Mixed cultivation of legumes and cereals to strengthen the fodder base in cattle husbandry

. In order to further strengthen the fodder base in cattle husbandry, scientists of the Research Institute of Cattle husbandry and Poultry studied the variety of sorghum "Kibray" and oat variety "Uzbekistan broad-leaved" in different options, at different rates, at different times. Variations planted without a two-component mixture were tested in 4 options each. Valuable farm traits, especially green mass yield, were analyzed for each option. The cost-effectiveness of each option was also examined. An effective option for sowing Sorghum without mixing with cereals has been identified.


Introduction
One of the important conditions for the successful development of the livestock sector is the creation of a solid fodder base. In this case, the cost of livestock products is determined by the cost of feed. Proper organization of the fodder base not only develops the industry, but also is the basis for the cultivation of cheap livestock products [1,2].
The areas used for fodder production in the country are limited, and most of the existing areas are saline to varying degrees, water is scarce, which requires efficient use of these lands [1][2][3]. However, the number of livestock in the country is growing every year. Therefore, the effective use of existing opportunities in cattle husbandry, increasing the productivity of fodder crops, the development of technologies to increase the number of feed units per hectare, the creation of new varieties and hybrids, the search for new sources of feed are urgent tasks [3,11,12].
In order to increase the mass per hectare of land, research on the cultivation of sorghum in combination with cereals, the development of technology for growing sorghum in combination with cereals through the study of the most effective option, is one of the most important tasks in strengthening the base [4,6].
A number of research works have been carried out on the cultivation of sorghum in combination with cereals [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In the research of GI Demidas and MV Zakhlebaev on the cultivation of sorghum in combination with annual cereals, the yield was significantly higher than in the cultivation of sorghum in pure form, ie the yield ranged from 3.1 tons/ha to 8.3 tons/ha. Thus, the aim of this research is to conduct research on the cultivation of sorghum in a mixture with cereals in order to increase the mass grown per hectare of land, to study the most effective option to grow sorghum in a mixture with cereals. For this purpose, we aimed to select the most effective option by cultivating the Kibray variety of sorghum with a mixture of oats variety "Uzbekistan broad-leaved" in different options.

Materials and methods
The experiments were conducted on the gray soils of the experimental field of the Research Institute of Cattle husbandry and Poultry. The experimental site is located in the foothills of Kibray district of Tashkent province, 15 km from Tashkent, at an altitude of 400 m above sea level.
The soil of the experimental plot is a typical gray soil with a heavy mechanical composition, which has long been irrigated. According to the results of agrochemical analysis, the amount of humus in the drive part of the soil is 1.02-1.59%. The amount of useful macronutrients in the plowed soil to a depth of 0-30 cm is as follows: total nitrogen content 0.14-0.29%, mobile phosphoric acid (R2O5) -0.31 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium -333 mg/kg.
The color of the driving part of the soil (25-30 cm) is dark grayish-gray, the underlying part of the soil (30-40 cm) is relatively dense yellowish-gray, rain worms are found at a depth of 60-65 cm. The climate of the experimental plot is characterized by hot summers, dry, very cold winters, and relatively rainy spring. The spring evening frost falls on March 25-31, and the autumn frost falls on October 18-25 as well as non-cold days are 190-200 days. The experiments were performed in 4 iterations of Sorghum without a 2-component mixture.

