Issues of assessment of the surface area effect on irrigated water consumption

This article focuses on improving water-saving technologies for efficient use of water resources, the development and recommendation of modern irrigation methods, and assessing the impact of surface area on irrigation water consumption.


Methods
There must be a leveled area for crops with irrigated fields so that the markings do not exceed ± 2 -3 cm. For crops that are irrigated by barking or licking (chopped, cereal, grass), the slope of the same slope is required. To determine the effect of surface area on irrigated water consumption, the work is performed as follows: The surface area with an actual deviation of ± 3 cm, ± 5 cm, ± 10 cm from the project surface is prepared to obtain comparable final results. On these prepared sections, the area is divided into 20x20 m squares. Geodetic mapping is carried out on the surface of the area on tops of 20x20 m [6][7][8]. The quality control of the works will be carried out after the leveling works are completed, and the leveling is completed. After that, agrotechnical measures, such as furrow removal, planting, etc., are performed. To determine the level of surface area for irrigated water consumption, all three prepared sections are given the same amount of water with different deviations from the project surface to actual surfaces, and the amount of water provided is measured using a water consumption meter.
To determine the uniformity and degree of moisture content, 3 samples are taken from one location along the fence at 10-20 m steps. The distance between the furrows depends on the type of soil, and the location of the drainage in the area from 36 to 54 meters, and the soil sample is taken from a depth of 0.15, 30, 45, 60 cm. then a ground sample is extracted using a hand-operated drill equipped with a grounding receiver.
Each ground sample is placed in a box, weighed on the spot, and the information obtained is recorded in the field log, indicating the order number. The generally accepted methodology determines soil moisture content in the laboratory (drying at 105 0 C, weight measurement, humidity calculation). To objectively assess the effect of surface area on irrigated water consumption, an analytical calculation of moisture content, degree, and distance distribution is performed [9][10][11][12].
The average moisture content of longitudinal markings (straight line) at the same depth is calculated by the following formula: (1) where ср.с ℎ is mean moisture content of markings (straight line) at a certain depth, h,%; is measured humidity at a given depth,%; n is the number of points where humidity is measured.
The average moisture content in each soil layer is calculated by the following formula: where ср.у ℎ is average moisture content at depth h,%; ср. is humidity, measured by longitudinal markings (straight line),%; m is the number of average magnitudes measured.
The relative magnitude of the minimum and maximum moisture deflections for each mark (line) and for each depth is calculated by the following formula: ∆ р.у ℎ is relative magnitude of the deviation of a certain humidity; мин(макс) ℎ are minimum and maximum values of moisture measured at a specified depth, %.
Estimation of uniform soil moisture content is carried out by comparing average moisture content and their relative deviation. Assessment of moderate soil moisture content on the irrigated site is carried out by categories related to the limited field moisture capacity (LFMC). Table 1 presents the values of limited field moisture capacity (LFMC) for specific soils. If the actual soil moisture content (ASMC) is within the range of about 5% and the maximum field depth limit does not exceed 0.7, the normal soil moisture content is excellent.
Analytically, this condition can be expressed as follows: actual = (1-0.80) max (9) where max is closed field moisture capacity; actual is actual soil moisture content in% of dry soil weight. If the actual soil moisture content is within 10% of the LFMC, moderate soil moisture is considered good.
If the actual soil moisture content is within 20% of the LFMC, the moderate soil moisture content is considered satisfactory.
If the actual soil moisture content is within 30% of the LFMC, the normal soil moisture is considered to be poor.
It is considered inadmissible if the actual soil moisture content is more than 30% above LFMC.
Comparing the sample size along the Eatat, we conclude that the soil has been consistently linear. Comparing the sample sizes for all linear signs (furrows), it is concluded that the soil is uniformly moist [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. At each depth point on the plane, comparing soil moisture, we conclude that the soil moisture content and moisture level are reached. A table is drawn up for various irrigation methods that use the UC as an indicator to determine the dependence of irrigated water consumption on the level of leveling [15][16][17][18][19][20].
This connection is illustrated graphically to illustrate this (figure 1).

Results and Discussion
Technology that allows the density of the furrows to vary in length and depth, even when the surface of the irrigated area is uneven, with its automated work equipment, allows for the precise image of the longitudinal cross-section of the furrow. Uneven compression of soil beneath the bottom of the furrow, that is, elimination of uneven moistening of the rootstratified soil layer due to the maximum and minimum tension at the beginning of the furrow. The proposed technology can be put into production in the early years of development.

Conclusions
The proposed and developed technology equipment will be used for automated control systems, which will help to reduce water consumption during crop production on irrigated fields, ensure sustainable development of crops and efficient crop production.