Traction resistance of a ripper with a current distribution line

The pipeline distributor carries out deep loosening of the soil and three-tier fertilization. The study aims to determine the traction resistance of the working body of the ripper with a distribution pipe. The study uses the basic provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and agricultural mechanics. The method of calculating the traction resistance of the cultivator-fertilizer equipped with pipelines-distributors for three-tier fertilization is presented. The components of the balance of traction resistance are determined. Analytical dependencies are obtained for determining the traction resistance of the working body of the ripper with a distribution pipe. It has been established that the traction of the ripper working body with the fertilizer distributor depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the blade thickness and length of the chisel blade, the length of the working surface of the share, the angle of crumbling and the solution of the share, the width of the working body and the speed of movement. The traction resistance of the pipeline is 12-12.5% of the traction resistance of the rack and 4-5% of the total traction resistance of the ripper working body.

Technologies and technical means for applying mineral fertilizers to the development layer of the root system of plants are some of the important issues in the production of agricultural crops. Also, one of the important tasks in agriculture is the development of technical means for the formation of ridges with the simultaneous introduction of mineral fertilizers in the zone of development of the root system of plants [8,24]. In agricultural production, special attention is paid to reducing labor and energy costs, saving resources based on advanced technologies, and developing high-performance agricultural machines [8,[24][25][26].
The advanced farms of the republic have long proved the possibility of obtaining high *Corresponding author: botirov1972@inbox.ru and sustainable cotton yields with the systematic and correct use of mineral and organic fertilizers against the background of high agricultural technology. Effective use of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers from year to year is achieved in compliance with scientifically-based terms and norms of fertilizer application for certain soil and climatic conditions of cotton-growing areas.
In the proposed technology, the soil is first loosened along the sowing line to a depth of up to 35 cm with rippers equipped with distribution pipes, and fertilizers are applied in three tiers at a time: to a depth of 16-18 cm, 28-30 cm and 40-45 cm. Then ridges are formed along the fertilizer application line [28]. This technology is carried out in the fall on a prepared field for the formation of ridges: after harvesting cotton stalks, plowing with two-tier plows to a depth of 35-40 cm or plowing to a depth of 30 cm with soil deepening by 10-15 cm, chiseling, and harrowing. The process of operation of the combined unit is as follows: first, the ripper loosens the soil to a depth of 30-35 cm. Simultaneously loosening tool provider mounted on the rear of the rack cultivator, fertilizer is made in three layers. Then the comb makers form ridges along the fertilizer application line [8].
The proposed technology provides for the tiered application of mineral fertilizers for cotton seeds, i.e., 100% of their placement in the zone of distribution of the plant's root system with the simultaneous formation of ridges.

Methods
The main provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and agricultural mechanics are used in the study. To ensure this technology, we have developed an experimental ripperfertilizer equipped with distribution lines for three-tier fertilizer application with a row spacing of 90 cm [24]. The current distribution line of the ripper-fertilizer consists of a cylindrical part 1, to which the tool provider from the weighty apparatus is connected, an inclined funnel-shaped part 2, a concentrating flow of fertilizers, and a nutritionist channel 3 (Figure 1).
At the back of the current-carrying channel, two pipes 4 and 5 are installed in the form of a tray at an angle, providing free movement of granular fertilizers. Inside each branch pipe, movable reflective plates 6 and 7 are installed, which cut the fertilizers moving along the tool-conducting channel into parts, followed by their direction to the corresponding soil horizon. The reflective plates of the conductive channel do not completely block it, so some of the fertilizers enter the lower distributor of 8 [25][26][27].
It is known that the current line of the ripper-fertilizer must meet the following basic requirements: have a convenient layout behind the ripper working body of the ripper, ensure high-quality distribution of mineral fertilizers at specified depths [27].

