Dominants of investment and innovation policy of ensuring sustainable development of the natural resource potential

. The study presents a comprehensive assessment of the dominants of investment and innovation policy of nature management. The results of expert and integrated assessment of strategic priorities of investment and innovation policy of sustainable development in Ukraine are obtained. The shortcomings and "bottlenecks" are identified, the ways of increasing the efficiency of the current investment and innovation policy, the directions of its adjustment taking into account both internal trends of sustainable development and external trends of environmental management and best practices of European countries are substantiated. A comprehensive assessment of the degree of implementation of the dominants of investment and innovation policy and components through the prism of the Goals and Objectives of Sustainable Development. The diagnostics of the efficiency of the current investment and innovation policy is carried out and the directions of its adjustment to increase the degree of implementation of the key dominants of the investment and innovation policy of sustainable development are substantiated. The article enriches the ongoing scientific discourse on the role of investment and innovation policy of nature resource management in the context of sustainable development.


Introduction
All states, regardless of their natural resource potential and geopolitical location, face the challenges of depletion of limited natural resources and climate change. The response to these challenges requires the development of new methods and techniques that promote sustainable economic growth and are based on ensuring close interaction between the economy, the natural environment and the quality of life of the population. Through this, it is necessary to develop methodological support for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management based on the principles of sustainable development and to conduct on its basis a systematic diagnosis of current trends and problems of investment and innovation support of natural resource management.

Methods
The research is closely related to the institutions of sustainable development, in particular, the program for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals until 2030, proclaimed by the UN General Assembly Resolution No. 70/1 of 25.09.2015 by the Presidential Decree No. 722/2019 of 30.09.2019 [1], the Sustainable Development Strategy of Ukraine until 2030 [2].
The results of the comprehensive evaluation of the dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management proposed by the authors and the results of an expert and integrated evaluation of the strategic priorities of the investment and innovation policy of sustainable development in Ukraine allow us to identify the disadvantages and "narrow" places in the process of its implementation, to substantiate the ways to improve the effectiveness of the current investment and innovation policy of natural resource management, the directions of its adjustment taking into account both internal trends of sustainable development and external trends in rational use of natural resource management and best practices of European states.
The main goal of the study is a comprehensive evaluation of the degree of implementation of the dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management and their components through the prism of the SDGs (Sustainable Developmen Goals) and objectives, measuring the progress of sustainable development of the national economy, as a methodological basis for diagnosing the effectiveness of the current investment and innovation policy of natural resource management and justifying the directions of its adjustment to increase the degree of implementation of the key dominants of investment and innovation policy of sustainable development.

Results and discussion
The current methodology for monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of state regional policy [3], which integrated 61 indicators in 11 areas, provides only 5 indicators for evaluation of the rational use of natural resources and environmental quality, which relate only to the ecological capacity (carbon and waste intensity) of the regional economy. These indicators include, in particular, the volume of emissions of pollutants from stationary sources by 1 billion UAH. GRP, the rate of their growth (decrease) per unit of population, the share of waste removed to specially designated places or objects or burned in the total volume of waste generated, the share of settlements with separate collection of household and similar waste.
At the same time, the section "Investment and innovation development and foreign economic cooperation" does not contain indicators for evaluation of the dynamics of environmentally oriented investments and innovations, the section "Renewable energy and energy efficiency" contains one indicator of the energy efficiency of the regional economy [3][4]. But, external funding sources that come from investment, stimulates the increase of innovative ideas surrounding technological advances while it also holds the potential to decrease unemployment [5] (Table 1).
In the EU countries, a number of environmental indicators are used to evaluate the state of the natural environment and the effectiveness of environmental policies, which are classified according to the scheme of the European Environment [6][7]: where D -driving forces -socio-economic factors that increase or decrease the load on the environmental protection; P -pressure -direct anthropogenic load on the environment, carried out through emissions and discharges of pollutants, the use of natural resources; S -state -current state and trends of environmental protection changes; I -impact -consequences of environmental changes for public health, nature and biodiversity; R -responses -certain actions to solve environmental problems. According to the system of analysis according to methodological scheme (1), socioeconomic development increases the pressure on the environmental protection and, as a result, generates changes in the environment [7,8]. In our opinion, the methodological scheme of the European Environment Agency (1) can be used in the course of the author's methodology for determining the dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management and grouping indicators for a comprehensive evaluation of the degree of their implementation in Ukraine.
The methodological approach to the comprehensive evaluation of the dominants of the investment and innovation policies of the national economy, proposed by the authors, combines the conceptual and methodological basis, the components of which are shown in Table 2-3. An integral part of the methodological approach is the principles of integrated evaluation of the dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management, which include the following (see Fig. 1): 1) consistency and complexity; 2) adequacy and dynamism; 3) objectivity and accuracy; 4) effectiveness; 5) purposefulness; 6) scientific nature. The law "On the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period up to 2030" No. 2697-VII of 28.02.2019 [7] defines five strategic goals aimed at achieving the state environmental policy, namely: formation of environmental values and principles of sustainable consumption and production in society; ensuring sustainable development of the natural resource potential of Ukraine; ensuring the integration of environmental policy into the decision-making process on socio-economic development of Ukraine; reducing environmental risks in order to minimize their impact on ecosystems, socio-economic development and public health; improvement and development of the state system of natural resource management.

