Optimization of the dimensional parameters of the working body for compaction temporary sprinkler dams

. The article presents the results of research work to optimize the working dimensions of the sealing working bodies of the dammer. A ski-shaped sealing sheet and a cone roller are used as working elements to seal the outer and inner parts of the temporary sprinkler dam. The sealing sheet of the sliding working body compresses, thanks to the presence of the inclined cheek SH and eliminates the restoration of compacted soil with the EC section. When the sealing sheet moves along the surface of the dam slope, it is immersed under the action of its own weight or the pressure force of the additional loader (spring) by the value h l , the soil layer with the thickness h l is pressed into the body of the dam. In this case, the nature of the impact of the compacting cheek of the face on the lump of soil depends on the value of the angle αl of its inclination to the horizon and the speed of movement. To seal the outer part of the dam, take a cone roller as a working body. To substantiate the parameters of the conical working body, conical working elements were manufactured with a change in the large diameter of the truncated cone and different sizes of sealing sheets. During operation, the roller rotates on its axis with sliding and has no torque on the shaft. To find out the effect of sliding on the value of the longitudinal movement of the compacted soil particles on the surface of the dam, the nature of the effect of the base of the conical part of the roller on them is graphically considered.


Introduction
It is known that until now, the main irrigation method for agricultural crops is the furrow irrigation method. To supply water from a permanent canal to irrigation furrows, temporary irrigation canals are cut using trenchers [7]. The density of the dam of a temporary sprinkler plays a role in the production of irrigation works. The soil density of a dam to a certain extent indicates its water-holding capacity. The higher the density of the dam soil, the less erosion.
The dams formed by existing trenchers are often washed away by water when temporary sprinklers are cut. The reason is the insufficient density of the dam soil; then, naturally, there is a need to increase it by compaction [8,9].
The aim of the study is to study the process of filtration (erosion) of water depending on the soil compaction of the dam of a temporary sprinkler.

Materials and Methods
Analysis of theoretical prerequisites for the excavation of temporary irrigation ditches by existing canal diggers and the degree of dam compaction to reduce the soil filtration coefficient of irrigation dikes [5,10,11].
Previously, studies were carried out to justify the parameters of the seal. However, their application in production experiments did not give the corresponding result.
Theoretical studies for calculating the main parameters of the channel cut by the canal diggers and the dampener are carried out using the general laws of mechanics [2,4].
Experimental studies have shown that the condition of the dam soil, characterized by a density of 1.5 g/cm 3 , does not allow its erosion (Table 1). Therefore, this state can be considered the lower limit of compaction, and in the future, when compaction of the bound soil of the dam, it is necessary to achieve these density values. In this case, the dam's height naturally decreases, and its value should provide the command water level [6,8]. In addition, it turned out that basically, the inner half of the dam should be compacted to a greater extent than the outer (outer) part of it. If the inner half of the dam is compacted more than 1.8 g / cm 3 , it is possible to leave the outer half unconsolidated.
Since mechanizing the sealing of dams of temporary irrigation ditches has not yet been resolved, work on sealing dams of temporary irrigation ditches is performed mainly manually.
Observations have confirmed that to ensure the specified irrigation rates and the command level, the height of the dams is necessary, and the existing canal diggers provide by increasing the depth of the temporary sprinkler, the level for which is located relative to the bottom of the irrigation furrows below 0.08 ... 0.24 m. After the cessation of irrigation, part of the water remains, this is a net loss and negatively affects the quality of inter-row treatments [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].
To create a command level of water in a temporary sprinkler, it must be 5 ... 10 cm higher from the field surface. Then the normal mode of irrigation along the furrows will be ensured. Based on this, the required height of the dam for a temporary sprinkler should be at least 10 ... 15 cm from the surface of the field, to prevent water overflow through the dams, since insufficient height of the dam can lead to: -overflow of water over the upper edge of the dam, resulting in erosion of the dam; -an increase in labor costs and a decrease in the productivity of irrigators.
Therefore, the compaction of the soil of the dam of temporary irrigation ditches by an external force is the most active way of bringing particles closer together.
Proceeding from this, the density of temporary sprinkler dams plays a significant role in the production of irrigation works and shows its water-holding capacity. There are different ways to increase density [12,13]. 1. 1.sealing; 2. the addition of sand or binders; 3. reducing the size of the fraction and others. It should be noted that earlier studies were carried out aimed at substantiating the parameters of the compactor of soil rollers cut during leaching and watering of saline soils. The use of this compactor for sealing dams of temporary sprinklers did not give the desired result without changing and justifying its main parameters.
It is known that compactors with sliding, rolling, and vibrating working bodies are used for soil and soil compaction [14].
Let us consider the technological process of operation of each type of sealing device from the point of view of soil compaction without protruding it onto the dams' surface, without their longitudinal and transverse movement. The sealing sheet of the sliding working body (Figure 1) produces compaction due to the inclined cheek SH and eliminates the restoration of compacted soil with the EC section. When the sealing sheet moves along the surface of the dam slope, it is immersed under the action of its own weight or the pressure force of the additional loader (spring) by the value h l , the soil layer with a thickness h l is pressed into the body of the dam. In this case, the nature of the impact of the compacting cheek of the face on the lump of soil depends on the value of the angle α l of its inclination to the horizon and the speed of movement. [15].
A condition under which the soil of the dam is compacted with a sheet without shifting the soil particles in the direction of travel. Since only under this condition, there is no bulging, which causes the shedding of soil particles to the bottom of the channel.
Compaction without shedding the soil to the bottom of the channel is achieved when the angle formed by the vector of the velocity of movement of the compaction surface and the vector of normal pressure is less than the angle of external friction of the soil, at which the bulging is completely eliminated. This is facilitated by the ski-shaped outer sealing part of the damper compactor, which helps to retain the soil after it leaves the ditch dump.
To substantiate the parameters, skis were made with different length and width, which are shown in (Figure 2). To seal the outer part of the dam, take a cone roller as a working body. To substantiate the parameters of the conical working body, conical working elements were made with a change in the large diameter of the truncated cone, which is shown in (Figure 3).

