Problems of human relationships in the modern world

The article presents the results of an empirical study on changes in the system of a woman's relations after a divorce, which can be manifested both in a woman's self-attitude and in her attitude towards a man; divorced women, compared to married women, have a higher percentage of non-optimal self-attitude and negative attitude towards men, divorced women with and without a child after a divorce have got differences not only in the percentage of non-optimal self-attitude and negative attitude towards men, but also in the connection between them. We have conducted our research and received the following results. Divorced women, as compared to married women, have a higher percentage of suboptimal self-attitude and negative attitude towards men. The assumption that divorced women with a child after a divorce have got a higher percentage of non-optimal self-attitude and negative attitude towards a man than women without a child after a divorce was not confirmed, while the assumption of a less close connection of self-attitude and attitude towards a man was confirmed. For the first time, an empirical study was conducted that allows us to study not only the features of selfattitude and attitude to a man in women after divorce, but also the relationship between them. The results obtained in the study can be used by psychologists working with women who are divorced. The development of an optimal self-attitude in such women will not only increase adaptive capabilities, but also contribute to a change in attitude towards a man, which ultimately can be a positive factor in creating a new family.


Introduction
Divorce is one of the most powerful shocks in the life of any person, having an impact on his entire life. In both cases, people are at odds with a deep psychological trauma in the soul, which is not sometimes smoothed out all their lives, regardless of whether they create new families or not. The pain in the soul remains even when people were still able to translate their relationships after the divorce into friendly or friendly ones. Family psychology should study what happens to the mental characteristics of those who get divorced. The analysis of the literature showed that this topic is devoted to the work of such psychologists as A. I. Antonov [1], N. A. Bashirov [2], L. YA Gozman [3], E. F. Goltsov [4], etc. It can be assumed that divorce leads to changes in the system of relations of a woman, which can manifest itself both in the self-relation of a woman and in the attitude towards a man. The leading role of self-attitude in the normal functioning of the individual is noted by many domestic and foreign psychologists: Schneider L. B. [5,6], Chesnokova, I. S. [7], Kohn, I. S. [8], Stolin, V. V. [9,10,11].
The analysis of the literature on this topic led to the following conclusions: the problem of those changes in the psyche of a woman that occur after a divorce is a very urgent problem for family psychology; it can be assumed that divorce leads to changes in the system of a woman's relations, which can manifest itself both in a woman's self-attitude and in her attitude towards a man; there is no comprehensive research related to the study of changes in self-attitude and attitude towards a man of women after a divorce; in addition, it can be assumed that changes in a woman's self-attitude and attitude towards a man of women after a divorce is associated with such an important factor as having a child after a divorce. The purpose of our research was to study the peculiarities of self-attitude and attitude towards a man of women who are divorced, taking into account the presence -absence of a child after a divorce.

Instantaneous assessment
1) To study self-attitude we have used "Metodika izucheniya samootnosheniya" (MIS) [Self-attitude research methodology] (SARM) by V.V. Stolin and R.S. Pantileev [12]. The analysis was carried out according to three independent factors of the intercorrelation matrices of the scale values -self-esteem, autosympathy and internal instability. 2) To study the attitude of divorced women and married women we have used the survey methodology "Diagnostika sistemno-harakrerologicheskih otnoshenii lichnosti" [Diagnostics of systemic-characterological relationships of a personality] by N.P. Fetiskin [13].

Statistical methods
Non-parametric statistics was used: 1) to determine the significance of differences at the level of the studied feature -F2-Pearson test; 2) to study the association of two features measured in the nominal scale -the Tschuprow's coefficient (K) of association of features.

Cohorts of subjects.
We have formed three empirical samples: The first sample consisted of divorced women (period after divorce 0.8 -1 year) with one child after a divorce. Age 21-27. Nationality -Russian. A total of 45 subjects. The second sample consisted of divorced women (period after divorce 0.6 -1 year) without children after a divorce. Age 21-26. Nationality -Russian. A total of 33 subjects. The third sample consisted of married women. Age 20-27. Nationality -Russian. A total of 60 subjects.
The most important factors determining the system of attitude towards oneself and towards men are: first, the formal aspect of the post-divorce situation -the presence or absence of a child; secondly, the time elapsed after the divorce.
To study the attitude towards men of divorced women and married women we have used the survey methodology "Diagnostics of systemic-characterological relationships of a personality".
To study self-attitude, we have used the question form "Self-attitude research methodology" (SARM) by V. V. Stolin and R. S. Pantileev [12].

