Selection of prosperous varieties of rosehips ( rosa L.) And their seed productivity in Tashkent oasis, Uzbekistan

. Rosehips fruit contains organic and inorganic substances, the most valuable compounds among organic substances are vitamins, which are accumulated in the flesh of the fruit, and they have important physiological effects for living organisms. The obtained experimental data were statistically processed by the method of analysis of variance. Many selected varieties of rosehips were unique not only in the size of the fruit, but also in the high seed yield: an average of 28.7 ± 0.65 pieces in the fruits of “Sijjak-5”, 29.1 ± 0.66 pieces in the fruits of “Sijjak-6”, 33.9 ± 0.93 fruits in “Sijjak-7”, 28.7 ± 0.66 fruits in “Sijjak-15” and 29.3 ± 0.64 fruits in “Burchmullo-18”. Rosehips seeds contain "rosehips oil", which contains 10 mg% carotene, 200 mg% vitamin E, linoleic (56.71%) and oleic (29.32%) acids. “Sijjak-3”, “Sijjak-6”, “Sijjak-12” and “Chimgan-19” were selected as promising varieties, taking into account the valuable economic and biological characteristics of the fruit, such as size, productivity and fertility. Varieties “Parkent-21” and “Parkent-24”, according to the size of fruits and the amount of fruit flesh, whereas Parkent-26, “Kumushkon-29”, “Parkent-23”, “Chimgan-31”, “Koronkul”-32 were classified as promising varieties based on the highest yield.


Introduction
Among vitamin-rich plants, rosehips ranks first in terms of vitamin activity, its fruits contain provitamins, such as V1, R, K, E and A, in addition to the main vitamin C (ascorbic acid) [3][4][5]14]. The natural mountain forests of the republic are rich in medicinal shrubs, among which the fruit of rosehips, the fruit of which is called "natural vitamin concentrate", has a special place. Rosehips fruits contain vitamin C (1-8%), according to which there is no equivalent plant species in the world flora. Of the 17 naturally occurring species of rosehips (Rosa L.) in Uzbekistan, 14 species are found in the Western Tien Shan. Vitamin preparations such as arfazetin, bronchium, carotene, rozanol, kholosas, rosehips syrup, and rosehips balm are produced based on Rosehips fruits [1,2]. They are widely used in the treatment of hemophilia, atherosclerosis and gastrointestinal diseases. Rosehips fruits contain large amounts of trace elements potassium, manganese, calcium and magnesium, the seeds of which are rich in vitamin E "rosehips oil" [1,2]. Rosehips fruit contains organic and inorganic substances, the most valuable compounds among organic substances are vitamins, which are accumulated in the flesh of the fruit, and they have important physiological effects for living organisms. These compounds, which are required in small amounts relative to protein, fat and carbohydrates, enter the enzyme molecule and participate in metabolism in tissues [4][5][6].
Cultivation and selection of rosehips began in the 1940s at the Vorontsov Experimental Station of the All-Russian Research Institute of Vitamins and later continued at the All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Fragrant Plants. Large rosehips plantations established in Russia in the 60s and 70s of the last century were mainly based on seedlings of rosehips species rich in vitamins such as Rosa cinmamomea, Rosa rugosa, Rosa acicularis and Rosa laxa [4,8,9]. The rosehips selection module was firstly developed and tested in the scientific research conducted at All-Union Research Institute of Agroforestry. Accordingly, there are 3 ways to cultivate rosehips on the plantation [3,4]. The first is to establish plantations based on seedlings of high-vitamin rosehips varieties. The second is the selection of large-fruited, varieties rich in vitamins and the selection of varieties with valuable economic and biological characteristics. The third is to apply the interspecific hybridization method towards more productive hybrids in the term of vitamin C content and yield level.

