Features of the legal regulation of the agro-industrial complex

The purpose of the article is to study the legal regulation of the agro-industrial complex on the territory of the Russian Federation. Also, this article will consider examples of the CIS countries and countries bordering on the territory of Russia. This work will present: definition (APC), study of the subject and method of legal regulation, which are applied in relation to the agro-industrial complex in Russia, the history of the creation of agricultural complexes in the territory of the Russian Federation, we will talk about industries, the export of agricultural products, as well as what kind of assistance the Russian state and the CIS countries provide in the agricultural sector, support for the agro-industrial complex will also be considered.


Introduction
The agro-industrial complex on the territory of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries is in one way or another directed in direct proportion to agriculture. The main activities of the agro-industrial complex are the production of consumer goods for the domestic and foreign markets, the manufacture of food products, etc. It is worth paying attention to the fact that one of the main tasks of the agro-industrial complex is the development and implementation of the industrial side of the complex, which is responsible and directly aimed at ensuring the supply of special machines for growing, processing, and further distribution of agricultural products. The need for state regulation is due to the fact that the agrarian sector requires special modernization and optimization, and for this, agroindustrial complexes are being created. The market economy is the main ingredient of good earnings from agriculture, it allows you to freely invest money, develop private entrepreneurship and, naturally, government institutions.
So, let's talk about what the agro-industrial complex is, consider the spheres of activity, the history of the creation and development of the complex on territory of Russia and countries bordering on it. The agro-industrial complex is a complex that consists of several components and contains some of the components of the economy. The agro-industrial complex includes four areas of activity. The first is agriculture, the so-called core of the agroindustrial complex, which includes several main types of activities -crop production, livestock raising, farms, personal subsidiary plots, etc. The second is considered to be branches and services, their work is aimed at providing agriculture with means of production and material resources. The next department is the branches that deal with the processing of agricultural raw materials. The concluding infrastructure block of production, which is engaged in the procurement of agricultural raw materials, their transportation, and storage.

Methodology
Methods used in the study: methods of systematization and generalization, comparative method, methods of induction and deduction.

Results of the research
By studying the agro-industrial complex, the state of the Agrarian industry (some) of the CIS countries, development paths, programs developed by states, technical regulations and legislation of the countries named in the article were clarified. Also, with the help of analysis and special sources, the state of agro-industrial complexes was considered.

Discussion of results
The Russian Federation. Agriculture. Agriculture plays a very important role in the Russian economy, the leading role is played by crop production, it accounts for about 54% of the total volume of agriculture, and the share of livestock is about 46%. The structure of agricultural production by types of farms: agricultural organizations 53%, households 35%, farmers 13%. The value of gross agricultural output amounted to 5.11 trillion rubles in 2018. Russia is a major exporter of agricultural products. In particular, for export wheat Russia occupies1st place among the countries of the world. Total food exports to and from Russia peaked at $ 25 billion in 2018. As for the export of agricultural products, it is worth paying attention to several facts: Russia is the largest exporter of wheat, therefore, takes the first place. We also note the fact that in the first half of 2020, Russia managed to exceed export indicators and, as a result of income, for agricultural products. Based on article 36 of the Constitution of organization households farmers Russia, citizens have the right to own land in fair ownership and to dispose of its resources, if this does not harm the environment. What is the reason for this percentage of land ownership in private hands. [1] Livestock raising is one of the main branches of agriculture in Russia. It provides about 45% of the total gross output, 70% of the labor force in agriculture. The importance of animal husbandry in Russia is very high and laborious. Regular animal work Let's talk about the history of the Russian agricultural sector. The history of the creation and development of agro-industrial complexes in Russia dates back to 2006, it was then that the implementation of the important national project "Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex" began, its essence was in the active support of agriculture by the state. In addition to crop production, the Russian agricultural complex also includes animal husbandry -this is a more costly and complicated type of agriculture, which should also be discussed in more detailnormal work of animal husbandry is hopeless if sufficient and prompt transportation and production of special feed for animals is not carried out.
