Russian State Agrarian Policy in the Context of Modern Globalization and Glocalization Processes: Implementation Features at the Regional Level

The purpose of this article is a political analysis of modern processes of globalization and glocalization and their impact on the development and implementation of state agrarian policy in the regions of the Russian Federation. The use of the structural-functional method made it possible to identify the structural problems of the implementation of the regional agrarian policy in the conditions of modern globalization and glocalization processes and to develop the main directions of its implementation, where one of the problems is the insufficient provision of social infrastructure in rural areas. The study used a general scientific methodology: analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, the use of comparative methodology made it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the agricultural potential of various regions of the Russian Federation and to differentiate the problems of the agro-industrial complex. The article studies the concept of glocalization, identifies the globalization problems of the development of Russian agriculture, and studies the regional features of the implementation of the state agrarian policy. The role and place of the state agrarian policy in the structure of the socio-economic policy of the Russian state is determined.


Introduction
Agrarian policy, having a rich social and economic content, directly affects the standard of living of the broadest layers of the population and ensures, among other things, their safe and comfortable existence, at the same time acts as one of the important elements of state and administrative relations.
Modern Russia is going through a difficult period in its history associated with the implementation of socio-economic reforms in line with the transition to a market economy against the background of the challenges of globalization, political risks of an internal nature in the macro-and micro-political environment. All this is sometimes accompanied by crisis phenomena, including in agriculture, which directly affects the food security of the Russian state. [1] The main trend in world development is the globalization of all spheres of economic and socio-political life. The agricultural sector is no exception. However, along with globalization processes, there are also glocalization tendencies in the modern political process.
The modern state agrarian policy in Russia is an invariable component of the state socioeconomic policy with the aim of sustainable development, the agrarian sector of the economy of rural areas and all agriculture. Given the federal nature of the state structure of Russia, the variety of climatic zones, soils and the level of economic and demographic development of various territories, it is the regional level of implementation of the state agrarian policy that is of paramount importance. [2] The destabilization of the agrarian sector in the 90s gave rise to significant threats to the food security of Russia, which required the adoption of drastic measures of a managerial and political and legal nature. As a result, the Food Security Doctrine was adopted in 2010 to minimize these threats. And already in 2012, in the message of the head of state, the task was set to ensure the food independence of Russia in the shortest possible time and become the largest actor in the world food markets. These decisions took place against the background of Russia's accession to the WTO and the increasing volumes of food imports. [3] The outbreak of the Ukrainian crisis and the inclusion of the Republic of Crimea, as well as the city of Sevastopol in the Russian Federation (based on the results of the referendum) demanded a revision of the priorities of agricultural policy, therefore, already in March 2014, at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation, the issue of the state of food security in Russia was specially considered and appropriate decisions were made. ... Then the introduction of sanctions against Russia required a change in approaches to agricultural policy and a revision of the Food Security Doctrine. By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 21, 2020 No. 20, a new version of the Food Security Doctrine was approved, which clearly defined the criteria and indicators of import substitution in the agricultural sector and defined mechanisms for ensuring food security. [4] The coronavirus pandemic that broke out in 2020 threatened the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine and required an adjustment of the state agricultural policy, taking into account regional characteristics. V.V. At a meeting of the State Council on the implementation of agrarian policy in December 2020, Putin noted that not 4.1% of the production of the agro-industrial sector is growing in the context of a general economic recession amid the COVID 19 pandemic. [5] The President emphasized the overfulfillment of the Food Security Doctrine plan for a number of indicators and the increase in agricultural exports, the amount of which exceeded $ 24 billion.
V.V. Putin acknowledged that the main problems of agricultural development are the poor quality of life of rural residents. Rural areas are not fully provided with communal infrastructure, rural areas lag significantly behind in terms of everyday comfort and social development. V.V. Putin stressed that villages are provided with only 34% of social infrastructure, and cities by 80%. Low provision of rural settlements with healthcare, education and culture institutions reduce the attractiveness of the village for young people.
In addition, low wages in the agricultural sector, accounting for 2/3 of the average salary in Russia, contributes to the outflow of qualified personnel from the countryside. Thus, the problems of rural development should be taken into account not only within the framework of the state agrarian policy, but also solved within the framework of regional programs for the development of rural areas and local self-government in them.

Research methodology and methods
The study used a set of scientific methods and approaches in relation to the subject and logic of the study. The main methods are: analysis and synthesis, analogy, generalization, deduction and induction, comprehensive consideration. A synthesis of structural, functional, systemic and institutional approaches was used, as a result of which a holistic comprehensive idea of the state agrarian policy and the specifics of its implementation at the regional level was created. [6] 3 Results The study of the problems of the formation and functioning of agrarian policy in post-Soviet Russia in the scientific literature of the 1990s focused mainly on the preparation and analysis of the first results of market reforms in the agricultural sector.
