Ecosystem Services From Honey Beees Apis cerana Fabr. In Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Ir. H. Djuanda Dago Expert Bandung Ecology and Economically

Pollination is one of the key components of global biodiversity and is very important for ecosystems in ensuring the maintenance of ecological processes, which are largely responsible for the successful reproduction of native plants. Apis cerana Fabr. including insect pollinators that are widely cultivated in the conservation forest Tahura Ir H Djuanda. Through survey and observation methods, it is known that some plants in Tahura are visited by honey bees, which have great potential for the effectiveness of plant pollination in Tahura. The types of plants visited by honey bees can be classified into agricultural and non-agricultural crops in a radius of 500 meters from Tahura. Based on the data, it is known that honey bees visited non-agricultural plants as many as 39 families and 83 species, while agricultural crops were 6 families and 17 species. So it can be concluded that bees prefer visiting non-agricultural crops rather than agricultural crops in Tahura, therefore the potential for pollination effectiveness by honey bees will be greater in non-agricultural crops such as plants in Tahura to maintain conservation forest biodiversity.


Preliminary
Humans benefit from the many resources and processes that natural ecosystems provide. Collectively, these benefits are known as ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are understood as conditions and processes that exist in natural ecosystems and species that enable them to sustain themselves and fulfill human life [4]; in other words, ecosystem services are a set of ecosystem functions that are useful for humans [8].
In another sense, ecosystem services are goods or services provided by ecosystems for human life [3,10]. For example, the amount of wood extracted from an ecosystem that depends at the request of the local community and the costs incurred in order to firewood can be obtained. The supply of ecosystem services will varying time, actual and potential supply in the future should be included in the valuation of ecosystem services [6].
According to [11], ecosystem services are divided into four categories, namely: 1. supply Services (provisioning): includes the results obtained from ecosystems, such as food (fruits, vegetables, grains), wood and fiber. 2. settings Services (regulating): eg climate arrangement, pollination (pollination), and control of the disease. settings Services including pest control and removal of carcasses 3. Cultural services (cultural) provide recreational services, inspiration for art and music, and spiritual value. 4. Support services (supporting), such as pollination, seed dispersal, purification of water and nutrient cycles, providing an important process for ecological communities and agricultural ecosystems Tahura Djuanda is a conservation forest area with a high wealth of vegetation and various ecosystem services [1,12]. Among the forest ecosystem services provided by honey bees such as pollination services and honey production value.
Honey bees are pollinating insects that are widely cultivated by the people of Tahura Djuanda, namely the Apis cerana Fabr species. Apis cerana is a type of wild bee native to Asia. Current research on bees as honey producers or as pollinators on agricultural land [7,9,13] has not assessed the value of bees in maintaining conservation forest ecosystems such as in Tahura. So a research was carried out with the aim of knowing the value of the ecosystem services of A. cerana honeybees from the bee forage plants and the value of honey production in Tahura Ir. H. Djuanda .

Research methods
The research method used is the method of roaming in the area within Tahura and around Tahura with a radius of 500 meters, structured interviews, and observing bee pollen being brought to the hive.

Time and place
The research was conducted for 3 months from January to March 2019 at Forest Park Raya (TAHURA) Ir H Djuanda Dago Pakar, Bandung.  Fig. 2 , the research location shows three main points of honey bee maintenance, namely Batu Garok (T1 ), deer breeding (T2), and Maribaya (T3). The three of them are the center for A. cerana honey bee cultivation in Tahura, with the number of stups reaching more than 100 per location. The large number of hives indicates that the potential of Tahura as a provider of bee food is quite large, with a fairly high diversity of vegetation. It can be seen from IVI some vegetation in Tahura in Table 1, which also is a bee plant

40.48
Based on Table 1. The vegetation that has the highest IVI value based on the growth rate and habitus in Tahura Djuanda can be seen that those with the highest IVI are the dominant species, namely Pinus with an IVI value of 85.16% and calliandra with an IVI value of 62.78%. Calliandra is the main food crop for honey bees.
In Table 2, it can be seen that at the research location a total of 83 types of forage plants were found in Tahura Fabaceae is the dominant bee food family in Tahura, such as acacia and butterfly flower plants which are a source of nectar and honey bee pollen. Acacia and butterfly flower plants belong to tree habitus, which is found in mixed forest habitats. Butterfly flower plants (Bauchinia purpurea ) are widely planted in utilization blocks and areas near Japanese caves or Dutch caves along pedestrian tracks, this is because these plants have beautiful purple flowers that have aesthetic value for Tahura visitors.

Tabel 3. Forage crops of A. cerana honey bees on agricultural land
Based on the observations in Table 3, 6 families and 17 species of bee food plants were obtained, consisting of Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rosaceae, and Poaceae.
Various studies have shown that pollination services by insects are higher on agricultural land bordering forests and other semi-natural lands compared to land bordering other agricultural lands. [2] found that there was a negative relationship between the diversity and abundance of pollinating insects and the distance from the forest boundary, the farther from the forest the diversity and abundance of pollinating insects was getting smaller.