With such an overview, we can conclude that all four components of the agricultural complex are interconnected. Without crop production, there will be no livestock breeding, and without a technical base, there will be no proper transportation of goods and assistance in the previous components. The technical base is, if we consider agriculture, then the main [2]and the leading specialist is the Rostselmash plant, which is considered a major exporter at the moment of supply, which is carried out in 50 different countries of the world. The production of products for the domestic market accounts for 70% of the number of sold technical equipment for agriculture, the market share is 17%. The company's revenue in 2018 amounted to 37 billion rubles. In 2019, the plant gained almost the same amount -37.7 billion rubles, the profit increased more than 7 times -up to 2.6 billion rubles. There are many agroindustrial complexes on the territory of the Russian Federation, which, in turn, are also controlled by the state. Water resource and its regulation. The water resource of the Russian Federation is very rich. There are 120 thousand rivers in Russia over 10 km long, including more than 3 thousand medium and large ones, the length of which reaches more than 500 km. The whole geographic map of Russia is literally it is striped by rivers and it is one of the main treasures of the country. The rivers are lined with reservoirs, which can reach a volume greater than the lakes. The largest is the Samara reservoir. Also, Russia has a huge hydropower potential and more than 80% is located in the Asian part of the country. Russian lakes, which number more than 2 million, contain more than half of all fresh water in the country. Note that at the same time in Baikal about 95% lake water of Russia. Swamps are mainly located in flat areas due to excess moisture and in places of permafrost. For example, in the tundra zone, swampy terrain reaches 50% of the total tundra area. [3] But this is also a big plus, since strong swampiness is a special sign of the taiga, but bogs produce peat and, moreover, of the highest quality. In addition, many rivers and lakes feed on swamps. The Russian Federation is also rich in groundwater, which is also a fresh source and very useful for the agro-industrial complex. Note that almost 1/4 of the stock. Russia's fresh water is found in glaciers. These are mainly the cover glaciers of the Arctic islands. The waters of 12 seas wash the territory of Russia: 3 seas of the Atlantic Ocean basin, 6 seas of the Arctic Ocean, 3 seas of the Pacific Ocean. The country's water resource is used mainly for the construction of a reservoir, for obtaining an energy resource (state district power station, thermal power plant, etc.), the creation of fish farms, to maintain the population of certain species, as well as for sale within the state and for export State management of water resources is concentrated in the Water Code of the Russian Federation. Water legislation accordingly regulates water relations, as well as property relations associated with water bodies. In Russia, there is another huge resource that is included in the agro-industrial complex -this is forestry and forestry. Forest resource and its regulation. The forest resource, in addition to various types of wood, also includes furs, game, mushrooms and other fruits that are in the forest complex. The resources also include the beneficial properties of the forest, namely, water protection, climate control, anti-erosion, and health-improving properties. The area occupied by forests is 156.2 million hectares, which is 44.5% of the country's area. The most significant timber harvesting areas are located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Kostroma and other parts of the country. State regulation of legal relations with forests and forest relations is mainly contained in the Forest Code of the Russian Federation. Another important document in the process of state regulation is the Land Code of the Russian Federation. Russia controls and introduces new methods of control in enterprises in order to increase their efficiency, this will increase sales, and hence income. Public administration in the field of agriculture, and therefore the agroindustrial complex is mainly in the settlement of industrial relations. The tasks of the Russian state in the field of agriculture are stabilization and development of agro-industrial production, ensuring food security of the Russian Federation, improving food supply for the population, maintaining economic parity between agriculture and other sectors of the economy, and others. For the rational use of resources and to obtain the desired result, the state will develop special measures. Subject and method of legal regulation of the agroindustrial complex in Russia. The subject of regulation i.e. the object is relations that are directly related to agriculture. These activities involve special methods, both for regulation and for the operation of the agricultural complex. The method of legal regulation in the agroindustrial complex is the publication of new (cancellation of outdated) or editing of regulations, the creation of certain GOST standards for agricultural products ready for consumption, the creation of production regulations and much more.