In A special group of research is works related to the study of agricultural (food) security. When developing the theoretical foundations for ensuring agrarian and food security in the context of political development and political and public administration problems, researchers of the problems of the relationship between Russia's agrarian policy and food (agrarian) policy proceed from the fact that food security presupposes such a state of the economy and the agro-industrial complex when problems of providing the population of the country with food. [4] Issues We also believe that in modern conditions, adjusting the internal policy of the state to regulate this issue can become the main condition for increasing the efficiency of the Russian agroindustrial complex and the development of rural areas.
Summarizing the changing trends in food supply in certain countries as applied to the problems of economic and national security, domestic researchers highlight the features of the Russian agrarian policy, focused primarily on imported food supply of the population, and secondly, on the self-sufficiency of food for its population with the orientation of many types of food for export, and, thirdly, the protectionist policy of food supply of the population of their countries. [7] In this regard, the issue of improving agricultural policy, taking into account the previous experience, is one of the most urgent in modern conditions. However, in modern studies of the transformation of state agrarian policy, the impact of glocalization processes is not fully considered. [8] The very concept of glocalization appeared against the background of globalization processes, when regional differences began to be traced against the background of global integration. This is especially true in the agricultural and natural resource sectors. This is no coincidence. Since it is the regions that differ in different natural, ecological, climatic, technological and cultural conditions and thus the development of the agro-industrial sector of the economy has significant regional and national differences. [9] There are several models of glocalization, but all of them are united by the idea of building a fair, decentralized world and accelerating world development through the development of territories, their integration and differentiation on various grounds, taking into account modern globalization processes. This is especially evident in the agrarian sphere, respectively, the state agrarian policy should take into account the influence of not only globalization, but glocalization factors in the development of the agro-industrial complex.
Taking into account the regional features and specifics of the modern political process in the space of state-administrative relations, it largely determines the nature and methods of ensuring national security, which is associated, first of all, with the transitional state of society, the breakdown of the entire system of existing relations, the unstable nature of political phenomena, the contradictions of political modernization, unpredictable consequences of world globalization. [10] Thus, the specifics of modern state agrarian policy in the system of state and administrative relations largely determines the nature and methods of ensuring food security, which is primarily associated with the transformation of public relations, primarily in the agricultural sector, the unstable nature of political phenomena, the contradictions of political modernization, unpredictable consequences of world globalization.
It is also necessary to take into account the glocalization agrarian potential of agriculture in the Russian Federation. Agrarian potential is a combination of objective and subjective opportunities, conditions and factors that contribute to the development of the agricultural sector.
Let's consider some of the features of state agrarian policy and its weaknesses. One of the problems of its effective implementation is the demographic problem associated with the processes of urbanization. As S. A. Arbuzov writes, "the overwhelming number of people at the moment are the people of the city, cut off from the earth and not producing food. Thus, over a hundred years, the balance has changed towards an increase in consumers and a decrease in food producers". [11] The outflow of the population from the agricultural sector is largely due to a decrease in the attractiveness of agricultural labor and a decrease in investment attractiveness and entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector. Attracting bona fide investors is largely associated with social and infrastructural problems in the countryside. To implement investment projects, business is not enough to simply create jobs; it is necessary to develop social infrastructure, cultural life, health care, rural education, educate young people and other social issues. And these are long-term and capital-intensive costs. But in the long term, stable profit is guaranteed in the presence of social peace, stability of local self-government, an educated, cultured and healthy population.
Unfortunately, this category of investors and entrepreneurs is at risk itself: its conscientiousness and solidity makes them less competitive, since the increase in infrastructure costs, rural social life and the production of safe products reduces profitability in the short term.
We can immediately draw a conclusion: the state should support such agricultural producers, which will immediately affect, firstly, the quality of agricultural products, and secondly, a number of social and economic problems of the village will be resolved. The task of the state agricultural policy is to support them, otherwise it may not withstand competition and leave the agricultural market, and an agricultural producer will come in his place, focused only on making quick profits, without taking into account long-term prospects, which will negatively affect not only agriculture, but also social development of rural settlements and areas.
Measures provided for by the State Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2013-2020. allowed to make some progress, nevertheless, Abramova I.E. rightly believes that the industry continues to be in a state of crisis. [12] Foreign competitors are still an order of magnitude superior to them both in terms of working capital and available resources. Of course, this situation did not arise today.
We are reaping the fruits of the 90s and early 2000s, when the state let everything go by itself in relation to the village. The events of 2014, when the West imposed sanctions against the Russian Federation in connection with the Crimea and Ukraine, to which Russia responded with its sanctions, became a serious test for the agrarian sector and solving food security problems. They talked about the complete replacement of imports from the US and the EU.
This was prompted by the assumption that restrictions on imported food would help the development of Russian agriculture, because it would reduce import pressures. In addition, many analysts agreed that Russia's accession to the WTO in 2012 was associated with certain risks for the development of agriculture.
First of all, these are restrictions on budgetary financing of the agricultural sector, implying a reduction in customs tariffs and restrictions. On the whole, Russia's accession to the WTO gave rise to many problems that creep into many of the problems that previously existed in the country, and the main vectors of development of the Russian economy began to be determined by world globalization processes.