Systematic and comprehensive
The assessment of the dominance of IIPNM, as a complex system of goals and objectives of sustainable development, is carried out taking into account all the internal and external links between its elements and their interdependence

Adequacy and dynamism
Correspondence of methods and receptions of an estimation to modern laws of fluidity of processes of reproduction in circulating economy, diagnostics of dominants of IIPNM in constant development of social and economic systems

Objectivity and accuracy
The information base for a comprehensive assessment must be reliable, and its results must be based on accurate analytical calculations

Effectiveness
The results of the assessment of the achievement of the SDG should be of practical importance, serve as an analytical basis for adjusting the dominance of IIPNM, justification of adaptive mechanisms of sustainable development in crisis conditions

Purposefulness
Focus on achieving the main goal of the methodology -a comprehensive assessment of the degree of implementation of the dominants of IIPNM in the coordinates of the Goals and objectives of sustainable development of the state

Scientific
Continuous improvement of methods for diagnosing the dominance of IIPNM and the use of world best practices for assessing the progress of sustainable development Source: Compiled by the authors.  Table 4.  The lowest levels of integral evaluation of the degree of implementation were obtained by the first two dominants focused on investment and innovation support for the rational use of natural resources in the national economy (table 4).
Currently, in Ukraine, the main subject of investment and innovation policy of natural resource management is business entities, primarily the industrial sector, which finance 86.9 % (9.9% more than in 2017) of total expenditures on the environmental protection; the share of other stakeholders decreased from 14.8% to 6.4%. In the course of the study, versatile structural and dynamic changes in environmental investments in the species and sectoral dimensions were identified. In 2018, compared to 2010, the total cost of environmental protection increased by 2.6 times, while the share of capital investments increased from 21% to 29.3%, respectively [9]. Based on a quantitative and qualitative evaluation, experts evaluated the degree of implementation of Dominant 1 as "low", which indicates the investment insecurity of rational natural resource management in Ukraine.
A comprehensive evaluation of the tasks of Dominant 2 identified the multidirectional trends in sustainable development in the innovation direction. On the one hand, there is a positive trend of growth in the number of low-waste technologies implemented in industry (from 23.5% in 2010 to 49.3 %) and an increase in the volume of innovative products sold (by 8% compared to 2015), on the other hand, its share in the volume of industrial products was only 0.8%, which is significantly lower than the target indicator for 2020 (5%). In 2019, the volume of public expenditures on research and innovation in the direction of sustainable development amounted to 1.4 billion UAH (28% of the total amount of public funds allocated for science and innovation). The share of public spending in the priority areas of sustainable development amounts to 6.1% for rational natural resource management, 5.1% for new substances and materials, and 3.1% for energy and energy efficiency. The degree of implementation of Dominant 2 is assessed by experts as "low".
Analyzing the problem areas in the process of implementing the dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management, it is necessary to emphasize the close relationship between different dominants, their components and sustainable development tasks in the system of target priorities [10]. An example of such interdependence of strategic priorities of environmental management policy is the reduction of public spending on research and innovation in the direction of sustainable development (Dominant 2) and the sustainable use of natural resource potential (Dominant 3), the level of waste intensity of the economy (Dominant 4), the state of health of the population (Dominant 5).
It is possible to study the relationship between investment support for innovations (Dominant 2) and environmental aspects of the quality of life of the population (Dominant 5). Despite the growth of the share of public spending on the priority area "Life sciences, new technologies for the prevention and treatment of the most common diseases" (from 8.8% in 2015 to 13.9% in 2019), there is a steady trend towards extremely low funding for some thematic areas, namely: "Genetic and regenerative medicine" (0.1 %), "Immunobiotechnological research on the development of domestic preventive and diagnostic drugs to detect markers of infection with infectious diseases pathogens" (0.1%). In 2019, there was no funding for research in the thematic area "Technology to ensure blood donation in Ukraine and improve its quality" [8]. The degree of implementation of the third dominant of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management "Restoration, sustainable use and protection of components of the natural resource potential of the national economy", which included six components, is estimated as average. At the same time, the lowest degree of implementation was inherent in the dominant component "Sustainable use of energy resources" and task 6.3. "Reducing the volume of untreated wastewater discharge" SDGs 6 ( Table 1). The fourth dominant "Reducing the ecodestructive impact of the socio-economic system on the state of environmental protection" has an average degree of implementation, while the least implemented tasks are in the field of waste management, in particular, their reuse and sufficient investment support for measures in this area. The last dominant "Improving environmental aspects of the quality of life of the population" has the highest degree of implementation and approaches the level of "high average". The problematic tasks in the process of its implementation are to create safe working conditions for all employees, in particular in the field of natural resource management, and improve the health status of the population (Table 1). Based on the obtained results of a comprehensive evaluation of the dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management, the main directions and ways to increase the degree of implementation of the dominant investment and innovation policy of nature management are justified (Fig. 1).  [11,12].
The main direction of increasing the degree of implementation of the first two dominants regarding sufficient investment and innovation support for the rational use of natural resources of the national economy is to increase the volume of state expenditures on research and innovation in the priority areas "Energy efficiency", "Rational use of natural resources", including the thematic area "Technologies for the disposal and removal of PPV", "Life sciences, new technologies for the prevention and treatment of the most common diseases" in terms of innovative development of medicine, as well as the provision of a state order for the most important developments in the direction of sustainable development (Fig.1).
It is also necessary to step up cooperation between representatives of science and state authorities in the course of making managerial decisions and preparing projects of institutes in the direction of sustainable development in Ukraine. That is, the introduction of measures to implement Dominants 1 and 2 through a chain of causal relationships will increase the degree of implementation of other dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management and their components on an innovative basis.
Practice has shown that the movement towards the SDGs is uneven, Ukraine has reached its target values of 2020 for some sustainable development tasks, and some areas have unrealized potential. For example, the potential of energy efficiency, which "can become a real resource for overcoming crisis phenomena, stabilizing and moving to a resource-saving type of economic growth" [13].
The main directions of increasing the degree of implementation of Dominant 4 are to encourage domestic investors to make environmentally oriented investments, primarily in the field of waste management, creating a developed infrastructure for processing household and similar waste (Fig. 1). The National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine until 2030 No. 820-p of 08.11.2017 provides for an increase in the volume of waste sent for processing from 3.04% in 2016 to 50% in 2030, the creation of new capacities for processing secondary raw materials from 65 to 800 units, for composting biological wastefrom 20 to 500 units. It also declared a decrease in the total volume of waste to be disposed of from 50% in 2016 to 35% in 2030, and a decrease in the level of household waste disposal from 95% to 30 % [14].
Among the areas of implementation of Dominant 5, the main place is occupied by the creation of safe working conditions for all employees, including natural resource management, creating new jobs to ensure the inclusive development of the national economy (Fig. 1). Also, a common direction for implementing all target dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management is to ensure intersectoral partnership and attract stakeholders, in particular, representatives of state and local authorities, science, business, the public and society, to plan and implement the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management based on the principles of sustainable development.