There are several types of measures of a general nature, they mainly represent the allocation of funds (financing), the organization of benefits and benefits that are issued to those who are engaged in agriculture. [4]Help in the fight against dangerous diseases in animals State support. The Russian Federation is actively supporting agro-industrial complexes, so in 2020 subsidies were introduced on the territory of the Rostov region. And on the territory of the Ryazan region, the government of the Ryazan region decided that in accordance with Resolution 28 of February 13, 2013 "On the approval of the procedures for the provision of subsidies for state support of the agro-industrial complex. Ryazan Region ", the essence of this document contains the requirements of applicants for subsidies, the deadlines for submitting applications, the liver and the forms of documents required to receive these subsidies in 2019. Organizations, individual entrepreneurs and other agricultural producers could teach them. Also, starting in 2019, Russian citizens will be able to receive grants. For example, the "Grant for the Beginning Farmer", Grant "Agrostartup", a grant for family livestock farms, social payments for housing and others. One of the most advanced and affordable support methods is lending. At the moment in the Russian Federation there are many types of loans related to agricultural support. Consider this at two well-known banks in Russia -VTB and Sberbank. The first provides concessional lending at a minimum preferential rate (from 1% to 5%), for a period of 1 year (short-term) and investment 2 -15 years inclusive (long-term). The second bank provides loans for people who run their own subsidiary plots. For up to 5 years and up to RUB 1.5 mln, the interest rate is 17% per annum. The state has the authority to strengthen capital support instruments. State regulation. Let us refer to the Federal Law of December 29, 2006 264-FZ (as amended on October 15, 2020) "On the development of agriculture". Which says that the Russian Federation guarantees accessibility credit loans for workers in the agricultural sector, financial support, there are certain transfers to the arena by the subjects of the federation. Federal Law of 14.07.1997 No. 100-FZ "On state regulation of the agro-industrial complex" this law establishes the legal basis for the economic impact of the state agro-industrial complex. Let's not forget about animal feed, the state has developed special Russian standards. Note that the agricultural complex also includes mechanization. [5] In this case, we can observe certain regulations on the safety of agricultural machinery. There is a certain regulation of the customs union "On the safety of tractors, agricultural machines and machines for forestry." It establishes the safety parameters of agricultural machines and their mandatory implementation, as well as the rules of circulation on the market. This regulation applies accordingly to agricultural machinery and for members of the customs union. As for safety, and this is the main thing in any technique, this act establishes that when designing equipment, approximate variants of danger to human life and health should be thought out, this technique should be effective and should not cause serious harm to the environment. All materials that make up the equipment must be checked and not harm humans. Here are the basic safety rules for machinery for agriculture, forestry, etc. There are also certain Russian standards for ready-made food products. The Russian Federation is carrying out appropriate reforms to attract investment in agriculture. [6] Republic of Belarus. Agriculture. Consider the foreign agro-industrial complex and the experience of other states in this matter. Thus, in the Republic of Belarus, there is a sufficiently developed and powerful level of agriculture, and the country receives its main income from this spectrum. Basically, the agro-industrial complex of Belarus is aimed at exporting goods produced in it, thanks to which one can notice a positive increase in the balance for these products. Belarus, like all the countries listed in this article, is a member of the Euro-Asian Economic Union and is subject to the charter of this union. The main product for sale is potatoes, while it is worth noting that the dynamics of harvesting potatoes is ambiguous and different, considering the amount of harvested potatoes from 2015 to 2019, we can conclude that the breakthrough was made in 2017 (6415), but in other years the harvest was small and ranged from 5865 (2018) to 6105 (2019). Despite the problems, the main advantage of the Belarusian agricultural products is high quality, which is achieved through product manufacturing standards. For 2019, there are about 1995 standards related to the food industry in the republic. Also in Belarus there is a special label "Natural product", with the help of which goods made from natural materials and without chemical additives are marked. Note that the Republic of Belarus covers more than 100% of its own needs for milk, meat, eggs, potatoes and vegetables, and this is an excellent result This is due to the fact that large state farms are located on the territory of the republic, which actively receive support from the state. The most famous mechanical representative for the agricultural complex is the Minsk Tractor Plant, which produces the most famous tractor in the countries of the former USSR -"Belarus". But in this republic there were also problems for the development of the agricultural complex, so from 2005 to 2015 the state program "Program for the construction and development of the village" was implemented, its essence was to restore the village and attract the population to the countryside. An amount equal to $ 2.5 billion was invested in this project, but, however, the expected This program did not bring any effect, but despite the failure, the company was not suspended and continued its life, subsidies to agriculture increased to 60%. [7]It should be noted that other countries invested only 20-30% at the time of this program. As a result, this state program, according to experts, was not successful and did not bring the expected result from it. Another problem in the agroindustrial complex.
