Agricultural development of the Kurgan region in modern conditions

Russia is one of the main producers of agricultural products, which is determined by the large size of its territory, natural conditions, land suitable for the production of agricultural products and other factors. Agriculture is a significant industry, the development of which is focused on both making a profit and ensuring food and national security. The leaders in the production of agricultural products in Russia are: the Krasnodar Krai, Rostov region, Belgorod region, Voronezh region. The Kurgan region is an industrial and agricultural region, for which agriculture is a system-forming branch of the economy, forming the agroindustrial market, food and economic security of the region. The agricultural degree has a significant impact on the standard of living and well-being of the population of the region: size and structure of food, per capita income, consumption of goods, and social standard of living. The article evaluates the dynamics of agricultural production development in the Kurgan region for 2015-2019. The dynamics of crop acreage, animal population, production of products by categories of farms and their implementation in physical terms are studied.


Introduction
The objective of the work is to identify trends in the development of the agricultural economy of the Kurgan region in modern economic conditions. The agro-industrial complex is the leading sector of the economy of the Ural Federal District and the Kurgan Region. The growth of the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of the Kurgan region is promoted by the state support of import substitution processes in the domestic food market and the promotion of the export of agricultural products [1,2]. The Kurgan region has a great agricultural potential. Availability of land and labor resources available in the region, significant scientific potential, developed transport, engineering and social infrastructure, proximity to major cities (city of Tyumen and city of Yekaterinburg) and the industrial zones of the Urals allow to increase the production of environmentally safe agricultural products in such difficult natural and climatic conditions [3,4]. The agricultural complex of the Kurgan region is the leading sector of the region's economy. It accounts for about 15% of the GRP, and up to 38% of the region's population lives in rural areas. In the agro-industrial complex of the region, there are 229 agricultural farms, 270 food producers, 1186 peasant farm enterprises and 178.7 thousand personal subsidiary plots . The Kurgan region is the most important agricultural region of the UFD. The share of the region in the total volume of agricultural products in Russia as a whole is 0.9%, and the share in the UFD reaches 13.3%. The region specializes in the production of cereals (1.9% of the RF), vegetables (1.4%), potatoes (1.0%), milk (1.1%). The share of these types of agricultural products in the corresponding volumes in the UFD is from 11 to 27%.

Materials and methods
To study the dynamics of agricultural production development in modern conditions, studies were conducted on the example of agricultural organizations in the Kurgan region.
During the processing, studying and analyzing the accumulated materials, various methods of economic analysis were used in the scientific work. The economic and statistical method of research was used to collect and summarize quantitative data and identify patterns of changes in crop acreage, livestock, production and sales of products. The comparison method is used when comparing the indicators of the base year with the reporting year. The method of analysis and synthesis was used in the study of the financial results of agricultural enterprises.
The database for the analysis was the official statistical publications of the Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk region and the Kurgan region https://sverdl.gks.ru/folder/31382?print=1.

Crop acreage
The analysis showed that the main performance indicators of agricultural organizations in the Kurgan region decline, which is confirmed by a reduction in the number of agricultural organizations, the average annual number of employees, and the area of agricultural land.
The Kurgan region has agricultural land with an area of 4.5 million hectares, including arable land -2.3 million hectares, hayfields -510 thousand hectares, pastures -745 thousand hectares, deposit s -456 thousand hectares.
The total area of agricultural land in the Kurgan region over the last five-year period decreased by 17.  (Table 1). Compiled by the authors using https://sverdl.gks.ru/storage/mediabank/00104_2020.pdf -official statistical publications of the Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk region and the Kurgan region The crop acreage by types of agricultural crops in the Kurgan region in 2019 are considered in Table 2. Compiled by the authors using https://sverdl.gks.ru/storage/mediabank/00104_2020.pdf -official statistical publications of the Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk region and the Kurgan region The sown area in 2019 with agricultural crops was 1332.6 thousand hectares, and the largest area of them is occupied by grain and leguminous crops -1061.1 thousand hectares (79.63% of the total sown area). The crop acreage of potatoes in 2019 in all economic entities of the region reached the level of 12.9 thousand hectares (which is 0.97 % of the total sown area). The largest area in the Kurgan region is sown with grain and leguminous crops (1061.10 thousand hectares) , of which 619.6 thousand hectares are agricultural economic entities, and 414.9 thousand hectares are peasant (farm) enterprices.

Animal population
The livestock industry plays a significant role in the life of society, as it performs a large list of diverse functions, providing the population with food, work, and contributes to the socio-economic development of the region [5,6]. The main task of the livestock industry is to ensure the food and economic security of the region and the country as a whole [7]. The volume of production of livestock products is influenced by the number of animals.  Compiled by the authors using https://sverdl.gks.ru/storage/mediabank/00104_2020.pdf -official statistical publications of the Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk region and the Kurgan region In the analyzed period reduction dynamics of animal populations in the region is marked: cattle by 2.9 thousand heads (in 2019, the number of cattle amounted to 120.  In the structure of the pig population, the largest share falls on households of individuals -46.44% of the total number of livestock, agricultural organizations are on the second place -35.96% and peasant farm enterprises are in the third place -18.60%.
More than 90% of the total number of sheeps and goats is in the households of the population.

Production and sale of agricultural products
The Kurgan region is one of the most important agricultural regions of the UFD Region. The share of the Kurgan region in the total cost of agricultural products in Russia was 0.9 %, and the share in the UFD was 13.3 % [8]. Agricultural products of the Kurgan region by categories of farms in value terms are shown in Table 4.  Compiled by the authors using https://sverdl.gks.ru/storage/mediabank/00104_2020.pdf -official statistical publications of the Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk region and the Kurgan region The cost estimation of agricultural products of the Kurgan region for 2015-2019 increased by 11629.5 million rubles and amounted to 46410.0 million rubles in 2019, which is caused by both an increase in crop production and livestock production, respectively, by 9357.7 million rubles and 2271.8 million rubles.
The sale of agricultural products is the final stage of its movement from the producer to the consumer [9,10]. The dynamics of the volume of crop production sales by agricultural organizations of the Kurgan region is considered in Table 5. Compiled by the authors using https://sverdl.gks.ru/storage/mediabank/00104_2020.pdf -official statistical publications of the Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk region and the Kurgan region In the analyzed period, there was an increase in sales of grain in physical terms by 399.1 thousand tons, potatoes -1.8 thousand tons, vegetables -2.5 thousand tons.

Financial results of agricultural organizations
The main purpose of any business entity functioning is to make a profit -a reliable financial source for the well-being of the business entity and its owners [11][12][13]. The financial results of agricultural organizations in the Kurgan region have a negative trend (Table 6). Compiled by the authors using https://sverdl.gks.ru/storage/mediabank/00104_2020.pdf -official statistical publications of the Department of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sverdlovsk region and the Kurgan region In 2015-2019, the dynamics of a decrease was noted in the balanced financial result by 526 million rubles, the amount of profit by 455.6 million rubles. The amount of losses of agricultural farms in the Kurgan region in 2019 amounted to 114.8 million rubles, which is 70.4 million rubles higher than in 2015. Agricultural farms received the maximum amount of profit in 2015 -945.5 million rubles, and the loss in 2017 -279.6 million rubles.

Conclusions
Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that the development of the agricultural economy of the Kurgan region in modern conditions has an ambiguous trend. Thus, in 2017-2019, there was an increase in the cost of agricultural products, both in general and by industry. The negative point is the decrease in crop acreage, the number of pigs, sheeps and goats, grain production in volume terms, and the availability of agricultural machinery in the agricultural sector.