Materials and methods
Selection of promising varieties of rosehips was done in the mountainous villages, such as Sijjak, Nanay, Yakkatut, Burchmulla of Bostanlyk district and Kumushkon, Hisarak, Zarkent (Western Tien-Shan) of Parkent district. Rosehips plantations and partial plantations of rosehips were planted in Burchmulla, Tashkent and in Parkent forest. Evaluation of the selected positive varieties on the basis of valuable economic and biological characteristics was carried out on the basis of a 5-point system in accordance with the requirements of the manual "Program and methods of sorting of fruit, berry and orexoplodovyh cultures" (1999) [4,9]. The size of the fruits of rosehips was determined by the weight of 100 freshly picked fruits and was evaluated as follows: 1 point -very small fruits -weight of 100 fruits up to 200 grams; 2 points -small fruits -210-250g; 3 points -average fruit size -260-300 g; 4 points -large fruits -260-300g; 5 points -the fruits are very large -310 grams and above Rosehips seeds are an important raw material for planting material as well as for the pharmaceutical industry -they provide valuable "rosehips oil". The selected varieties were evaluated as follows: 1 point -very few seeds -the fruit contains up to 10 seeds; 2 points -low-seeded -11-15-seeded; 3 points -average seed -16-20 seeds; 4 points -multi-seeded -21-25 seeded; 5 points -rich in seed -26 and more; Based on the results of the complex assessment of the valuable economic and biological characteristics of the varieties of rosehips, among them the varieties with a value of more than 4 points on the valuable economic and biological characteristics were distinguished as promising varieties [6,7,9]. Field experiments, laboratory analysis and statistical methods were used in the research. The obtained experimental data were statistically processed by the method of analysis of variance, and the smallest significant differences were identified. Analysis of experimental data was carried out based on B. A. Dospekhov's methods [2,3].
Many selected varieties of rosehips were unique not only in the size of the fruit, but also in the high seed yield: an average of 28.7 ± 0.65 pieces in the fruits of "Sijjak-5", 29.1 ± 0.66 pieces in the fruits of "Sijjak-6", 33.9 ± 0.93 fruits in "Sijjak-7", 28.7 ± 0.66 fruits in "Sijjak-15" and 29.3 ± 0.64 fruits in "Burchmullo-18". The fertility of the rosehips fruit was considered a valuable selection trait, and it was taken into account in distinguishing promising varieties. Rosehips seeds contain "rosehips oil", which contains 10 mg% carotene, 200 mg% vitamin E, linoleic (56.71%) and oleic (29.32%) acids. This oil is similar to retail oil in terms of pharmacological activity [3]. Due to the lack of thorns in the generative branches, the Sijjak-6 form was an interesting object for selection purposes. It was noted that the main part of the selected rosehips varieties in the mountain villages of Bostanlik district belong to the species of doubtful rosehips (Rosa ambigua N. Russanov). Seed yield from 1 kg of freshly picked fruits of rosehips was on average 22-35%. This figure was the lowest in Fedchenko's favor -17.4%. The weight of 1000 seeds of rosehips was an individual indicator, large grains were formed in large fruits, and small tetrahedral seeds were formed in small fruits. It was noted that this figure was around 37-68 grams in all selected positive varieties. A brief morphological description of the selected positive shrubs of rosehips in the Western Tien Shan was given below. "Koronkul-1" variety. The height of the bush was 2 m and the average yield was 5 kg. The fruit was cup-shaped, 2.7 ± 0.03 cm long and weighs 4.6 ± 0.07 g. Fruit flesh was made up 73.9% of fruit weight. The fruits were juicy, with an average of 31.4 ± 0.52 seeds per fruit, each weighing 37 grams.
"Sijjak-2" variety. The height of the bush was 2.5 m, and the average yield was 4 kg. The fruit is cup-shaped, the fruit was 3.0 ± 0.03 cm long and weighs 3.7 ± 0.04 g. Fruit flesh was made up 70.0% of the total fruit weight. The fruit contains 24.3 ± 0.99 seeds, the weight of 1000 seeds was 43.5 grams.
"Sijjak-5" variety. The height of the bush was 2.7 m, and the average yield was 3.5 kg. The fruit as elongated, 2.8 ± 0.02 cm long and weighs 4.3 ± 0.08 g. The amount of fruit flesh was 67.4%. The fruits contained 28.7 ± 0.65 seeds, and the weight of 1000 seeds was 48.2 grams (Figure 1).
"Sijjak-6" variety. The shrub height was 2.3, and the average yield was 4 kg. The fruit was elongated, 3.5 ± 0.04 cm long, and weighs 6.4 ± 0.19 g. The flesh content of the fruit was 78.1%.The fruits contained 29.1 ± 0.66 seeds, and the weight of 1000 seeds was 52.7 grams. It was a valuable variety for breeding purposes with no thorns on the fruiting branches (Fig. 2). The fruits were large, cup-shaped, 2.9 ± 0.05 cm long and weigh 4.1 ± 0.10 g. The yield of fruit flesh was 73.1%. The fruit contained 20.0 ± 0.62 seeds. The weight of 1000 seeds was 46.9 grams.