Results and discussion
Oats were studied by sowing in 4 iterations in 3 different options of sorghum. Each option of sowing Sorghum without a mixture of cereals was analyzed on a separate iteration and their average was calculated. Table 1 below shows the yields and yields obtained from the first iteration of the experiments planted with a mixture of oats with oats. It can be seen from the data in the table that the control yield in Kashgar was 318.8 tons/ha when planted separately at the rate of 20 kg/ha. Oat seeds are sown with a mixture of 40 kg/ha with sorghum at a rate of 341.6 tons/ha, at a rate of 60 kg/ha at a rate of 370.4 tons/ha, at a rate of 80 kg/ha at a rate of 415.2 tons/ha. When Sorghum is sown separately, the yield is 318.8 quintals (q)/ha, oat seeds are sown in the norm of 40 kg/ha, + 22.8 q/ha, in the norm of 60 kg/ha +51.6 q/ha, 80 kg/ha when added, an additional yield of + 96.4 q/ha was achieved.  Table 2 shows the yields and yields obtained from the second iteration of experiments in which sorghum was planted in a mixture with cereals. It can be seen from the data in the table that the control yield in Kashgar was 328.4 q/ha when planted separately at the rate of 20 kg/ha. In Kashgar, oat seeds are sown with a mixture of 40 kg/ha at a rate of 347.6 tons/ha, at a rate of 60 kg/ha at a rate of 378.8 tons/ha, at a rate of 80 kg/ha at a rate of 404.8 tons/ha. yielding. When Sorghum is sown separately, the yield is 328.4 q/ha, oat seeds are sown at the rate of + 19.2 q/ha, at the rate of 60 kg/ha at the rate of + 50.4 q/ha, at the rate of 80 kg/ha. when added, an additional yield of + 76.4 q/ha was achieved.  Table 3 shows the yields and yields obtained from the third iteration in experiments planted with a mixture of oats with oats. From the data given in the table, it can be seen that the control yield in Kashgar was 339.6 q/ha when planted separately at the rate of 20 kg/ha. In Kashgar, oat seeds are sown with a mixture of 40 kg/ha at a rate of 345.6 tons/ha, at a rate of 60 kg/ha at a rate of 388.8 tons/ha, at a rate of 80 kg/ha at a rate of 414.4 tons/ha. yielding. When Sorghum is sown separately, the yield is 339.6 tons/ha, oat seeds are 40 kg/ha, + 6.0 tons/ha, 60 kg/ha, + 49.2 tons/ha, 80 kg/ha. when added, an additional yield of + 74.8 q/ha was achieved.   Table 4 shows the yields and yields obtained from the fourth iteration in experiments planted with a mixture of oats with oats. According to the data in the table, the control yield in Kashgar was 349.6 q/ha when planted separately at the rate of 20 kg/ha. In Kashgar, oat seeds are sown with a mixture of 40 kg/ha at a rate of 350.8 tons/ha, at a rate of 60 kg/ha at a rate of 386.4 tons/ha, at a rate of 80 kg/ha at a rate of 424.4 tons/ha. yielding. When Sorghum is sown separately, the yield is 349.6 q/ha, oat seeds are sown with the addition of 40 kg/ha, + 1.2 q/ha, with the addition of 60 kg/ha, + 36.8 q/ha, 80 kg/ha. when added, an additional yield of + 74.8 q/ha was achieved. Each option of sowing sorghum without a mixture with oats was analyzed on separate iterations and their average was calculated. The mean yields at 4 iterations for each variant are given in Table 5 below.
Thus, it can be seen from the table that when sorghum sown separately, 334.1 q/ha, oat seeds are sown in the norm of 346.4 q/ha, in the norm of 60 kg/ha, in the norm of 381.1 q/ha, in the norm of 80 kg/ha, while the yield was 414.7 q/ha.  The cost-effectiveness indicators of growing Sorghum in a mixture with oats were analyzed and are presented in Table 6 below. It can be seen from the data in the table that high efficiency was achieved when oat seeds were sown in a mixture with oats in Sorghum at a rate of 80 kg/ha. In the study, experiments were performed at different times to determine the optimal timing of planting. Thus, the experiments were conducted in 5 iterations, i.e., in 1 iteration in September 1, September 15, September 30, October 15, and October 30, in total 4 iterations.
The yield of green mass when Sorghum is sown at different times without a mixture with oats is given in Table 7 below. From the data given in the table, we can see that Sorghum without oats was sown in early September at 414.4 tons/ha, in mid-September at 410.1 tons/ha, in late September, at the beginning of October at 405.8 tons/ha, in October. The yield was 393.7 q/ha when sown in mid-October and 382.5 q/ha when sown in late October.
During the month of September, i.e. at the beginning, middle and end of the month, there is no significant difference in the yields of blue mass. But since October, we can see that the chart of indicators on green mass yield is declining. This means that this twocomponent compound option should be planted as early as possible in September.