Belarus has an insufficient material and technical base. Agricultural productivity suffers due to outdated technical equipment. Despite the purchase investments in the agro-industrial complex and in agriculture in particular, in 2013, the number of unprofitable and unprofitable large organizations, whose work was directly related to agriculture, increased sharply, and the amount of loss increased almost 10 times. The number of tractors from 2014 (43.8 thousand) to 2019 (39.4 thousand) decreased, the number of trucks also fell from 2014 (22.2 thousand) to 2019 (18.3 thousand), and the number grain harvesters for the same period from 11.6 thousand to 9.2 thousand. State regulation. In addition, the government of the Belarusian Republic is engaged not only in support, but also in regulation. The main relationship between man and the earth is controlled and spelled out in the Land Code of the Republic of Belarus. Forestry. In addition to animal husbandry, mechanization and plant growing, forestry exists and is developing in the republic. Since Belarus is located in a forest zone and can afford it, distinguish it from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, since in these states, the steppe still prevails, not the forest. Forestry is a developing sector of the economy. [8]  The total area of Belarusian forests is in the hands of the state and is controlled by the Ministry of Forestry. Currently, legal reforms are underway, the Forestry Code was adopted in 2015, it is he who is considered the main law in relation to forestry and forestry. A strategic and very important plan from 2015-2030 was created, which was developed and directed for a more rational use of the forest resource and its restoration. Water resource. The water resource is also quite rich in the territory of the states, there are many rivers. Some of the most famous and longer ones are the Dnieper River, the Berezina River and the Western Dvina River. Belarus is a landlocked country. Most of the rivers located on the territory of the republic originate in other neighboring states. There are also reservoirs on the territory of the state. There are about 11 thousand lakes within the border of Belarus. Many lakes are close to each other and form groups of lakes. The South and North are different from each other. In the south, they are degraded and boggy. Renewable resources are quite promising and have all the capabilities to consume the needs of the inhabitants of Belarus.
The Republic of Kazakhstan. Agriculture. Let's discuss the second examplethis is Kazakhstan. Agriculture in Kazakhstan is advancing and continuing to develop, but is still considered a small complex and requires changes. The contribution of agriculture to Kazakhstan's GDP is less than 10%, but at the same time more than 70% of the country's land is occupied in crop and livestock production. Inhabitants who are engaged in agriculture make up about 43% of the total population of Kazakhstan. [9] The republic also has welldeveloped centers of animal husbandry and crop production. Mainly areas occupied with animal breeding are located in the north of the country, but the southern region is also widespread for meat, which includes cattle breeding, sheep breeding, horse breeding and breeding of other cloven-hoofed animals, in the west and east -beef cattle breeding and horse breeding, and in desert and semi-desert zones camel breeding is well developed. Kazakhstan is one of the leaders in horse breeding and in occupation horse breeding. Another of the main qualities of the republic is the export of wheat, the country ranks sixth in this business. Cereals of lesser importance include barley, cotton, sugar beets, sunflowers, flax, and rice. State support and regulation. As mentioned earlier, Kazakhstan continues to engage in its agricultural sector and develops all kinds of it. Thus, the «Auyl» party, together with the alliance of companies, entered into an alliance. And develops new programs for development agricultural complex of Kazakhstan. The Republic of Kazakhstan is also engaged in winemaking, the republic has the largest population of wolves, which numbers approximately 90,000 individuals. Now let's take a closer look at the question of how the republic helps and regulates agriculture and what measures are used to achieve these results. In accordance with the "Kazakhstan 2050" plan, assistance is being provided to the agricultural complex, its sustainable formation, the increase in the level of agricultural production, and, accordingly, labor. The state has developed special preferences and subsidies for rural workers. For example, the issuance of housing, new jobs, certain payments (subsidies), new payments were also approved, by order of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan 107 of March 30, 2020, new subsidy rules were approved. In February 2013, the