Results and Discussion
The traction resistance of the ripper depends on the parameters of its elements and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The traction resistance of the ripper consists of the resistances of the bit, the ploughshare, and the rack with the tool provider where P d , P l, and Р st is respectively traction resistance of the bit, shield, and stands with tool provider.
The bit resistance can be determined from the following expression [29] ); 100 1 )]( cos where σ 0 is a temporary soil resistance to crushing blade chisels, Pa; δ is the thickness of the blade, m; b d is width chisels, m; β f is angle sharpening chisels, α d is installation angle of the bit to the horizon, α d  is angle to the longitudinal shearing of the soil deg; f is coefficient of friction of the soil on metal; γ is the soil density, kg/m3; W is soil moisture, %; τ is the ratio of pure shear; K is coefficient that takes into account the collapse of the peaks shift of the layer K =0,5; V is the speed of the cultivator, m/s. The resistance of the ploughshare consists of the following components where Р s is the resistance due to the deformation of the soil; Р p is the resistance due to the mass of the soil layer; р v is the resistance due to the inertia force of the soil layer.
The forces expended on the deformation of the soil by the ploughshare are determined by projecting the forces S and T on the X-axis, where S is the shear force of the soil; T is the friction force arising from the force S [30].
  ) cos sin )(cos sin( sin cos 2 where F s is the area of soil cleavage, m 2 .
The force P p of the reservoir weight is determined using the equation derived by G.Sineokov [29] where m is the mass of the soil on the ploughshare, kg; where l is the length of the working surface of the ploughshare, cm; F 1 is the crosssectional area of the treated part of the formation, m 2 .
где  is soil external friction angle, °C.
Taking into account the expressions defining m, the formula (7) will take the following form The soil resistance associated with the change in the velocity of the formation movement on the working surface of the ploughshare is determined similarly to the equation of G. Sineokov [28]   where  is the corner of the crumbling of the blade, hail;  is angle solution paws deg; f is coefficient of friction of the soil on the working surface of the blade; V is velocity of the blade, m/s;  is density of topsoil, kg/m 3 .
Substituting the values found in formula (3) (11) Analysis of equation (11) shows that with the increase in the area of soil loosening, the traction resistance of the blade increases, it also depends on the settings blade (width b l , angles of the solution and crumbling, the depth of a turn, the speed of movement V) and physico-mechanical properties of the soil. To simplify the formula (11), we introduce the following:   ) cos sin )(cos sin( sin cos Finally, we get   Substituting in the formula (15) the values of K с =3270 Pa, a=0.35 m, =20º, f=0.5 [26], we plot the change in the traction resistance of the soil from the width of the ploughshare. When the width of the ploughshare is reduced from 50 cm to 30 cm, the traction resistance of the ploughshare is reduced by 2.3 kN or by 24.8 %. This allows you to aggregate the ripper-fertilizer with a Class 4 tractor. To determine the traction resistance of the rack with the current line, consider the interaction of the soil with the rack and the current line in the cross-section of the horizontal plane ( Figure 2). On the frontal and side surfaces of the rack and the current line, when moving, there is a normal force T y , which causes a friction force T y . Projecting all the forces on the X-axis, we determine the traction resistance of the rack with the current line, which arises from the movement of the soil.
After the transformations, we get where N 1 is the force acting on the tapered face of the rack, N;  1 is wedge angle, deg; N 1 1 , N 2 1 are forces acting on a flat cheek rack and tool provider-rail, N. To determine the normal pressure N i on the frontal surface of the rack, we use the formula proposed by V.Levenets [28]. Dynamic and static forces act on the pointed face of the rack, which is determined by the following formulas where  is soil density, kg/m3; l st is taper length of the strut, m;  1 is angle of repose of the soil, degree;  1 is angle of internal friction of the soil, grad.
On the flat face of the rack with tool provider valid static power, which is determined by the formula   Taking into account the values of the forces N 1 , N 1 1, Total tractive resistance of the cultivator with tool provider allocator will be equal to  and P=5.61 kN. These dependencies can be used to determine the traction resistance at various parameters of the working body of the ripper, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, and the speed of movement.

Conclusions
1. Analytical dependences for determining the traction resistance of the working body of a ripper with a tool provider-distributor are obtained. It is established that the traction of the working body of the cultivator with tool provider allocator depends on the physic mechanical properties of the soil, thickness of the blade and the blade length of the bit length of the working surface of the blade, the angle of chopping and solution of the blade, width of capture and speed. 2. It is established that the traction resistance of the current line is 12-12.5% of the traction resistance of the rack and 4-5 % of the total traction resistance of the working body of the ripper.