Plant for cleaning oils from oxidation products

The study aims to substantiate the parameters and operating mode of the oil purification device from oxidation products to improve the efficiency of the use of lubricants. The methods of mathematical analysis and mathematical statistics, comparative comparison, generalization, and testing methods of agricultural machinery are used in the research process. It is established that engine oils are intensively polluted by oxidation products during processing, thereby accelerating the friction process due to the overload of tractor engines. During the performance of agricultural work in the oil composition, the content of oxidation products in the form of carbon, carbon dioxide, and asphalt products increases by 1.2%. Analytical coupling dependences for the process of cleaning motor oils from oxidizing products are obtained, and the dependence of the cleaning efficiency on the device parameters is established. The developed device consists of a container for collecting oils, a steam generator, a container for a sump mixer, a separate container for pure and sedimentary oils, and a vessel for re-collecting acetone. An installation has been developed to implement the technology of collecting and renewing oils in the conditions of the farm. In this case, the amount of contamination and the composition of oils is determined, and the operating mode of the device is selected for their resumption.


Introduction
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, targeted research works are being carried out aimed at creating energy-saving technical means for tillage , sowing [22][23], harvesting [24], and processing [25] of agricultural crops. The main goal of the development of energysaving technical means is to reduce the cost of fuel and lubricants. The yield and cost of production in agriculture largely depend on the consumption and timely provision of fuel and lubricants to tractors and other means. Due to the lack of fuel and lubricants in agriculture, the deadlines for work are violated [26][27].
The devices created as a result of these studies are used in agriculture, and in this direction, positive results have been achieved to a certain extent. However, in these studies mentioned above, the tasks of developing a device that completely cleans used oils and justifying the parameters of working parts that ensure its high quality are not sufficiently studied.

Methods
As an alternative, a device based on a selective method for removing motor oils from oxidation products and the principle of its operation is provided [40]. General view of the stand for cleaning motor oils from oxidation products: 1 is tank; 2 is mixer-sump; 3 is engine; 4 is viewing window; 5 and 7 are cranes; 6 and 8 are containers for collecting contaminated and purified oil; 9 and 13 are taps; 10 and 14 are containers for evaporating solvent; 11 and 15 are evaporator plates with electric heating; 12 and 16 are spirals; 17 and 19 are taps; 18 and 20 are containers for collecting contaminated and purified oil; 21 is refrigerator; 22 is condensate; 23 is tap; 24 is pump.
The installation works in the following order: the waste oil is poured into the container together with the acetone solvent. The solution in the container is mixed with a propeller mixer for 12 minutes, then settled for 23 minutes. Then, based on the testimony of the viewing window with cranes is divided into tanks cleaned and dirty oils through evaporation dishes is evaporated acetone, and then divided into the tank cleaned and the dirty oils.
Laboratory and operational studies carried out with the help of the proposed installation showed a change in the oil properties when using selective solvents.
Prepare a cleaning agent for the oxidizing products of oils used for containers, mixers, disintegrating devices, and containers for purified oils and solvents for mixing with an oilsoluble compound.

Results and Discussion
To assess the degree of purification, an analysis of the properties of the engine oil was used. The results of the selective deletion process are shown below. It has been shown that in oil purification studies, when the mixture temperature is 180C, the effectiveness of acetone and a variety of engine oils is improved by increasing the acetone content in the oil. The maximum cleaning efficiency is expected to be 35-40 minutes for the mixture. If the ratio of acetone to oil is 80%, 60%, and 40%, cooling can be achieved within 35 minutes. Also, cooling can be achieved within 40 minutes if the ratio of acetone to oil is 80%, 60%, and 40%.