Limited demand for agri-food products remains an acute problem in Russian agrarian policy. At the moment, due to the active policy of import substitution carried out by the state, it has been possible to create opportunities for expanding the sales market for domestic products.
At the same time, a decrease in the level of income of the population entails a decrease in purchasing activity. The young population also leaves the village because, firstly, they have limited sources of income, and secondly, they are deprived of many social benefits. One of the main ways to make money in rural areas is to engage in agricultural activities, which, due to their riskiness, do not always bring the expected income. In addition, a certain deprivation in various social spheres in the countryside has a negative impact: culture, education, health care, sports, etc.
To retain young specialists and provide a personnel reserve, managers of agricultural enterprises are trying to create an excess number of workers, moreover, from unskilled workers, which leads to a decrease in the profitability of the enterprise itself.
One of the important problems identified in the course of the study is the weak production and technical equipment of agricultural enterprises. Often there is not enough capacity for storage and transportation of agricultural products. And this, as a result, affects the sales volumes of products, the losses of manufacturers, and therefore the final profit.
Particular attention should be paid to the regional features of the implementation of the state agrarian policy. The regions of Russia have different agricultural potential and, therefore, the structure of agriculture. As can be seen from Table 1, crop production dominates in the Southern District, which is the focus of the agro-industrial complex.
As for the Rostov region, according to preliminary results, the Rostov region takes a leading place in the export of agricultural products, the share of agricultural products in the all-Russian is 5%, the number of employees of agricultural and processing enterprises is 263 thousand people, in the Rostov region 7.7 thousand peasant farms and 546 thousand personal subsidiary plots. The information provided shows an increase in agricultural production in 2020. This growth is largely due to the favorable climatic conditions of 2020.
In 2020, the Rostov region became the leader in the export of agricultural products, increasing exports by 18 percent compared to last year. As of September 2020, exports amounted to 13.8 million tons worth $ 3.57 billion. [14] In 2020, the Rostov region topped the rating of Russian regions for the export of agricultural products with a share of 20%. from the all-Russian. First Deputy Governor of the Rostov Region V.G. Goncharov noted that "annually more than 10 million tons of grain are exported from the region, which is 50% of the total export of agricultural products from our region. However, this year the share of exports of fat and oil products increased to 28%. There is also an increase in the volume of exports of fish and seafood, meat and dairy products, food and processing industry products".
However, there are many problems in the agro-industrial complex, especially in the social sphere. At the meeting of President Putin V.V. with the Governor of the Rostov Region V.Yu. Golubev in August 2020, the President of the Russian Federation indicated an increase in the outflow of the population from the Rostov region in comparison with other constituent entities of the Russian Federation. He stressed that "despite the fact that this is a southern, climatically favorable region, the reduction is taking place even in greater volume than the national average" and linked this primarily with the insufficient level of provision of social infrastructure In the Don region, the shortage of doctors is about 10 thousand and there is a lack of places in kindergartens per thousand places, compared with the average Russian indicators. But the main problem is the rise in unemployment on the Don. And if in Rostov-on-Don the social infrastructure is relatively good, the rural areas are in a state of crisis. Therefore, the state policy for the social development of rural areas should become the main vector for the development of the territories of the Rostov region.
[15] Only when solving social problems in rural settlements can one count on the success of the state agrarian policy.
Considering the features of the implementation of the state agrarian policy, it should be noted that regional features are dominant in the development and implementation of the state agrarian policy in the context of modern globalization processes. Regional glocalization and differentiation are a prerequisite for ensuring food security in modern Russia.

Output
The most important condition for increasing the efficiency of state agricultural policy is the development and continuous analysis of the effectiveness of measures of state regulation and support of the agricultural sector. At the same time, there is no consensus on the directions and measures of regulation, its forms and methods.
The role of the state in a modern market economy can hardly be overestimated, especially in agriculture, which is most exposed to risks of various levels. For the agro-industrial complex, market-state interaction is especially important in connection with the direct dependence of the conditions and results of production activities in the agricultural sector not only on spontaneous market factors, but also on external natural and climatic influences. In addition, agriculture is significantly influenced by economic, environmental, climatic, sociopolitical and technological factors. Therefore, government regulation remains the most important process in the development of agricultural infrastructure.
The regulation process is a form of targeted intervention, the measures of which are aimed at ensuring interaction at all levels of the controlled object, at its development as a system, through the introduction of regulators (laws, norms, rules, targets) into it.
To use them effectively, the authorities should prioritize budget financing. Among them we can offer: -measures aimed at implementing the import substitution policy; -mechanisms to increase the export potential of the region; -activities aimed at the development of social infrastructure in the countryside; -event for the development of information systems in rural settlements; -measures to improve the efficiency of social policy in the Rostov region.
To solve these problems, it is necessary to state-market regulation of agricultural relations, the concentration of the social policy of the Russian state on the development of rural areas, the improvement and development of the social infrastructure of the village and the harmonization of social relations. It is proposed to adjust the state policy in the field of education, health care, culture and sports.
In conclusion, it is necessary to emphasize the ever-increasing importance of the regional component of the state agrarian policy of Russia in the context of modern globalization and glocalization.