innovation is of great significance to the implementation of the road of scientific and technological innovation of marine industry with Chinese characteristics.

Journals reviewed
There are few researches on industrial structure and marine scientific and technological innovation at home and abroad, mainly focusing on the impact of marine scientific and technological innovation on the optimization of industrial structure. Xu Sheng makes a grey correlation analysis on the relevant data of marine industry and innovation drive in 11 coastal provinces and cities in China, and finally concludes that innovation drive is very important for the transformation and development of marine industry 1. Through quantitative analysis, Zhang Meichen and Bu Wei found that there are many problems in China's marine industrial structure, such as isomorphism and unbalanced development. They believe that the backwardness of marine science and technology is one of the main factors restricting the structure of marine industry. We should improve the efficiency of marine technology innovation and exert the role of marine technology in promoting the upgrading of marine industries 2.
Some scholars have also studied the impact of marine industrial structure on marine scientific and technological innovation. Gao Tianyi and Chang Fei evaluated the scientific and technological innovation efficiency of Qingdao marine economy through data Envelopment Analysis, and found that the low level of industrial structure is the main reason that affects the efficiency of marine scientific and technological innovation. Then he proposed that the efficiency of marine scientific and technological innovation should be improved through the adjustment of industrial structure 3. Kui Bo and others believe that it is necessary to improve China's overall marine scientific and technological innovation capability by changing the mode of marine economic growth, expanding the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, and developing marine high-tech industries 4. Shen believes that the development of marine emerging industries not only promotes the innovation of marine high and new technology, but also promotes the development of marine economy 5.
The existing achievements generally emphasize the one-way promoting effect of scientific and technological innovation on the optimization of industrial structure, while ignoring the research on the coupling relationship between the development of scientific and technological innovation and the optimization of industrial structure. Based on this, this paper starts from the coupling development of marine scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure, and explores the coupling mechanism and coordinated development degree of the two, which is of great significance to promote the industrial transformation and development of coastal areas.

Construction of index system
First of all, we construct a comprehensive evaluation index system of scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure. Xi Jinping proposed to promote the development of key areas of marine science and technology in the following five aspects: technology and equipment for deep-sea and ocean investigation and exploration, ship technology and far-reaching sea transportation and engineering equipment, new marine materials, biological resources on the polar high seas, and marine science and technology personnel. Based on this, this paper selects 12 representative indicators to construct a comprehensive evaluation system of marine scientific and technological innovation. In terms of the development of marine industrial structure, its optimization and upgrading path should be changed from "primary industrial structure dominated by traditional fishery, low processing industry and low value-added industry" to "secondary industry, tertiary industry, higher processing industry and higher value-added industry"6. Based on this, this paper selects the corresponding indicators to construct a comprehensive evaluation system of marine industrial structure from the upgrading and diversification of industrial structure.
The study area is set in Shandong Province. Shandong Province is an important part of national marine development strategy and regional coordinated development strategy. Due to the diversity and richness of marine resources, especially the difficulty of obtaining marine resources, the relationship between marine industry and scientific and technological innovation is getting closer and closer. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the research on the coordinated development of industrial structure optimization and scientific and technological innovation in Shandong Province.
Because the dimensions of each evaluation index are different, this paper first uses the range standardization method to deal with the index, and then uses the entropy weighting method to determine the weight of each index. The specific steps will not be repeated in this article, and the weight assignment results are shown in Table 1. Then calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of scientific and technological innovation ((TI)) and the comprehensive evaluation index of industrial structure ((IS)) in Shandong Province from 2006 to 2016.
is the value of the j index of the I year after standardization, is the weight of the j index. Marine industrial structure upgrading index (marine primary production + 2 * marine secondary production + 3 * marine tertiary production)/100 0.121

Data source
The average data in this paper come from China Marine Statistical Yearbook (2007-2017).