Government of Kazakhstan approved a new sectoral program for the development of the agro-industrial complex for 2013-2020 "Agribusiness -2020". [10] This program is aimed at developing four main areas: financial recovery, increasing the availability of products for the population, the emergence of new services for the subjects of the agro-industrial sector, the development of the state system and support for agricultural producers, and increasing the efficiency of the state management system of the agro-industrial complex. But despite all the measures, the agro-complex of Kazakhstan is still underdeveloped and remains a small spectrum of the republic's economy. Forestry and its regulation by the state. Although Kazakhstan, for the most part, will build like a steppe, it also has its own forestry and forestry complex. Saxaul forests form the basis of the forest in Kazakhstan; they occupy about 50% of the area. The volume of forest in Kazakhstan is not large, but the government of the state creates conditions to get rid of this problem. Particular attention is paid to the restoration of an area of 883.1 thousand hectares. Also, a special breeding base is being formed, aimed at increasing the species and restoring the number of trees and other components of the forest complex, which is part of the agro-industrial complex. State regulation in relation to forests and forestry is mainly contained in the Forest Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Water resource. The water resource in the republic is not rich and the republic, by and large, is experiencing a shortage of water resources, which strongly depends on river and lake runoff, which are extremely unevenly distributed. The main artery of the basin of Lake Balkhash is the Ile River, 1001 km long. There are 48,262 lakes in Kazakhstan, of which 45,248 are small lakes and have a relatively small potential. Kazakhstan has access to the Caspian Sea, the largest lake in the world. [11] Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Agriculture. Consider another state and the agricultural complex is Kyrgyzstan. Now, agriculture in Kyrgyzstan is a very powerful center of profit, it is the basis of the country's wealth and the leading sector of the economy. In this case, we can observe that agriculture is divided into three leading sectors: animal husbandry, crop production (agriculture) and water resources. It should be noted that although about 40% of the total population is involved in this spectrum, it is underdeveloped and this process is slow. Because of this, there is a migration of the working population to Russia, due to unemployment and lack of funds. The UN World Food Analysis estimates that about 16 percent of the poor are undernourished and food insecure. Government regulation and support. To overcome, USAID is working to create and improve food security and increase the income of farmers in the Republic. Focusing on smallholders in the south of the country. At the moment there is a project "Farmer-Farmer" (October 2018-September 2023). The main goal of this project is to stimulate rapid economic growth by providing short-term technical assistance directly to the rural sector. The expected results of this project are impressive. [12] It will strengthen the capacity of producers. The program will work with agribusiness to improve financial management and the system of business plans, acceleration plans and products. Another important result is agricultureal education The project will support public and private providers of agricultural advisory services. In order to strengthen the capacity to transfer knowledge and technology. And finally, financial assistance to the countryside. This is the main project for the reform of the agricultural sector and therefore needs to be discussed in more detail. Agricultural education: the main tasks have been completed -the level of advisory services has been improved, business planning and its skills have improved. In addition to this, the program helped the agrarian university to improve the level of knowledge of its students. Rural financial services: tasks already completed in this sector have focused on analyzing the technical needs of production. The water resource of Kyrgyzstan and its state regulation. Since the Tien Shan Mountains are located in the north of the republic, then some of the water resource is contained in glaciers. There are also many rivers in the republic, the longest of which is the Naryn River with a length of 535 km. More than 3500 rivers flowing through the territory of the republic, and most of them are located in other neighboring states, for example, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and others. There are a few swamps here, only 0.5% of the total territory of the republic. The republic has at its disposal 12 artificial reservoirs with a total area of 378.2 km2.