Results
The optimal variant of self-attitude -an adequate assessment of one's own success, will, purposefulness linked with an adequate emotional attitude of a woman to her "self" at the "background" of adequate internal conflict and self-blame -is much more common for women who are married (52%). This type of self-attitude is least common for women after a divorce without a child (12%) For divorced women the manifestation of different features other than normal depends on the presence of a child after the divorce.
For a statistical assessment of the obtained result we have use the nonparametric -F2 -Pearson criterion.
We have calculated the frequency of occurrence of positive, neutral and negative attitudes towards men in the groups "divorced women with a child", "divorced women without a child" and "married women" and have obtained the following results.
Statistically based conclusions: ─ women who are married have a statistically significant predominance of a positive attitude towards men compared to women who are divorced; ─ although this is not statistically significant, we see that a positive attitude towards men is higher among women who have a child after a divorce compared to women who do not have a child after a divorce; ─ having analyzed the data showing connection between the attitude towards a man (positive, neutral and negative) and variants of self-attitude, we have found out the following. Data Analysis: 1. The optimal variant of self-attitude -an adequate assessment of one's success, will, purposefulness linked with an adequate emotional attitude to one's "self" at the "background" of adequate internal disorder, is statistically significantly more common for women who are married. 2. Variants different from normal -a) overestimation of one's success, will, purposefulness linked with an overestimated emotional attitude to one's "self" at the "background" of low disorder; b) an overestimated assessment of one's success, will, purposefulness linked with an overestimated emotional attitude to one's "self" against a "background" of high disorder; c) an adequate assessment of one's success, will, purposefulness, plus an adequate emotional attitude to one's "self" at the "background" of increased disorder are statistically significantly more common for women who are divorced, especially for women having no child after a divorce. 3. Married women have a statistically significant predominance of positive attitudes towards men as compared to women who are divorced. Moreover, this ratio is higher among women who have a child after a divorce. 4. The closest connection between attitudes towards a man and factors of self-attitude is observed in the group "divorced women without a child" and lower in the group "divorced women with a child". These data are presented in detail in Figures 1.  Fig. 1. Levels of self-esteem, autosympathy and inner disorder

Discussion
Among the psychological reasons for not remarrying can be meaningful life orientations, role expectations and women's aspirations. One of these factors may be the woman's relationship system. Nowadays Russian psychology has developed several approaches to understanding the system of personality relations, it has accumulated factual material on this problem, and has built theoretical models. This problem has been studied by such Russian psychologists as V.N. Myasishchev [14], B.G. Kronik [15], N.N. Obozov [16], A.V. Petrovsky and others. We have assumed that divorce leads to a negative change in women's self-attitude, manifested in the formation of a negative attitude towards a man, which may act as a subjective factor in the problem of remarriage.

Сonclusion
Divorce is often regarded by analysts as a tragedy, evidence of family disorganization. But some scientists believe that the role of divorce today is ambiguous. There are several examples where divorce brings positive changes both for the spouses and for society. One such example is remarriage. Divorce differs from other ways of relieving tension in that a woman can find another husband. To some extent, this explains the determination of the woman as the initiator of the divorce. A woman successfully realizes the possibility of remarriage, thus the time of the state of marriage during the procreation period increases, that is, the probability of having children from remarriage increases. This fact cannot but affect the dynamics of the birth rate.
But, as statistics show, not everything is so "happy" in this matter. Less than one third of women remarry, and less than half of men remarry. Studies show that only 43% of men and slightly less than 23% of women remarry (including civil marriage). For women, remarriage is difficult because of the disparity of the population by sex and age (women outnumber men by 10 million people). This problem is indirectly confirmed by the fact that the share of remarriages among the annually registered marriage unions remains very stable and amounts to 25-28%. [17].
We have conducted our research and have received the following results. 1. The optimal variant of self-attitude -an adequate assessment of one's success, will, purposefulness, plus an adequate emotional attitude to one's "self" at the "background" of adequate internal disorder is statistically significantly more common among married women.
2. Variants different from normal -a) overestimation of one's success, will, purposefulness linked with an overestimated emotional attitude to one's "self" at the "background" of low disorder; b) an overestimated assessment of one's success, will, purposefulness linked with an overestimated emotional attitude to one's "self" at the "background" of high disorder; c) an adequate assessment of one's success, will, purposefulness linked with an adequate emotional attitude to one's "self" at the "background" of increased disorder are statistically significantly more common for women who are divorced, especially for women who do not have a child after a divorce. 3. Women who are married have a statistically significant predominance of positive attitudes towards men as compared to women who are divorced. Moreover, this ratio is higher among women who have a child after a divorce. 4. The closest connection between attitudes towards men and factors of self-attitude is observed in the group "divorced women without a child" and lower in the group "divorced women with a child".