Construction of coupled coordination model
The coupling degree function of scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure is: C √ , C∈ [0, 1]. It can reflect the degree of interaction between marine scientific and technological innovation and marine industrial structure. However, because the coupling degree cannot comprehensively measure whether the system is coordinated in coupling or not, the coupling coordination degree function is further introduced: D √ , T αTI βIS , D is the degree of coupling coordination, C is the degree of coupling, T is the comprehensive coordination index of the system. α and β are undetermined coefficients, and the values are taken according to the different contribution rates of the system, satisfying α + β = 1. This paper thinks that the importance of scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure is equal, so α = β = 0.5. The comprehensive evaluation indicator of the industrial structure of Shandong Province has been growing steadily, with a maximum increase of 41.4 per cent in 2014. In the indicators of the industrial structure subsystem, the proportion of marine gross domestic product in GDP and the proportion of marine tertiary industry ranks in the top two. Both of them show an increasing trend after 2013, indicating that the industrial structure of Shandong Province is developing well. With the continuous optimization of the marine industrial structure, the proportion of the marine tertiary industry should continue to rise, and the above research results are also consistent with the facts.
It can be seen from table 3 that the growth nodes of the comprehensive evaluation index of the two subsystems are the same, and both achieved a leap in 2014. In 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed the "four changes" in China's maritime power strategy. This is of great guiding significance to the improvement of the ability of marine scientific and technological innovation and the optimization of industrial structure in Shandong Province.

System coupling coordination time-series change analysis
According to the measured results in the table 3, the coupling degree of marine scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure of Shandong Province fluctuates smoothly and has been maintained at a level of about 1, which belongs to high coupling. It indicates a high degree of interaction and correlation between the two. From the results of the coupling coordination degree, we can see that the coupling coordination degree of Shandong Province in 2006 and 2016 shows an upward trend as a whole. It can be divided into two stages.
The first stage is the transformation and development stage from 2006 to 2013, and the degree of coupling coordination increases from 0.5509 to 0.6321. In 2006, the development of the two systems is not balanced, and it is in the basic coordination stage that the marine scientific and technological innovation is in advance and the marine industrial structure lags behind. Since then, it has been in the running-in type of basic coordinated development until 2013. The second stage is the coordinated development stage from 2013 to 2016, and the highest value of coupling coordination degree is 0.8039. In 2014 and 2015, the two systems developed in a highly coordinated manner. In 2016, it changed to the advanced development of industrial structure, while the development of scientific and technological innovation lagged behind. Within the scope of the study, Shandong Province has not reached the ideal level of extreme coupling coordination, indicating that there is still room for development. From the perspective of time characteristics, the fluctuation range of coupling coordination degree reached the maximum in 2014, which is consistent with the growth node of the subsystem comprehensive evaluation index. It can be concluded that with the development of marine scientific and technological innovation and the continuous optimization of industrial structure in Shandong Province, the level of coordinated development of the two will be improved. In the process of future development, it is necessary to initiatives in scientific and technological innovation to accelerate the realization of the role of science and technology innovation in promoting the industrial structure.  2) The coupling correlation between marine scientific and technological innovation and marine industrial structure in Shandong Province has been in a highly coupled state since 2006, but there is still room for improvement. On the other hand, the change range of coupling coordination degree is more obvious, which achieves a qualitative leap. It has been upgraded from the running-in type of basic coordinated development to the synchronous type of highly coordinated development, but there is still the problem that the development of marine scientific and technological innovation lags behind. The improvement of regional marine innovation capability will promote the innovation behavior of marine industry, form new industrial clusters and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. At the same time, the relationship between supply and demand brought about by the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure will make more innovation elements invested, so as to further enhance the ability of marine innovation.

Conclusion and suggestion
Based on the above conclusions, this paper further puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to speed up the development of marine scientific and technological innovation and the optimization of industrial structure. First, in order to accelerate the speed of marine scientific and technological innovation, promote the upgrading of marine industrial structure, and realize the sustainable development of marine economy, we must adhere to the development road led by innovation. We will optimize the environment for marine scientific and technological innovation, promote the integration of different industries, promote the reorganization and optimal allocation of resources, and create a complete chain of innovation and entrepreneurship. Second, we should build an efficient and coordinated development mechanism between marine scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure, and play a leading role in policy. For high-tech industries, the government should formulate tax and subsidy policies macroscopically, increase support and guidance, and give corresponding financial support. The government has set up a platform for industry-universityresearch cooperation to actively absorb and introduce innovative achievements. Local enterprises are encouraged to innovate independently and improve total factor productivity. This will enhance the competitiveness of the marine industry and rationalize the industrial structure.