Rational use of land resources: regional aspect

The analysis of the use of the land fund of the Krasnodar Territory and the analysis of the rational use of land resources were conducted, using the following coefficients: coefficient of arable land, coefficient of plowing of the territory, and territory development coefficient. The paper discusses the techniques and methods of statistical analysis of the distribution of the land fund by categories of land in the Krasnodar Territory for 2005-2019. Since the area of land by categories changes in dynamics, the indicators of the growth rate, increase, and average values of the series were used. This gives an understanding of how intensively the land areas of the Krasnodar Territory change. The analysis of the use of the land fund of the Krasnodar Territory is necessary in order to determine the possibilities for a more rational and effective use of it, as well as to preserve and improve the quality of the land. Therefore, it is relevant.


Introduction
One of the key and urgent problems of our time is the rational and efficient use of land. This is caused by the fact that there is a deterioration in the condition of agricultural land in most subjects of the Russian Federation -a decrease in fertility, the development of other negative processes leading to the retirement of agricultural land from turnover.
Analysis is one of the most important tools for obtaining information necessary for making management decisions. The analysis allows accumulating relevant experience and making the most balanced and rational decisions, which ultimately determine the success of the management actions and activities, and, consequently, rational use of land.
Rational use of lands implies their use for their intended purpose in compliance with the established requirements and restrictions, as well as taking into account the compliance of the purpose and nature of the use of specific land plots with their properties. This is the use of lands that does not lead to a decrease in their quality. Efficient use of land is use that brings economic, social, environmental or other beneficial results. In the annual message of the President to the Federal Assembly, V.V. Putin noted that the issues of improving the use of land resources is a powerful factor in economic and social development and, at the same time, one of the most difficult and historically acute problems in general, and in our country in particular [1]. Consequently, the analysis of land resources in the regions will improve the efficiency of land use by agricultural enterprises in the region.

Materials and methods
The materials for the study were statistical data of the Department of the Methods of statistical and system analysis were used to accomplish the assigned tasks.

Results
The area of the Krasnodar Territory is 75,485 km² and is ranked 42nd in terms of this indicator among the regions of the Russian Federation. Agricultural lands occupy about 63% of the total area of the land fund of the region. From 2005 to 2019, the land fund of the Krasnodar Territory has undergone significant changes in certain categories. Analyzing the changes in the land fund of the region for each category of land, the following changes can be observed. So, agricultural land decreased by 68.7 thousand hectares, and in 2019, they amount to 4695.3 thousand hectares. A decrease in the area can be traced in the following categories of lands: lands of specially protected areas -8.9 thousand hectares, lands of the water fund -12.2 thousand hectares, and reserve lands -3.7 thousand hectares, respectively. The lands of settlements increased by 78.2 thousand hectares, the lands of industrial and other special purpose also increased by 7.6 thousand hectares, and forest land -by 7.7 thousand hectares. Figure   In 2019, the lands of settlements occupy 8.6%; lands for industry, transport, communications, radio broadcasting, television, informatics, space support, defense and other purposes -1.9%; lands of specially protected natural areas -5%; forest land -16.0%; water fund lands -325.1 thousand hectares (4.3%); reserve lands -141.6 thousand hectares (1.9%).

Discussion
The area of agricultural land changes from year to year. Dynamics of changes in the area of land of this category for the period 2005-2019 is shown in Figure 2.  Analysis of the data of state statistical reports shows that in 2019, the redistribution of the areas of all categories of land continued, which is associated with the land transformations carried out in the region aimed at strengthening various forms of ownership and the development of multi-structure methods of land management, as well as bringing land categories in line with forest, water and land legislation [3].
In Table 1  The  The movement of land between categories, land users, landowners and owners of land plots really reflects the current policy in the region, which was carried out in accordance with the adopted laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and decrees of the regional authorities.
Organization of rational and efficient use of each hectare of land is one of the most important components of the socio-economic development of the public economy. The assessment of the rational use of land is based on the calculation of special coefficients and indicators characterizing the degree of use of the entire fund and individual agricultural land, and the state of the land fund is studied by analysing its composition [4][5][6].
The analysis of the rational use of agricultural land will be carried out using the coefficients of development of the territory, plowing and use of arable land. Arable land is the most valuable part of agricultural land and is a plot of land that is systematically used for the cultivation of agricultural crops [7][8][9].
The coefficient characterizing the degree of use of agricultural land is determined by the formula: . arable land agric land S S (1) The coefficient of plowing the area is calculated as follows: .
To characterize the degree of development of the territory of an agricultural enterprise, the coefficient of territory development is used: . agric land peren plant settlments transport total S S S S S + + + The obtained results are summarized in table 3. The analysis showed that agricultural land in the Krasnodar Territory was developed by 46%, plowed up by 57%, and used in production by 88%.
The analysis of the composition and structure of land plots determines the possibility of involving unused land in agricultural production. Based on the analysis, it should be noted that measures should be taken to improve the structure of land use and opportunities for expanding the use of arable land, fodder land, and perennial plantations. Unused agricultural land in the Krasnodar Territory must be involved in agricultural turnover [10,11].

Conclusion
During the analysis of the indicators of land resources, it was revealed that the use of the land fund is carried out intensively in the Krasnodar Territory, the proportion of arable land is high. It is necessary to carry out measures for the rational use of lands, ensuring their preservation, increasing the productivity and fertility of agricultural land, preventing land erosion, pollution and other unwanted resources.