Fig. 2.
Graphs of the lubrication efficiency (T = 27°C) as a function of the settling time at different ratios of acetone and oil: 1-acetone 80%+oil 20%, 2-acetone 60%+oil 40%, 3-acetone 50%+oil 50%, 4-acetone 40%+oil 60%, 5-acetone 20%+oil 80% Studies on the cooling of oils used in different proportions of acetone and engine oil when heating the mixture at a temperature of 27 ° C have shown that the efficiency of oil purification improves with the percentage of acetone in the oil. If the ratio of acetone to oil is 80%, 60%, and 40%, cooling can be achieved within 25 minutes. Cooling can be achieved within 30 minutes if the ratio of acetone to oil is 80%, 60%, and 40%.
The maximum cleaning effect is 20-25 minutes of cooling if the mixture's temperature is 50 ° C. Also, cooling can be achieved within 20 minutes if the ratio of acetone to oil is 80%, 60%, and 40%.
Except for the transparency of the purified oil, all indicators meet the requirements. One of the main reasons for the low transparency of the cooled refined oils is the difficulty of separating the strongly bound organic matter in the oil. It is advisable to mix it with a longlasting solvent to remove all organic matter from the oil. According to many scientists, this indicator does not significantly affect the process of engine friction. Indicators for comparing the physical and chemical properties of the used and purified oils are shown in Table 1. The data are given in Table 1 confirm the influence of the engine oil cleaner. According to our research, the indicators of the purified oil are close to GOST. The best chromaticity result for oils (P = 2.4) was at a temperature of 50°C, a cooling time of 60 minutes and a mixture ratio reduced to 50: 50, and the contamination concentration was 0.22%.
With a high concentration of mechanical compositions, the color of the oil disappears as the oil temperature increases. From a physical point of view, this can be explained by the fact that when the temperature of the solution increases, the light fractions of acetone evaporate, which, in turn, reduces the capacity of the acetone resin.
An increase in temperature has a positive effect on cooling. At T=50 ° C, when the cooling time is 23 minutes, and the concentration of mechanical mixtures is 50:50, and the ratio X=0.08-0.15%, the oil color P=2.4. Thus, high chrome is obtained in the following operating modes:  mixture ratio -by volume 50:50;  Oil temperature 50 0 С;  settling time 23 minutes;  concentration of mechanical mixtures 0.08-0.15%. Performance testing of oxidation products used motor oil, developed by the author with oil purifier brands ITAC (PWAM)-100 was conducted at agricultural enterprises yukori Chirchik district of Tashkent region following the methodology set out in Chapter 3. The purpose of the performance test was to establish the operational life of the device. At the same time, the filters were periodically regenerated and re-tested after each resource cycle. The content of organic contamination was determined by the color and acid content. Studies have shown that the mass contamination of refined oil decreased by about 3-4 times the amount of pollutants in the oil sample. The experimental results of the operating mode of the device are shown in Table 2. For the experiments, 1.2 percent oil was selected, which contains most of the organic ingredients. In this case, the flash point was 165°C, and the kinematic viscosity was: 6.82 mm2/s at 100°C. As shown in Table 3, the refined oil parameters meet the standard requirements. The test of engine oils from oxidation products was carried out on the D-243 engine of the tractor TTZ-811. Experience has shown that the change in the content of butyric acids in engine oils used in the process of cleaning engine oil during 250 moto-hours practically does not differ from the content of alkaline oil, and their resource is 82%.

Conclusions
1. It is established that engine oils are intensively polluted by oxidation products during processing, thereby accelerating the friction process. Due to the overload of tractor engines, during agricultural work, the content of oxidation products in the form of carbon carbene, carboid, and asphalt products in the oil composition increases by 1.2%.
2. Analytical coupling dependences for the process of cleaning motor oils from oxidizing products are obtained, and the dependence of the cleaning efficiency on the device parameters is established. The developed device consists of a container for collecting oils, a steam generator, a container for a sump mixer, a separate container for pure and sedimentary oils, and a vessel for re-collecting acetone.
3. An installation has been developed to implement the technology of collecting and renewing oils in the conditions of the farm. In this case, the amount of contamination and the composition of oils is determined, and the operating mode of the device is selected for their resumption. of broach-plow's parameters of the