In recent years, Kyrgyzstan has been taking 8.0 km of water per year for its own use, using it mainly for irrigation of land, which is necessary to maintain the moisture of the land, for agriculture. The rest of the effluent goes to other neighboring states. Here, there is also a tea water code, which, as in other countries, regulates relations regarding water and its more rational use. [13] Republic of Armenia. Agriculture. Now let's talk about the country located in the South Caucasus -Armenia. Armenia, in comparison with the above-mentioned countries, occupies a smaller territory and is located in mountainous areas. Still, agriculture is one of the most important sectors of the economy of the Republic of Armenia. It should be noted that mainly in the agro-industrial complex of the republic it is a subsidiary farm because is in private hands. Let us note one of the important components of the agriculture of Armenia is animal husbandry. This industry accounts for about 40% of the gross production of the Republic. Animal husbandry in this state is considered a worthy occupation. At present, Armenian animal husbandry is an area where, along with traditional technologies, more advanced ones are being introduced. Cattle breeding is rightfully considered one of the leading industries as it provides about 50% of all meat in the republic and about 95% of milk. In Armenia, about 170 thousand collective rural and agricultural enterprises are engaged in animal husbandry. The breeding economy is also very developed and special companies are engaged in it. State regulation in agriculture. In the agricultural sphere, the program of the Government of Armenia and the strategy for sustainable development are important regulatory documents. This plan reflects the further development of agriculture, defines the main provisions of the agrarian policy and measures for their direct organization, it also reflects the priorities for agriculture in Armenia. The Strategy for Sustainable Development of Agriculture of the Republic of Armenia for 2015-2025 has been developed and is under discussion. The main objectives of the strategy are: introducing mechanisms to overcome the consequences of the economic crisis, improving and deepening reforms for the development of agriculture, increasing the level of nutrition and food safety for the population, increasing competitiveness, developing limited production and many others. [14] Animal husbandry is considered an important factor in the reforms and the project provides for the following generally binding actions: increasing livestock production in the meat industry and increasing livestock, maintaining breeding breeds and genetic diversity of animal breeds. The next step is an equally important stage -this is the processing of agricultural raw materials: it will include: development of the industry, distribution and processing of mechanisms of processing organizations; introduction of new technologies and increasing the competitiveness of production in the world market and in the CIS market, which can be realized a little without marketing support. Water resources. As for the water resources of the republic, Armenia is a relatively rich country in this regard. On the territory of the state there are 9480 rivers and more than 100 lakes, the most famous is Lake Savan.
The rivers here are mountainous and fast, and most of them are tributaries of the large rivers of the South Caucasus -Araks and Kura. There are 74 reservoirs in Armenia with a total volume of 988 million 3 m The largest reservoir on the territory of Armenia is Akhuryan, its volume is 525 million m³, these reservoirs are necessary and used for irrigation and not only. The republic has a huge number of springs and groundwater, which are not evenly distributed. Approximately 96% of the water in Armenia is used for drinking, it comes from underground sources. This water is very pure and has high organoleptic properties, which will bring great benefits to the human body. There are also waterfalls in Armenia and the highest of them is «Jermuk» waterfall, its height reaches 51m. State regulation in relation to water resources. State regulation in relation to water resources in Armenia is mainly in the law. The Water Code, National Water Policy, National Water Program and government regulations in this case represent the legislative floor. Now let's discuss forestry and how the government of the republic regulates and protects this relationship. 6.5 Forestry and its regulation by the state Forests on the territory of the republic are unevenly distributed, namely 62% is located in the northeast, 36% in the southeast and only 2% in the central part of Armenia. The government of the republic by the decision of the Republic of Armenia N 7-Ն dated January 15, 2004. The Republic of Armenia has given powers to the Ministry of Agriculture in the field of protection, reproduction and use of forests. In connection with the granted rights, the RA Ministry of Agriculture carries out its activities through the forestry department of the apparatus. In the republic there is a non-profit state organization "Hayantar", which is engaged in the protection of special territories. [15]

Conclusions
In conclusion, I would like to note that the agro-industrial complex is a very important part in any state. In some, it is well developed, and in others it still requires certain modernizations, to one degree or another. Without the agro-industrial complex, a reliable agricultural base cannot exist, which is necessary for the population, since only in this way it is possible to achieve a natural product without chemical substitutes. Do not forget about the special role in the export of products that are ready for consumption or raw materials for manufacturing. The better the raw materials, the better the product. The need for the agroindustrial complex also lies in the correct use of forest resources and water resources. State regulation in the listed countries is to support the agro-industrial complex by creating a material base in the form of benefits and lending. And by certain prohibitions it законы, codes. Also, the states that were named in this article are actively developing their agroindustrial complexes and carry out appropriate reforms on the basis of projects to support and develop or from the legal side of regulation.