"Nanay-13" variety. The height of the bush was 3 m, and the average yield of the bush was 6 kg. Fruit was cup-shaped, length 2.9 ± 0.03 cm, weight 3.3 ± 0.08 gram. Fruit flesh yield was 75.7%. The fruits contained 16.5 ± 0.46 seeds and the weight of 1000 seeds was 47.3 grams.
"Burchimullo-17" variety. The shrub height was 2.2 m, and the average yield was 4.2 kg. Fruits were elongated with 3.0± 0.04 cm long, and fruit weight was 3.3 ± 0.08 grams. The fruit flesh yield was 67.1%. The fruit contained 20.7 ± 0.40 seeds and the weight of 1000 seeds was 41.1 grams.
"Chimgan-19" variety. The height of the bush was 2.2 m and the average yield was 3.5 kg. The fruits were very large, jugular, and the average length was 3.4 ± 0.06 cm and its weight was 5.6 ± 0.14 grams. The maximum weight of the fruit was around 7-8 g. Fruit flesh was made up 75% of the total fruit weight. The fruit contained 18.7 ± 0.54 seeds. The weight of 1000 seeds was 68.1 grams.
"Parkent-22" variety. The height of the bush was 2.5 m and the average yield was 3.1 kg. The fruits were cup-shaped, arranged in balls on a branch, and the fruit was 3.0 ± 0.03 cm long and its weighs was 3.2 ± 0.05 grams. The yield of fruit flesh was 71.8%. The fruit contains 22.0 ± 0.31 seeds. The weight of 1000 seeds was 43.2 grams.
"Parkent-25" variety. The height of the bush was 2.5 m and the yield was 3.0 kg. The fruit was elongated-oblong with 2.9 ± 0.01 cm long and its weighs was 3.9 ± 0.05 g. The "Hisarak-30" variety. The height of the bush was 3.0 m and the yield was 3.1 kg. The fruit was large, elongated bottle-shaped, 3.1 ± 0.04 cm long and weighing 3.8 ± 0.09 g. Fruit flesh yield was 71.0%. The fruit contains 15.2 ± 0.91 seeds. The weight of 1000 seeds was 51.2 grams. "Sijjak-3", "Sijjak-6", Sijjak-12" and "Chimgan-19" were selected as promising varieties, taking into account the valuable economic and biological characteristics of the fruit, such as size, productivity and fertility. "Parkent-21" and "Parkent-24", "Parkent-26" varieties were unique and promising one due to the size of fruits and amount of fruit flesh. Furthermore, "Parkent-26", "Kumushkon-29", "Parkent-23", "Chimgan-31", "Koronkul-32" were considered as promising form based on their high yield. "Silver-29" belongs to the high-vitamin "Fedchenko" variety, the surface of the fruit was hairless, and so it was a promising form for selection purposes. Fruit flesh of all selected varieties weighted more than 2.0 grams, and fruit flesh made up to 70-80% of the total fruit weight (Tables 1 and 2).

Conclusions
The fertility of the rosehips fruit was considered a valuable selection trait, and it was taken into account in distinguishing promising varieties. Rosehips seeds contain "rosehips oil", which contains 10 mg% carotene, 200 mg% vitamin E, linoleic (56.71%) and oleic (29.32%) acids. This oil is similar to retail oil in terms of pharmacological activity [3]. Due to the lack of thorns in the generative branches, the Sijjak-6 form was an interesting object for selection purposes. It was noted that the main part of the selected rosehips varieties in the mountain villages of Bostanlik district belong to the species of doubtful rosehips (Rosa ambigua N. Russanov) "Sijjak-3", "Sijjak-6", Sijjak-12" and "Chimgan-19" were selected as promising varieties, taking into account the valuable economic and biological characteristics of the fruit, such as size, productivity and fertility. "Parkent-21" and "Parkent-24", "Parkent-26" varieties were unique and promising one due to the size of fruits and amount of fruit flesh. Furthermore, "Parkent-26", "Kumushkon-29", "Parkent-23", "Chimgan-31", "Koronkul-32" were considered as promising form based on their high yield.