Research on The Evolution of High-tech Industry Competitiveness in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

From the perspective of ecological niche, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of the competitiveness of beijing-tianjin-hebei high-tech industry, and analyzes the competitiveness of beijingtianjin-hebei high-tech industry from the perspectives of niche value, niche width and niche overlap. The results show that :(1) from the perspective of ecological niche, the niche value of the competitiveness of hightech industries in Beijing, tianjin and hebei does not show an increasing trend with time, and the overall value of the niche is ranked from the largest to the smallest: Beijing, tianjin and hebei.(2) from the niche breadth, beijing-tianjin-hebei high-tech industry competitiveness niche breadth range as follows: 0.26-0.83, Beijing niche width of the widest, hebei niche breadth the narrowest, Beijing and tianjin hi-tech industry competitiveness niche breadth value reduced trend on the whole, hebei niche breadth on overall growth trend.


Introduction
Under the global economic situation, with the continuous advancement of scientific and technological innovation and the continuous improvement of informatization level, the competition among regions focuses on the high-tech field. As the most dynamic high-tech industry in economy, it has huge market potential. Its development can attract overseas students, improve innovation ability, increase industrial output value, drive regional development, and improve regional strength and competitiveness.Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are located in a special area. The planning of coordinated development started late. There are many problems in the three places, such as uneven distribution of capital, human and material resources, different government support, and geographical differences. How to reduce regional differences , give full play to industrial advantages, and promote the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei is worth indepth study. It is of practical significance to implement policy support and update resource allocation.

Literature review
As a whole concept, the competitiveness of high-tech industry reflects the comprehensive strength of patent application, new product development and achievement transformation of high-tech industry. Ye Qilin and Zhang Jianming used the entropy method to evaluate the competitiveness of Shanghai's high-tech industry, and concluded that the competitiveness of Shanghai's hightech industry showed an increasing trend over time, followed by the problems of industrial output and policy capacity [1]. Pan Xia and Ju Xiaofeng divided the competitiveness of high-tech industries into internal competitiveness and external competitiveness, and combined factor analysis and cluster analysis to rank the competitiveness of high-tech industries in some regions [2]. He Hongguang and Li Guangqin rank first based on the dynamic shift share spatial modelFrom the evaluation and comparison of six high-tech industries, such as medical and pharmaceutical equipment manufacturing industry and special equipment manufacturing industry, it is concluded that Guangdong is the most competitive high-tech industry, and Beijing Tianjin Hebei is not obvious in the competitive advantage [3].
The concept of "niche" was first proposed by Grinnell. With the development, it is defined as the position of a population in time and space in the natural ecosystem and its functional relationship with related populations [4]. Based on the theories of ecology and innovation system, Chen Honghua and Yin Ximing put forward the concept of science and technology innovation niche and summarized its competitive strategy [5].Luo Wei et al. Based on the niche perspective, explored the gap of scientific and technological innovation development in the Yangtze River economic belt, evaluated the competitiveness of scientific and technological innovation from three specific dimensions of niche, and concluded that the comprehensive niche value of Jiangsu in the Yangtze River Economic Belt ranked first, followed by Shanghai, and the niche value of Shanghai continued to decline [6].

Niche situation model
Niche situation theory is the basis of this paper to evaluate the competitiveness of high-tech industry,"State" refers to the real state of high-tech industry, which represents the resources and development basis of high-tech industry, and is the result of interaction between high-tech industry and social resources and environment"It refers to the influence and dominant power of high-tech industry, representing the development potential of high-tech industry.This paper constructs the niche situation model of high-tech industry competitiveness:

Niche breadth mode
The niche breadth of high-tech industry refers to the sum of all kinds of resources used by a province (city) in the development of high-tech industry, and also represents the diversification of the characteristics of high-tech industry in the use of market resources.The improved Shannon model is used.

Index selection
The competitiveness of high-tech industry is the strength formed by many factors. Based on the principles of comprehensiveness, scientificalness, desirability and predictability, and referring to the evaluation index system of relevant scholars, this paper constructs a high-tech industry with four dimensions of industrial input ability, industrial output ability, industrial innovation ability and innovation support environment as the first level index. The competitiveness evaluation model is shown in Table  1.  The results show that: Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei hightech industry competitiveness niche value does not show an increasing trend with time.Hebei's niche value is in the range of (0.1, 0.15), Tianjin's niche value is in the range of (0.34, 0.41), and Beijing's niche value is in the range of (0.47, 0.52). On the whole, Beijing's competitiveness ranks first, Tianjin's is in the middle, Hebei's is behind, and Hebei has a large gap with Beijing and Tianjin.

The niche breadth of Beijing Tianjin Hebei high tech industry competitiveness
According to table 2,The niche breadth of high-tech industry competitiveness in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei ranges from 0.26 to 0.83. Among them, Beijing has the widest niche breadth and the strongest industrial competitiveness, while Hebei has the narrowest niche breadth and weak competitiveness.The niche breadth of high-tech industry competitiveness in Beijing and Tianjin showed a decreasing trend as a whole. The niche breadth of Beijing decreased by 0.04, and that of Tianjin decreased by 0.01. The niche breadth of Hebei showed an increasing trend as a whole.

Conclusion and suggestion
According to the above research conclusions, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: First,give full play to the role of the government to promote the sustainable development of high-tech industries in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.The government plays the role of financial support and policy incentives in the development of high-tech industries in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. According to the actual development situation of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the government should formulate different development policies according to local conditions, and increase the support for the development of high-tech industries in terms of talents, technology and funds.
Sceond,seize the opportunity to continuously improve the competitiveness of high-tech industry in Hebei Province. Hebei Province has less investment in R&D researchers and R&D research funds, low level of innovation in the number of effective invention patents and new product sales revenue, and has a lot of room to improve the competitiveness of high-tech industry.