Conclusions
The analysis of the current methodological approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of the state regional policy and the implementation of the state environmental policy in Ukraine showed that the composition of indicators for a comprehensive evaluation of the investment and innovation policy of sustainable development is insufficient. Based on the methodological scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental policy and grouping of indicators developed by the European Environment Agency, five dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management were identified, namely: (1) sufficient investment support for the rational use of natural resources of the national economy; (2) investment support for research and innovation in the direction of sustainable development; (3) restoration, sustainable use and protection of components of the natural resource potential of the national economy; (4) reducing the environmentally destructive impact of the socio-economic system on the state of the natural environment; (5) improving environmental aspects of the quality of life of the population. Each dominant needs to introduce appropriate evaluation indicators.
Based on the results of a comprehensive evaluation, the components of the dominant investment and innovation policy of natural resource management and the tasks with the lowest degree of implementation are determined, namely: Dominants 1 and 2, the tasks of improving the energy efficiency of Dominant 3, the tasks of reducing the waste intensity of Dominant 4, the tasks of improving the health status of the population of Dominant 5.
The authors substantiate that the main directions and ways to increase the degree of implementation of the dominant investment and innovation policy of natural resource management, in particular are: (1) growth of public spending on research and innovation in the direction of "Energy and energy efficiency", "Rational use of nature", Renewal of financing of "Life sciences" in the aspect of innovative development of medicine; (2) stimulating business entities to introduce energy-saving technologies, environmentally friendly industries and environmental innovations by reducing the environmental tax rate; (3) Creating a favorable institutional environment for expanded forest reproduction and sustainable development of forestry (4) encouraging domestic investors to make environmentally oriented investments in waste management; (5) developing inter-sectoral partnerships to implement dominant investment and innovation policies for natural resource management. The article proves that in conditions of economic uncertainty, the role of the state as an important subject of investment and innovation policy of natural resource management and regulator of natural resource management and environmental protection processes in Ukraine is growing. At the same time, one of the main conditions for implementing the dominants of the investment and innovation policy of natural resource management is the balancing of compulsory-restrictive and incentive-compensatory regulatory methods based on European practices, which will ensure the effectiveness of the investment and innovation policy of sustainable development in Ukraine.