Digital tools for seaports geo-information support while climate change and Covid-19 pandemic

In article, there are presented digital tools development results for geo-information support to seaports activity within Industry 4.0 period, when while climate change and covid-19 pandemic. In study, there are used methods of data bases constructing, web-technologies and virtual reality tools. Also, there are used Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties and risk management. As digital tools, there is proposed to use digital online platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. In study, there are used data bases and tools of geo-information digital online platform EOS, including its Land Viewer product. As study result, there is demonstrated usage of geo-information support system for Russian seaport Ust-Luga. The research results presented in this article has significant scientific novelty and can be useful for private investors, public environmental organizations of the civil sector and state environmental control bodies.


Materials and Methods
In research, we used Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties, risk management approach, methods of data bases constructing, web-technologies and virtual reality tools. Also, we used Internet of things and big data technologies [19,23,39,40]. From the point of view of geo-information management, geo-space is structured to allocate the interconnected components of the solution space [28]. While study, we used data bases and tools of geo-information digital online platform (GIDOP) EOS, including its Land Viewer (LV) product, https://eos.com/lv/, which allows limited open access to operate space images from the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite systems.

Results
As a result of performed using foresight technology research, we put forward the claim that in present conditions of climate change and ɋovid-19 pandemic, it would be advisable to develop seaports infrastructure with the aim of geopolitical risks management because of different sanctions and ecological restrictions in territorial waters of different states. Situation with NordStream-2 marine pipeline can be excellent example. Preference should be given to those seaports, where climate change leads to an improvement in their overall operating conditions, for example, a reduction in the timing of ice risks in their waters. As GISS basement, we propose to use the tools of GIDOP EOS https://eos.com/, including its Land Viewer (LV) product https://eos.com/lv/. As an example, we consider the Russian seaport of Ust-Luga. In figure 1, we show a general view of this seaport location on the Gulf of Finland's map (red rectangle).
Usually, Gulf of Finland are covered with ice for several months in winter. In figure 2, we present a satellite image of the Gulf of Finland on April 4, 1996, visualized with Natural Colors Application of LV product. In figure 2, ice covers near all East Gulf of Finland, including future Ust-Luga seaport waters (red rectangle), the construction of which began in 2000 and continues to this day. In figure 3, we present a satellite image of the East Gulf of Finland on February 6, 2020, visualized with Natural Colors Application of LV product. It is seen, that due to climate change in the East Gulf of Finland, there is a significant terms reduction of ice cover presence in the area of seaport Ust-Luga, which allows to allocate it as a priority object for development of sea port infrastructure of Russia. It is happening now, the Ust-Luga seaport is rapidly developing and it will be expanded to 1,600 hectares by the year of 2025.  Currently, the port is carrying out intensive work on dredging the so-called approach channels and construction alluvial areas in the southern part of the port to the East of the Luga river mouth. The associated negative impact on the environment is the increased turbidity of the waters in the Bay and the violation of the natural habitat of bottom fauna. In figures 4 and 5, we present space images of the Luga Bay with Ust-Luga seaport on 23/09/2020 visualized with Natural Color Application of LV (red rectangular is Ust-Luga seaport area).    We also established that dredging in the southern part of the seaport of Ust-Luga is expected to be carried out until the end of 2020, so increased turbidity in the Luga Bay will be observed further, until the end of these works. Note, discussion of the environmental consequences of the above-mentioned dredging operations in seaport of Ust-Luga is not task of this article.
Proposed here GISS for SPA can be used in educational and training purposes. Note, tasks of training will require a developed learning base within special geo-information systems (GIS) laboratory. It can be undergoing with virtual reality (VR) technologies , that can reduce total cost of learning process.

Discussion
Proposed here GISS for SPA can be used in educational and training purposes. Note, tasks of training will require a developed learning base within special geo-information systems (GIS) laboratory. It can be undergoing with virtual reality (VR) technologies [18]), that can reduce total cost of learning process.

Conclusions
In article, we describe results of digital tools development for geo-information support to SPA. While research, we used Foresight technologies, theory of decision, risk management, methods of data bases constructing, web-technologies and virtual reality tools. As study result, we suggest to use GIDOP EOS, including its LV product, as the main technological tools within GISS for SPA. We demonstrate possibilities of GISS on example for seaport Ust-Luga. As essential result, we propose to use developed GISS as basement for subsequent seaports, including educational and training purposes. The research results presented in this article has significant scientific novelty and can be useful for private investors, public environmental organizations of the civil sector and state environmental control bodies. They can be used in training and educational purposes, including development of Master's programs in environmental economics.