Application of New Energy Logistics Vehicle Based on Urban Distribution

With the development of the Internet era, urban logistics distribution increases. At the same time, the state vigorously promotes the development of the new energy automobile industry and the continuous strengthening of people’s awareness of environmental protection, new energy vehicles began to be favored by logistics enterprises. From the analysis of the national support policy for new energy vehicles, the development of new energy vehicles in recent years and the TCO calculation of their cost advantages, this paper clarifies that new energy vehicles will occupy the mainstream position in urban logistics distribution.


Introduction
From a low -carbon perspective, Through the optimization of urban logistics distribution vehicles, new energy distribution vehicles are introduced to realize lowcarbon environmental protection of urban transportation and the sustainable development of urban logistics industry. The application of new energy logistics vehicle is an important index of green freight demonstration city. New energy logistics vehicles have been used in various subdivisions of urban distribution. Urban distribution is the main scene of the application of new energy logistics vehicle. It has the characteristics of short distance, low speed and low performance, which accords with the current development stage of new energy logistics vehicle. New energy logistics vehicles have been widely used in express delivery, e-commerce, fast retail fresh cold chain logistics and other subdivision areas of urban freight.

Urban logistics and distribution
Under the low-carbon concept, many vehicles adopt renewable clean energy to fully achieve low carbon. In the urban logistics and distribution network, some high pollution, high energy consumption of the number of distribution vehicles more, many distribution vehicles in order to be able to increase the carrying capacity, unreasonable transformation of vehicles, so that there are many types of vehicles. First, the vehicle has limited travel time. Second, in order to be able to complete the intensive distribution tasks, vehicles need a large number of times, high carrying and high-speed driving, load and speed is an important factor affecting vehicle emissions, so that emissions continue to increase. In order to effectively control emissions, reasonable control of vehicle speed and carrying capacity is required.

The national industrial policy promotes the development of new energy logistics vehicles
Local governments promote the development of new energy logistics vehicles according to regional policies. Extension policies are broadly divided into two categories. The first category is to encourage enterprises to replace new energy logistics vehicles through subsidies, road rights and other measures. The second category is to limit the convenience of enterprises to use fuel vehicles by further controlling the road rights of fuel vehicles, new fuel vehicle licences, operating permits, etc. The degree of promotion as shown in Fig. 1

Analysis of the development of new energy vehicles
Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Beijing and other economically developed, better infrastructure of the first-tier cities overall sales are still leading. In 2020, Shenzhen sold more than 10,000 vehicles, the market share of 22.15 percent, Chengdu sales exceeded 5,000 units, the market accounted for 9 percent.
TOP5 cities have sold a total of 27,789 vehicles, accounting for 47.87 percent of the market; TOP10 cities have sold a total of 37,092 vehicles, accounting for 63.90% of the market. The overall sales concentration of new energy logistics vehicles is relatively high, sales figures are shown in Table 1. On the whole, the hot-selling city of new energy logistics vehicles is still the original key city, and the relevant preferential policies is one of the important factors affecting the sales of new energy logistics vehicles.

Cost Advantage Analysis of New Energy Logistics Vehicle
The new energy logistics vehicle basically meets the normal demand of urban logistics. Because of the low cost of use and maintenance, the new energy logistics vehicle has a large cost advantage in theory. By TCO, this part calculates the price orientation of the new energy logistics vehicle without subsidy.

TCO Analysis framework
Freight car TCO cost consists of five parts: purchase cost, use cost, maintenance cost, residual value and opportunity cost. According to the analysis structure of figure 2, the whole life cycle cost (Ct) calculation formula of freight car is as follows: Ct Cb Cu Cm Cs Co ⑴ When the whole life cycle cost of a certain type of truck is the same, the positioning of the initial price of the new energy truck determines its economic advantage.

Basic data determination
(1) Determination of comparative analysis models ICE and BEV versions of the same model: the Jianghuai Junling V6 model with a total quality of 4.5 tons is selected, and the Jianghuai Shuai Ling i5 pure electric model is selected for the EV model.
(2) Acquisition link The vehicle purchase adopts the full purchase method. The TCO economy of new energy trucks and traditional fuel trucks will be calculated in TCO analysis under the condition of full subsidy withdrawal. New energy vehicles can still enjoy purchase tax exemption and exemption from vehicle and ship tax. The cost of the purchase link is calculated as shown in Table 2.
•In addition to giving preferential access to new energy vehicles, a small number of cities, such as Shenzhen, Wuhan and Anyang, have also introduced local operating subsidies to encourage logistics enterprises to use and operate new energy logistics vehicles.

Right of way + Subsidy
• Most cities encourage companies to use new energy vehicles and limit fuel vehicles through preferential road rights policies.  (3) Use links The main cost difference of the use link is fuel cost. Diesel price 0 selected the average price of 6.40 yuan per liter in all provinces of the country, charging electricity is 0.9 yuan per kWh.

Road
According to Jianghuai automobile after-sales service policy, the quality guarantee period of key system of new energy vehicle is 5 years. New energy truck maintenance is relatively simple, each time only the battery, circuit systems and connectors for inspection and maintenance. All vehicles are subject to regular maintenance. It is set that traditional fuel vehicles shall be maintained strictly every 5000km (replacement and maintenance of oil, engine filter, air filter, etc.). Pure electric vehicles shall regularly maintain batteries, circuits, connectors, etc. Total use link costing is shown in Table 3, and the three-electric cost forecast for new energy trucks is shown in Figure 3. Second, calculate the average life cycle by mileage, the average daily mileage of logistics vehicles is 100~200 k m, and the scrap mileage of operating vehicles is 600000 km. Therefore, battery life = scrap mileage ÷365 days, that is ,6000000÷200÷365=8.22 years. The lowest value of the two methods is shown here for 7 years (rounded).

TCO Results calculated
In order to compare the value of funds in different periods, only by converting them into the present value (that is, the value of 0 years in the initial year) can the funds in different periods have a common starting point and be comparable. The following formula is used: Note: the i A is the annual TCO, n is the year, the i is the annual interest rate of 3%.
The service life of the ICE is 10 years and the service life of the BEV is 7 years. Through formula calculation, the average annual TCO of BEV is 70600 yuan, which has more cost advantage than that of ICE 77700 yuan.

Summary
With the strengthening of environmental awareness and the progress of information technology, developing Green Logistics is an inevitable trend, green, science and technology are important characteristics of logistics development in the future. The promotion and application of new energy logistics vehicles will become one of the important ways to develop green logistics. The new energy logistics vehicle not only has the green environmental protection characteristic, meets the overall requirements of developing green logistics, but also has a higher level of intelligence. Putting new energy logistics