An association between change in types of roads and cultivated farm area at Agriculture Sector

This study investigates the association between change in types of roads and cultivated farm area at Agriculture Sector. Time series data was used to interrogate the proposition of this paper. The time series annual data from 2000 to 2020 was collected from the Eikon data stream on variables which include change in high type roads & change in low type roads around the farm area and cultivated farm area from of the 12 rural zones of provinces of Sind, Punjab and KPK of Pakistan. Findings confirmed that there is a significant association between increases in low type of roads and cultivates farm area of all selected rural zones of outlined provinces. While there is no significant relationship between the high type roads and the farm area and the cultivated area of stated 12 zones of outlined provinces findings further revealed.


Introduction
Agriculture is the hub of economic activity in Pakistan. It is the basic for economic development and growth of the economy. It directly contributes to gross domestic product and provide employment to the total labor force of the country. Major part of population depends earning of agriculture in many ways, therefore development of agriculture is development of country. The agriculture sector strong linkages with the rest of the economy are not fully captured in the statistics. While on the other hand, the sector is a primary supplier of raw materials to downstream industry, contributing substantially to Pakistan's exports, on the other, it is a large market for industrial products such as fertilizer, pesticides, tractors and agricultural implements. The continous improvement and rehabilization of the existing roads reflects the government's enhanced focus on infrastructure. As a result of an emphasis on high type of roads many low type of roads were converted to high type [1,2].
They are many ways of improving these roads network [3]. Changes in restructuring are connected to make changes and development in reforms. There are weak human rights for those who are demotivated and depart from land farming [4]. Research has been shown in past that how if there are strong developments in roads which are connected to agriculture land may create an effective change at agriculture land. Basically transportation to agriculture land is done through the development of the infrastructure of roads. In the areas benefiting from the road upgrading, the land is more productive, and the volume and value of agricultural produce is higher. As it became easier to ship produce quickly without damaging it, farmers shifted from low to high type [5].
An association between infrastructure and reforms at agriculture sector has a relation and it effect the performance overall. Reforms are taken place at every sector to make the development and changes. Research has shown uptil now that agriculture sector has made many changes and development. In this research, study measured Infrastructure development through low type of and high type of roads and reforms through agriculture development at agriculture land. Infrastructure is connected with reforms of agriculture land. Basically research focused on the difference between cultivated, uncultivated, forest, tenant's cultivated waste area cultivated area which show positive result which means that's there is difference and it's not cover by another area.

Research Method
Time series data was used to interrogate the proposition of this paper. The time series annual data from 2000 to 2020 was collected from the Eikon data stream on variables which include change in high type roads & change in low type roads around the farm area and cultivated farm areas from of the 12 rural zones of provinces of Sind, Punjab and KPK of Pakistan. Further, Pearson correlation test was deployed to evaluate the possible associations of the change in high type roads & change in low type roads around the farm area with cultivated farm areas.

Findings & Results
Findings of this paper reveals that there is a significant association between increases in low type of roads and cultivates farm area as Coefcient of correlation between these two are found 0.605 at P < 0.05. This empirical results explains that if there is one percent positive increase in low type roads around the farm area then the cultivated area will get increased 0.605 percent significantly. Findings further confirms that there is no significant relationship between the high types road around the farm area and the cultivated area as coefficient of correlation are found insignificant i.e. r= 0.406 at P > 0.05.

Discussion & Conclusion
This paper concludes that there is a significant association between increases in low type of roads and cultivates farm area of all selected rural zones of outlined provinces. While there is no relationship between the high type roads and the farm area and the cultivated area of stated 12 zones of outlined provinces. These findings imply that the cultivated farm area or the cultivations on agricultural farm area of relies the most on low type roads and the positive change in low type roads around it rather than the high types roads or an increase in high type roads.