Fig. 3. Diagram of a conical working element
R o is a large radius of a truncated cone, r o is a small radius of a truncated cone, h is the height of the cone, l is the width of the sweep of the cone, L is the radius of rounding of the sweep of the cone. During operation, the tapered roller rotates on its own axis with a slip characteristic of passive compacting rollers, i.e., having no torque on the shaft. To find out the effect of sliding on the value of the longitudinal movement of the compacted soil particles on the surface of the dam, we will graphically consider the nature of the effect of the base of the conical part of the roller on them. Suppose a tapered roller is sliding ( Figure  2) [15][16][17][18][19][20].
Expanding the force of normal pressure into the components and , we can assume the following if: 1.       tg tg  (7) This means that the angle of the advance of the compaction is equal to the angle of immersion of the roller base. Therefore, according to equation (6), the greater the angle of immersion of the conical base of the roller, the greater the angle of the advance of the compaction:  (11) Substituting the values of the found quantities into formula (6) and after a series of transformations, we get:

Results and Discussion
From expression (13), it follows that with an increase in the depth (hm) of immersion of the small base of the roller, the angle of the advance of the compaction decreases, and with an increase in the depth (h) of immersion of the large base of the roller, it increases. With an increase in the radius (r) of the small base, the angle of the advance of the compaction decreases, and with an increase in the radius (D) of the large base, it increases. If the immersion depth of both roller bases is the same, i.e., h b = h m = h, then formula (12) takes the form: (13) This means that the greater the difference between the radii of the large and small roller bases, the greater the angle of advance of the compaction.
Assuming the ice rink is stationary, i.e., 0  v and 0  Q using the limiting values of the angle, which will be equal  to the angle at which the crumbling of the dam 2  soil particles is completely eliminated, then in equality (13), it is possible to establish the relationship between the radii D and r. The small diameter of the truncated cone was chosen equal to 60 mm for all variants, and the large diameter of the truncated cone had different values, respectively, and the radius of twisting of the sweep of the cone changes. The height of the truncated cone for all variants is chosen equal to 285 mm. In addition, special lugs and plates are made on the frame of the damper compactor for easy replacement of the corresponding ski and cone working element.